能量色散X射线荧光光谱评议报告

管激发X射线荧光光谱仪大致分为二类:一类为波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪(以下简称WDXRF或TWDXRF);另一类为能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(以下简称EDXRF或TEDXRF)。WDXRF产生于50年代,经历了几十年的发展,现已逐步完善。最新生产的WDXRF谱仪可测元素从硼到铀,测定轻     

藏药牦牛角中微量元素及其特征

采用日立１８０／８０原子吸收光谱仪、ＷＹＤ－２型氢化物原子荧光光谱仪测定了传统藏药牦牛角中的Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ、Ｓｅ、Ａｓ,Ｈｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ等１０种元素含量。结果表明,由于牦牛生活在青藏高原这一特独生境条件下,其角含有丰富的微量元素。     

碳酸盐碳,氧稳定同位素微量测试方法的研究

本文简要叙述了微量碳酸盐样品碳，氧稳定同位素测试对于古海洋学研究的重要性，着重介绍了该方法的原理，制样过程以及质谱测量，同时还介绍了微量测试几个方面的试验工作，并对影响微量测试的几种因素进行了探讨。     

土壤重金属迁移转化实验应用于环境化学实验教学的探索——以室内土柱淋滤模拟实验为例

设计了一套土壤淋滤模拟实验装置,并将其引入一个典型的环境化学实验中。在淋滤装置的上端加入一定浓度的重金属溶液,重金属在土柱中进行不同层位的迁移,从淋滤柱下端滤出,实现其在土壤中的迁移与转化。然后应用X射线衍射（XRD）光谱仪和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）分别测定土柱中不同深度处土壤矿物组成和重金属元素含量,并结合重金属元素含量测试结果分析探讨重金属元素的纵向迁移转化规律。该实验可引导学生进一步理解环境化学中关于土壤的基本理论知识,了解重金属在土壤中的迁移转化机制及相关测试仪器的基本操作方法与原理,提高学生的综合实验操作技能,激发学生科学研究的潜在能力,培养学生的科研创新能力。     

电化学-原子吸收光谱法联用测试中影响因素的分析

对电化学与火焰原子吸收光谱仪联用中测试的几种主要影响因素进行了探讨。试验的影响因素包括电化学预富集池填同料的大小及填充厚度、溶液底液支持电角质的种类及浓度、溶出阶段支持电解质的类型及浓度、电化学预富集电压及溶出测定阶段的反高电压的大小和流动液的流速。在选定的条件下,经对铜离子的试验可使检出限降低２个数量级。     

铝基火花源发射光谱仪测定MB1镁合金中锰含量

建立了用铝基体火花源原子发射光谱仪现有通道硬件测定镁合金(MB1)中锰元素含量的方法.方法线性相关系数为0.967 6,RSD为1.66%.对8个未知样品进行了测试,结果与化学分析方法所得结果一致.     

X射线荧光光谱无标样分析在轻合金中的应用

基于X射线荧光光谱仪,运用其无标样分析软件以及元素灵敏度系数校正,分析了镁合金、铝合金样品的元素组成及其含量。结果表明,X射线荧光光谱仪无标样定量分析镁合金、铝合金,其测量结果具有非常高的可靠性和准确度。通过对元素灵敏度系数的校正,可以进一步提高合金的测量精度。     

用于体液试验的测试仪

本发明涉及一种用来试验体液如血或尿的测试仪，该仪器有一条可从储存区输送到废料区的卷绕的测试带，它具有大量可在一个接收位置涂抹体液的测试段；测试仪还具有用来检定在有效测试段上的体液的包含物质的测量单元。为了实现仪器的辅助功能，测试带除了测试段外还具有一个或多个可在带子前进时移动到一个功能位置的功能段。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法快速测定金属锑中6个杂质元素

1 引言 目前金属锑中各杂质元素和主要元素的分析,均采用GB3253—82,进行一个样品的全分析需要至少几天的时间,本文通过对样品溶解方法的比较及回收率实验,探讨出用浓硫酸溶解样品用盐酸稀释后直接在ICP真空光谱仪上测定金属锑中包括国家标准中没有的元素铋和汞在内的6种杂质元素。采用该方法从样品的处理到全部6个元素分析结果的报出平均只需几分钟的时间。本文还将该方法的测定结果和按照GB3253—82分析方法所得结果进行比较,证明了该方法溶样程序简便,带进的干扰少,快速准确。     

光电直读仪出射狭缝的设置和调整的几点体会

有关光电光谱分析仪器的光学系统,曾在一些文献中作了介绍。但是,不论是用棱镜或衍射光栅作色散元件而制成的真空或非真空的分光计,都具有一个共同点:就是用光电接收元件取代了摄谱分析中使用的感光板,也就是在摄谱仪的焦面上安装所需测定元素的出射狭缝,并将出射狭缝所接收的幅射光经外部光学系统照射到光电倍增管的光阴极上。出射狭缝的数目根据分析对象不同而定,一般由几个到几十个。出射狭缝的设置和调整是保证光电光谱仪具有高度稳定性的主要因素之一。几年来我们从事光电光谱分析工作,对光电光谱仪有些了解,对于设置和调整出射狭缝有些体会,为互相学习,推进光电光谱分析工作的发展,简单介绍如下:     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...