粘弹性大变形动力响应的有限元分析

本文基于Ｔｏｔａｌ Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ增量叠加方法，采用Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ应力增量和Ｇｒｅｅｎ应变增量表示的动力虚功方程和Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ应力－Ｇｒｅｅｎ应变的单积分型本构关系，导出粘弹性大变形的动力变分方程。依此采用Ｎｅｗｍａｒｋ法和八节点轴对称等参数元与二十节点三维等参数元编制了轴对称及三维问题的动力响应计算程序，典型例题的计算结果表明分析符合结构的物理性质。     

拉格朗日几何非线性混合应变元

本文应用由Ｓｉｍｏ和Ｒｉｆａｉ建议的混合假定附加应变途径，采用第二Ｐｉｏｌａ－Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ应力张量和Ｇｒｅｅｎ－Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ应变张量作能量共轭的应力应变度量，导出了Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ几何非线性下的胡海昌－Ｗａｓｈｉｚｕ三变量变分原理的Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ形式以及相应的混合假定应变元公式。     

空间桁架结构大位移问题的有限元分析方法

本文基于总体拉格朗日坐标描述法,采用Ｋｉｒｃｈｏｆｆ应力张量和Ｇｒｅｅｎ应变张量定义,导出了严格意义下的杆单元增量列式,计算表明本文方法可以有效用于空间桁架结构大位移问题分析。     

任意四边形Reissner—Mindlin板元

提出一种任意四边形Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ－Ｍｉｎｄｌｉｎ板元，挠度和转角均采用分片双线性函数。但剪切应变用它的线性扦值所代替，当板厚趋于零时这对应于Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ条件，因而避免了Ｌｏｃｋｉｎｇ现象。给出数值结果表明该单元的有效性。     

基于Updated Lagrangian法的三维粘弹性大变形问题的有限元分析

本文基于Updated Lagrangian增量迭加方法,采用以现时Kirchhoff应力增量和现时Green应变增量表示的虚功方程和Kirchhoff应力张量-Green应变张量的积分本构关系,导出粘弹性大变形的虚功方程。依此采用二十节点三维立方等参数元编制相应的计算程序。三个算例结果与以往一维、二维的计算结果完全符合。     

以Kirchhoff应力张量-Green应变张量表示本构关系的粘弹性大变形平面问题的有限元法

本文基于Updated Lagrangian增量叠加方法,采用以现时Kirchhoff应力增量和现时Green应变增量表示的虚功方程和Kirchhoff应力-Green应变的积分本构关系,导出粘弹性大变形的变分方程.依此采用八节点二维等参数元编制相应的平面问题的计算程序,算例的计算结果与以往的工作完全符合.     

离散Kirchhoff三角形薄板单元的改进

本文构造了一类改进的离散Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ三角形薄板单元。通过对离散Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ单元能量表达式的分解，发现存在一项不影响单元的收敛，但能控制单元精度的积分－－有关绕Ｚ轴的转动偶的积分。该项在经典薄板理论下是不存在的，但在粗网络下它会对单元的精度产生重要影响。通过合理调整该项在能量泛函中的比例，会使单元的精度得到明显改善。     

大转动梁的几何非线性分析讨论

本文借助Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ（Ｔ．Ｌ．）法、修正的Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ（Ｕ，Ｌ，）法及带有动坐标的迭代法求解梁的几何非线性问题，说明了各自的特点，澄清了若干基本概念。指出动坐标方法实质上就是Ｕ．Ｌ．法，它适合于分析具有大转动梁的问题，并可方便地推广到大转动的板壳问题。同时指出对于几何非线性问题，可以不必区分Ｃａｕｃｈｙ应力和Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ应力。     

Reissner板弯曲问题的摄动域外奇点法

本文用摄动的方法将Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ板的变曲问题转化为一系列Ｋｉｒｃｈｏｆｆ板弯曲问题的叠加,并用后者简单的Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数按域外奇步法求解。数值算例表明,这种算法单且精度高。     

形状记忆合金管接头空间轴对称有限元分析

本文采用形状记忆合金（ＳＭＡ）的三维本构方程和有限变形理论，考虑拉、压不同应力状态对相变点移动的规律，编制了ＳＭＡ轴对称大变形的有限元程序，与单向拉伸下解析所得的应力、应变曲线相比，证实程序的正确性．文末计算一ＳＭＡ管接头，并指出按空间轴对称计算的必要性．     

Evaluation of X-ray sources for quantitative two- and three-dimensional imaging of liquid mass distribution in atomizing sprays

Quantitative measurement of liquid mass distribution is demonstrated in an impinging-jet atomizing spray using a broadband, ∼80 keV X-ray tube source for 2-D radiography and 3-D computed tomography (CT). The accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of these data are evaluated using narrowband, ∼10 keV, synchrotron radiation from the Argonne National Laboratory Advanced Photon Source (APS) at the same flow conditions. It is found that the broadband X-ray tube source can be used for 2-D measurement of the equivalent path length (EPL) and 3-D CT imaging of liquid mass distribution with typical error of 5–10%. Data are compared for cases with and without the use of potassium iodide (KI), which at 15% concentration by mass increases the attenuation coefficient eightfold and enables 2-D and 3-D measurement of EPL with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 5:1 down to 15 μm. At this concentration, the effects of energy-dependent attenuation (i.e., spectral beam hardening) are negligible for EPL up to 5 mm. Hence, the use of broadband X-ray tube sources is feasible for many practical engineering sprays with a dynamic range in EPL of ∼330:1. The advantages and limitations of using broadband and narrowband X-ray sources are discussed, and recommendations for improving performance are presented.     

A 2.5-D dynamic model for a saturated porous medium: Part I. Green’s function

Based on Biot’s theory, the dynamic 2.5-D Green’s function for a saturated porous medium is obtained using the Fourier transform and the potential decomposition methods. The 2.5-D Green’s function corresponds to the solutions for the following two problems: the point force applied to the solid skeleton, and the dilatation source applied within the pore fluid. By performing the Fourier transform on the governing equations for the 3-D Green’s function, the governing differential equations for the two parts of the 2.5-D Green’s function are established and then solved to obtain the dynamic 2.5-D Green’s function. The derived 2.5-D Green’s function for saturated porous media is verified through comparison with the existing solution for 2.5-D Green’s function for the elastodynamic case and the closed-form 3-D Green’s function for saturated porous media. It is further demonstrated that a simple form 2-D Green’s function for saturated porous media can be been obtained using the potential decomposition method.     

风力机叶片的三维非定常气动特性估算

结合动量-叶素理论、非定常空气动力和动态失速模型来计算风力机叶片的二维非定常气动特性,并在此基础上经过适当修正后考虑三维旋转效应的非定常气动特性。分析比较二维和三维两种计算结果,给出更为合理的计算叶片非定常气动特性的方法。计算结果表明,风力机叶片的三维非定常气动特性计算结果与二维时的计算结果相比有较大改善。     

Time-harmonic Green’s functions for anisotropic magnetoelectroelasticity

Two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) time-harmonic Green’s functions for linear magnetoelectroelastic solids are derived in this paper by means of Radon-transform. Displacement field and electric and magnetic potentials in a fully anisotropic magnetoelectroelastic infinite solid due to a time-harmonic point force, point charge and magnetic monopole are obtained in form of line integrals over a unit circle in 2-D case and surface integrals over a unit sphere in 3-D case. This dynamic fundamental solution is then split into the sum of regular dynamic plus singular terms. The singular terms coincide with the Green’s functions for the static problem and may be further reduced to closed form expressions. The proposed Green’s functions can be used in the corresponding boundary element method (BEM) formulation.     

大转动曲边柱壳非线性3-D动力学建模及分析

对曲边柱壳受轴向非均匀内压作用下的大转动几何非线性3-D动力学行为进行了研究.基于Nayfeh and Pai[1]非线性壳体理论,给出了考虑几何非线性的3-D混合型（含内力与位移）动力学模型.为了克服该强非线性模型难以求解的问题,依据分析获得的结构静动态变形关系,采用Lagrange方程推导建立了基于结构静态解的曲边柱壳多自由度3-D动力学方程,并对其进行了线性化与降阶处理,结合差分法获得了一套高效的求解算法.与LS-DYNA有限元结果的吻合,验证了本文方法的正确性.最后分析了单元数和计算时间步分别对有限元模型和本文方法的影响,发现求解精度随着计算时间步的减小不断提高直至趋于稳定.同时对采用本文方法获得的曲边柱壳动态变形模式的分析表明:结构动态响应与其所受内压载荷沿轴向的分布形式关系紧密,可以通过改变或者设计内压轴向分布形式来影响以及控制结构的动态变形模式,从而应用于曲边柱壳结构设计及优化的工程实际中.     

Transient dynamic response analysis of 3-D patterned tire rolling over cleat

Transient dynamic response of a rolling tire impacting with a small cleat is analyzed by an explicit finite element method. A 3-D tire model considering detailed tread blocks is used to accurately simulate the local tire-cleat impact process. The frictional dynamic contact problem is formulated by making use of total Lagrangian scheme and the penalty method. By imposing mass-proportional damping to only the tire parts showing the significant lateral deformation, the dynamic viscosity effect is artificially reflected. Time-history and frequency responses of the dynamic forces exerted on the tire axis are numerically predicted and assessed through the comparison with experimental results. As well as, the effects of the tire rolling speed and the inflation pressure on the transient dynamic response are parametrically investigated.     

The Analysis of Dynamic Stress Intensity Factor for Semi-Circular Surface Crack Using Time-Domain BEM Formulation

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An optimization method designed to improve 3-D vehicle comfort and road holding capability through the use of active and semi-active suspensions

The primary purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of vibrations on the comfort and road holding capability of road vehicles as observed in the variation of different parameters such as suspension coefficients, road disturbances, and the seat position. This study required the development of a mathematical model to simulate the dynamic behavior of a 3-D vehicle. With this model, various types of non-linear suspensions such as active and semi-active suspensions may be investigated. The results obtained from the simulation of the 3-D vehicle demonstrate that the use of active and semi-active suspension models on road vehicles prove to be beneficial for comfort without unduly compromising road holding capability.     

Comparison of slamming and whipping loads by fully coupled hydroelastic analysis and experimental measurement

This paper proposes a numerical method for analyzing whipping using a fully coupled hydroelastic model. The numerical analysis method utilizes a 3-D Rankine panel method, 1-D/3-D finite element methods, and a 2-D generalized Wagner model, which are strongly coupled in the time domain. The computational results were compared with those of a model test of an 18 000-TEU containership. The slamming pressures and whipping responses to regular waves for bow flare and stern slamming were compared. Furthermore, the slamming pressure was decomposed into its dynamic and static components. The numerical and experimental models produced similar results. In addition, the effects of the discretization and geometric approximation of the 2-D slamming sections were investigated.     

Finite element simulations of dynamics of multivariant martensitic phase transitions based on Ginzburg–Landau theory

A finite element approach is suggested for the modeling of multivariant stress-induced martensitic phase transitions (PTs) in elastic materials at the nanoscale for the 2-D and 3-D cases, for quasi-static and dynamic formulations. The approach is based on the phase-field theory, which includes the Ginzburg–Landau equations with an advanced thermodynamic potential that captures the main features of macroscopic stress–strain curves. The model consists of a coupled system of the Ginzburg–Landau equations and the static or dynamic elasticity equations, and it describes evolution of distributions of austenite and different martensitic variants in terms of corresponding order parameters. The suggested explicit finite element algorithm allows decoupling of the Ginzburg–Landau and elasticity equations for small time increments. Based on the developed phase-field approach, the simulation of the microstructure evolution for cubic-tetragonal martensitic PT in a NiAl alloy is presented for quasi-statics (i.e., without inertial forces) and dynamic formulations in the 2-D and 3-D cases. The numerical results show the significant influence of inertial effects on microstructure evolution in single- and polycrystalline samples, even for the traditional problem of relaxation of initial perturbations to stationary microstructure.