离散的SI和SIS传染病模型的研究

为了描述个体的死亡、染病者的恢复以及疾病的传染,引入了相应的概率.基于总种群中个体数量为常数的假设,根据染病者能否恢复分别建立了具有生命动力学的离散SI和SIS传染病模型.所得到的结果显示:它们具有与相应连续模型相同的动力学性态,并确定了各自的阈值.在它们的阈值之下,传染病最终将灭绝;在它们的阈值之上,传染病将会发展成为地方病,染病者的数量将趋向于一确定的正常数.     

高中数学专题研究的一个案例──关于沪闵路─春申路口红绿灯时间设置合理性的研究

一、专题的背景与分析 　　1. 背景 　　闵行区的沪闵路─春申路口是交通特别拥挤的交叉路口之一.家住莘庄地区的同学有一个共同的感受,在他们到校或回家路上必经的沪闵路─春申路口时常遇到塞车现象.……     

报童模型及ARMA预测在航空配餐问题中的应用

航班承载人数的不确定性,造成航空公司在配餐中利润的流失,现存的配餐模式存在较多的浪费.本文利用基于损失厌恶的报童模型和ARMA时间序列分析模型对深圳航空公司某航班的配餐份数进行了建模分析和预测,并通过对两种模型输出的比较,得出了长期预测与短期预测的模型应用理论.将实际的历史数据代人到模型中验证,其结果优于经验模式下的配餐盈利情况.本文所采用的研究方法和研究结果对航空公司的精益发展有建设性的意义.     

巧解一道"牛吃草"问题

"牛吃草"问题又称为消长问题,是17世纪英国伟大的科学家牛顿提出来的.典型牛吃草问题的条件是假设草的生长速度固定不变,不同头数的牛吃光同一片草地所需的天数各不相同,求若干头牛吃这片草地可以吃多少天.由于吃的天数不同,草又是天天在生长的,所以草的存量随吃的天数不断地变化.……     

大钟与六位密码

福尔摩西接到电话的时候正在翻看一本关于城中富翁艾伦王的传奇故事。艾伦王年少时靠贩卖廉价的小闹钟起家,经过几十年的辛勤努力,把自己的事业拓展成了最有名的钟表公司,是本市最有名的富翁。艾伦王年纪已经很大了,身体也不好。他的儿女众多,但是他们和艾伦王的关系并不融洽。大家都猜测他们对艾伦王的财富虎视眈眈。"喂,福尔摩西吗?"约翰焦急的声音从电话那头传过来。"是我。"福尔摩西回应道。     

Drucker-Prager准则可靠度解析

视岩体强度参数为正态分布随机变量,以可靠度理论为基础,推导了Drucker-Prager准则可靠度判别的解析表达式,并通过Monte-Carlo法和一次可靠度方法验证了其正确性.应用所得到的公式分析了岩体强度参数的变异性对屈服准则判别结果的影响.结果表明,强度参数的变异性对Drucker-Prager准则可靠概率的影响程度不尽相同,在变异系数较大的情况下,它们对可靠概率的影响显著,不可忽略.为岩体屈服的可靠度判别提供了一条新思路.     

导数在高考命题中的"五大"热点

导数作为大学的重要内容,进入中学数学教材后,给传统的内容注入了生机与活力,为中学数学命题的研究提供了新视角,新方法.由于导数是研究函数性质的一个很好的工具,它的用途十分广泛,它在解决函数、不等式、解析几何等问题有独到的功能.因此,近几年的高考正逐年加大对导数问题的考查力度,本文通过对07年全国各地高考题的整理和分析寻找命题规律,希望能对今后的教学提供一点复习思路.……     

股票收益率和新息的尾部估计

利用极值理论来考虑上证综指收益率的尾部.为了选择合理的超越门限,采用平均剩余函数和De-Haan矩估计相结合的方法.在学生t分布和广义误差分布的新患假设下,用GARCH和EGARCH新息的ARMA模型拟合指数收益率,并且使用极值理论的极大似然方法估计模型残差的尾指,估计结果表明收益率的尾指和模型的残差尾指基本一致.     

神奇的骰子

骰子在许多游戏中出现,特别是赌博游戏,当中蕴含了丰富的数学知识,引起了许多数学爱好者们的关注和研究.一个普通的骰子是正六面体,它的六个面分别为数字1,2,3,4,5,6,还有许多不同的骰子、不同的玩法,充满了神奇,但神奇的骰子背后离不开数学知识的支撑.本文将介绍三     

也谈立体几何中的轨迹问题——从一道调考试题说起

2010-2011学年度武汉市部分学校新高三起点调研测试的一道试题引起了我的注意.原题如下: 在正四面体P-ABC中,M为△ABC内(含边界)一动点,且点M到三个侧面PAB,PBC,PCA的距离成等差数列,则点M的轨迹是 A.一条线段 B.椭圆的一部分 C.双曲线的一部分 D.抛物线的一部分     

Boundary-Value Problems of the Theory of Thin and Nonthin Orthotropic Shells with Account of Nonlinearly Elastic Properties and Low Shear Rigidity of Composite Materials

The basic geometric and physical relations and resolving equations of the theory of thin and nonthin orthotropic composite shells with account of nonlinear properties and low shear rigidity of their materials are presented. They are derived based on two theories, namely the theory of anisotropic shells employing the Timoshenko or Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis and the nonlinear theory of elasticity and plasticity of anisotropic media in combination with the Lagrange variational principle. The procedure and algorithm for the numerical solution of nonlinear (linear) problems are based on the method of successive approximations, the difference-variational method, and the Lagrange multiplier method. Calculations of the stress-strain state for a spherical shell with a circular opening loaded with internal pressure are presented. The effect of transverse shear strains and physical nonlinearity of the material on the distribution of maximum deflections and circumferential stresses in the shell, obtained according to two variants of the shell theories, is studied. A comparison of the results of the problem solution in linear and nonlinear statements with and without account of the shell shear strains is given. The numerical data obtained for thin and nonthin (medium thick) composite shells are analyzed.     

RECENT PROGRESS ON SPHERICAL HARMONIC APPROXIMATION MADE BY BNU RESEARCH GROUP ——In memory of Professor Sun Yongsheng

As early as in 1990, Professor Sun Yongsheng, suggested his students at Beijing Normal University to consider research problems on the unit sphere. Under his guidance and encouragement his students started the research on spherical harmonic analysis and approximation. In this paper, we incompletely introduce the main achievements in this area obtained by our group and relative researchers during recent 5 years （2001-2005）. The main topics are： convergence of Cesaro summability, a.e. and strong summability of Fourier-Laplace series; smoothness and K-functionals; Kolmogorov and linear widths.     

A system-theoretic model for cooperation, interaction and allocation

A system-theoretic approach to cooperation, interaction and allocation is presented that simplifies, unifies and extends the results on classical cooperative games and their generalizations. In particular, a general Weber theory of linear values is obtained and a new theory for local cooperation and general interaction indices is established. The model is dynamic and based on the notion of states of cooperation that change under actions of agents. Careful distinction between “local” states of cooperation and general “system” states leads to a notion of entropy for arbitrary non-negative and efficient allocations and thus to a new information-theoretic criterion for fairness of allocation mechanisms. Shapley allocations, for instance, are exhibited as arising from random walks with maximal entropy. For a large class of cooperation systems, a characterization of game symmetries in terms of λ-values is given. A concept for cores and Weber sets is proposed and it is shown that a Weber set of a game with selection structure always contains the core.     

Nonlinear and Geometric Programming – Current Status

Great strides have been made in nonlinear programming (NLP) in the last 5 years. In smooth NLP, there are now several reliable and efficient codes capable of solving large problems. Most of these implement GRG or SQP methods, and new software using interior point algorithms is under development. NLP software is now much easier to use, as it is interfaced with many modeling systems, including MSC/NASTRAN, and ANSYS for structural problems, GAMS and AMPL for general optimization, Matlab and Mathcad for general mathematical problems, and the widely used Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. For mixed integer problems, branch and bound and outer approximation codes are now available and are coupled to some of the above modeling systems, while search methods like Tabu Search and Genetic algorithms permit combinatorial, nonsmooth, and nonconvex problems to be attacked.     

A 3D modeling of static and forward smoldering combustion in a packed bed of materials

A three-dimensional (3D) model based on the first principles of mass, momentum and energy was developed that numerically simulates the processes of static and forward smoldering in a porous packed bed of plant materials. The packed bed contains cellulose material or tobacco (cigarette) wrapped in a porous paper and surrounded by an ambient air. Other major characteristics of the model are including the effects of buoyancy forces in the flow field, separate treatment of solid and gas in a thermally non-equilibrium environment, and use of multi-precursor kinetic models for the pyrolysis of staring material and oxidation of char. The changes in porosity due to pyrolysis and char oxidation and the effect of porosity on the bed permeability and gas diffusivity are included. The mass, momentum, energy, and species transport equations are solved in a discretized computational domain using a commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The simulation results show that the model reasonably reproduces the major features of a burning cigarette during smoldering and puffing and are in a good agreement with the existing experimental results for cigarettes. Results include the velocity profiles, gas and solid temperatures, coal shape, burn rates, profile and transport of gas and vapor species throughout the packed bed, dilution through the wrapper paper and ventilation in the filter section, and the mass fraction of some pyrolysis and oxidation products in the mainstream and sidestream flows.     

Some recurrence formulas for box splines and cone splines

A degree elevation formula for multivariate simplex splines was given by Micchelli and extended to hold ]or multivariate Dirichlet splines in [8]. We report similar formulae for multivariate cone splines and box splsplines andines. To this end, we utilize a relation due to Dahmen and Micchelli that connects box cone splines and a degree reduction formulagiven by Cohen, Lyche, and Riesenfeld in [2].     

复杂装备研制协调超网络均衡与实现路径

复杂装备研制主体间呈现社会关系、合作关系、协调关系等网络关系,并且相互影响相互作用,其影响复杂装备研制的重要参数。为有效描述在资源环境约束下制造商和供应商的关系,探讨复杂装备研制协调机理与实现路径,本文利用超网络方法,设计了相互影响、相互作用的社会关系网络、协调网络和合作网络的复杂装备研制协调超网络,并将社会关系水平、协调度和合作水平作为超网络的3个决策变量,建立基于关系价值最大、协调成本最低、协调风险最小、合作收益最大、合作风险最小和成本最小等不同偏好下的多目标最优决策模型,构建了复杂装备研制超网络均衡模型,并利用其探讨超网络均衡和实现路径。     

CFD modeling of hydrodynamic characteristics of a gas–liquid two-phase stirred tank

A three-dimensional CFD model was developed in this work to simulate hydrodynamic characteristics of a gas–liquid two-phase stirred tank with two six-bladed turbines and four baffles, coupling of the Multiple Size Group model to determine bubble size distribution. Important hydrodynamic parameters of the multi-phase system such as volume-averaged overall and time-averaged local gas holdups and axial liquid velocities along time and transversal courses were simulated and analyzed in detail, under varied operating conditions (inlet air flow rate and impeller rotation speed). Model predictions of local transient gas holdup and liquid velocity distributions on vertical and horizontal sections of the tank were also carried out. The overall flow patterns were discussed in detail to assess the mixing. Bubble size distributions were further predicted to reveal the unique properties of gas phase. Experimental measurements of overall gas holdups and local axial liquid velocities were used to validate the developed model.     

The dynamics of athletic performance,fitness and fatigue

We provide a mathematical dynamic model of athletic performance, fitness and fatigue based on the two well-known principles ‘train to failure’ and ‘use it or lose it’. The anabolic and catabolic processes are modelled with differential equations. Fitness is defined as muscle fitness. We model the work power of any muscle or set of muscles, and the muscle's maximum work power. Parameters are estimated and we present analytical and numerical results. The relationships between performance, fitness and fatigue are demonstrated for various activity scenarios. For example, the model quantifies the exact manner in which the optimal rest period can be determined to maximize the performance on a given day. The model provides realistic predictions, and constitutes a powerful tool which describes the processes by which performance, fitness and fatigue can be regulated and controlled.     

Mathematical literacy in undergraduates: role of gender,emotional intelligence and emotional self-efficacy

This empirical study explores the roles that Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Emotional Self-Efficacy (ESE) play in undergraduates’ mathematical literacy, and the influence of EI and ESE on students’ attitudes towards and beliefs about mathematics. A convenience sample of 93 female and 82 male first-year undergraduates completed a test of mathematical literacy, followed by an online survey designed to measure the students’ EI, ESE and factors associated with mathematical literacy. Analysis of the data revealed significant gender differences. Males attained a higher mean test score than females and out-performed the females on most of the individual questions and the associated mathematical tasks. Overall, males expressed greater confidence in their mathematical skills, although both males’ and females’ confidence outweighed their actual mathematical proficiency. Correlation analyses revealed that males and females attaining higher mathematical literacy test scores were more confident and persistent, exhibited lower levels of mathematics anxiety and possessed higher mathematics qualifications. Correlation analyses also revealed that in male students, aspects of ESE were associated with beliefs concerning the learning of mathematics (i.e. that intelligence is malleable and that persistence can facilitate success), but not with confidence or actual performance. Both EI and ESE play a greater role with regard to test performance and attitudes/beliefs regarding mathematics amongst female undergraduates; higher EI and ESE scores were associated with higher test scores, while females exhibiting higher levels of ESE were also more confident and less anxious about mathematics, believed intelligence to be malleable, were more persistent and were learning goal oriented. Moderated regression analyses confirmed mathematics anxiety as a negative predictor of test performance in males and females, but also revealed that in females EI and ESE moderate the effects of anxiety on test performance, with the relationship between anxiety and test performance linked more to emotional management (EI) than to ESE.