湖南省城市和山区长寿老人体质对比分析

采用随机对照方法对长沙市区和湖南省边远山区长寿老人（３４４名）及６０～６９岁老年人（２５６名）的身高、指距、体重、胸围、腹围、胸围指数、体重指数和体质指数测定并对比分析。两地区长寿组各值均较６０～６９岁组降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或ｏ．０１），６０～６９岁组城市测定值均高于山区（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１），长寿组城市和山区各测定值差别基本消失（Ｐ＞０．０５）。就城市和山区老年人衰老进度的差异、长寿者的体质特点和地区差异问题进行了讨论。     

城市和山区长寿老人生活质量影响因素比较分析（五）

对长沙市区１５１例、湖南西部山区１９３例９０岁以上长寿老人，在分例评定其生活质量基础上，就其影响生活质量的７３项因素，通过多元线性逐步回归分析处理。结论大同小异，而“坚持活动、处世乐观和无重要器质性疾病＂三条，为两地长寿老人所共有，认为上述三条是影响老年人生活质量的关键因素；而长期坚持适量活动既是保持高龄阶段具有独立生活能力、又是山区长寿老人体质优于市区寿星的重要原因。     

城市和山区长寿老人血液生理值对比分析

报道长沙市区和湘西自治州山区2组90岁以上长寿老人(长寿组126例)及60～69岁老人(对照组132例)几项血液生理值对比分析结果,各值基本在正常范围。长寿组间比较:山区胆固醇、甘油三酯值高于市区,血清白蛋白、A/G及尿素氮值低于市区(P<0.05～0.01)。长寿组与对照组比较:市区各值2组间呈现明显增龄改变,山区2组这种差异不显著,因此,认为山区长寿组随增龄所致衰老进度较市区长寿组缓慢。     

城市和山区长寿老年人心电图的对比分析

长沙市区和湘西自治州山区长寿老年人１４８例及老年人（６０－６９岁）９０例体表心电图比较分析结果表明：长寿组心电图异常检出率为９５．３％，市区高于山区，其中心律失常为４２．６％，左室高电压为４２．６％，传导阻滞为３７．８％，Ｑ－Ｔ延长者为５１．７％；老年组心电图异常检出率为４６．７％，市区与山区比较无显著性差异。     

城市和山区寿老人生活质量影响因素比较分析（五）

对长沙市区１５１例、湖南西部地区１９３例９０岁以上长寿老人，在分例评定其生活质量基础上，就其影响生活质量的７３例因素，通过多元线性逐步回归分析处理，结论大同小异，而“坚持活动、处世乐观和无重要器质疾病”三条，为两地长寿老所共有。认为上述三条是影响老年人生活质量的关键因素；而长期坚持适量活动既是保持高龄阶段具有独立生活能力、又是山区长寿老人体质优于市区寿量的重要原因。     

城市和山区长寿老人几项衰老体征比较

城市和山区长寿老人几项衰老体征比较周丽红，朱志明，赵国祥，周永生，欧琼对比分析长沙市区及湖南边远山区（含湘西自治州和平江县）长寿老人３４４例和对照组２５６例的几项衰老体征的检查结果，以探讨其与增龄的关系。对象与方法采取随机抽样方法，按１９９０年人口４...     

影响寿命和健康的流行病学问题

影响寿命和健康的流行病学问题朱志明自１９８０年起，长沙市老年医学研究所与有关单位协作，采用综合考察、配比调查、年龄组序比较、纵向研究等方法，共完成２９６０例６０岁以上老年人调查，其中包括９０岁以上长寿老人（下称长寿老人）９０２例（含１００岁以上１７５...     

北京市254例一般长寿老年人体质分析

本文通过对北京市254例90岁以上长寿老人的体质分析,着重从体格测量、评定的角度,研究长寿老人的体质特点,同时也为我国长寿老人的人体测量学补充一些参考数据。对象和方法本组调查对象为长期居住在北京市西城、海淀两个区的90岁以上“一般长寿老     

344例长寿老人眉毫、耳毫、耳长、寿斑及手掌生命线的调查检测

目的 探讨民间传说眉毫、耳毫、耳长、寿斑及手掌生命线与长寿的关系。方法 对３３４例长寿年人及２５６例６０～６９岁对照组采用统一方法测定上述各项指标并进行对比分析。结果 有眉毫、耳毫和长寿老人分别只占２７．３％、９．３％；长寿组耳长长于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５），面部寿斑多于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），但两者均以增龄有关；手掌生命线深而长者长寿组与对照组比较无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论 眉毫，耳毫，耳长     

长沙市区和湖南边远山区长寿老人日常活动能力的对比分析(二)

以“是否具有日常生活能力”作为衡量高龄期老人生活质量标准。对城市和山区90岁以上长寿老人344例通过Fr?hay生活量表、24小时安排量表、活动生活能力量表及EPESE体能量表四项检测评分结果表明:两组长寿老人中48.8％有日常生活能力,25.3％需要帮助,25.9％丧失生活能力。四项量表得分优良率山区高于城市,男性高于女性(P<0.05)。结果表明,适量的体力活动,有助于保持代谢平衡,防止功能衰退,对提高日常生活能力具有重要意义。     

How common are epileptic seizures in old age?

A large primary-care computerized database was searched to determine the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in old age compared with the general population. The prevalence of subjects with a diagnosis of epileptic seizures was higher in older age groups: 10.9/1000 for sexagenarians, 12.0 for septuagenarians and 13.1 for those over 80, compared with 9.0/1000 in the overall population. The overall prevalence in subjects aged over 60 was 11.8. Annual incidence rose even more sharply in old age: 76/100,000 for sexagenarians, 147 for septuagenarians, and 159 for those over 80, compared with an overall population incidence of 69/100,000. The overall incidence in subjects over 60 was 117. Of incident cases requiring treatment, 35.5% were over 60 years old. Our findings are in keeping with other recent epidemiological studies and in part reflect the age-associated increase in the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease. They have implications for the organization of services for elderly people, for the education of general practitioners and hospital doctors and for directing epilepsy research.     

老年人人格特质的发展特点及相关因素研究

目的 研究当前我国老年人人格特质的发展特点及相关因素，为指导老年期的社会适应提供心理学的理论依据。方法 采用卡特尔16种人格因素问卷调查。结果 （1）不同年龄组老年人的16种人格因素大多数差异不显著，只有N项和O项差异比较显著。其中N项随老年人年龄增加而均分逐渐降低；O项为60－69岁年龄组老年人均分最高。（2）老年人16种人格因素中A、H、N、Q1、Q2等项性别差异显著：A、B、F、H、I、Q1、Q2、Q3等项职业差异显著；A、C、F、I、L、O等项居住模式差异显著。结论 当前我国老年人的人格因素较为稳定，对其变化发展影响较明显的因素主要为性别、职业及居住模式等。     

Health,frailty and disability after ninety: Results of an observational study in France

BackgroundIn spite of their increasing demographic weight, health characteristics of the oldest old remain poorly described in epidemiological studies.ObjectiveTo describe the health of people aged 70 years and over included in the SIPAF study, and to compare the prevalence of health indicators including successful aging, frailty, and disability between three age groups including the oldest old.MethodsThe study population is composed of 2350 retired people recruited between 2008 and 2010, of whom 512 are aged 90 and over (21.8%). A comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed at home by trained nurses. The prevalence of health and functional indicators, as well as the distribution of people among successful ageing, frailty, and disability, were described by age group (70–79, 80–89, 90+) and sex.ResultsCompared to their younger counterparts, people aged 90 years and over were more likely to experience functional limitations, sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, poor mood, and frailty. One third of the nonagenarians needed help in at least one basic activity of daily living and 25% met the frailty criteria. In contrast, the prevalence of most chronic diseases did not increase after ninety. Successful ageing concerned 9% of the oldest old. Women were less likely to experience successful ageing and more likely to be frail or dependent.ConclusionThis study shows the diversity of health states in very old age and points out that one quarter of the people aged 90 and over said frail are likely to take advantage of preventive actions of disability.     

p16基因甲基化与156例广西巴马壮族老人长寿的关系

目的探讨p16基因甲基化与人类长寿的关系。方法应用甲基化特异性PCR技术对巴马156例(年龄90～105岁,平均93.2岁,长寿组)健康壮族长寿老人和142例健康壮族成年人(年龄20～72岁,平均34.8岁,对照组)的p16基因甲基化状况进行分析,分析该基因甲基化在长寿组和对照组之间的差异及其与长寿的关系。结果长寿组p16基因甲基化明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论巴马壮族长寿老人p16基因甲基化程度明显降低。     

Activity patterns in very old people: a survey of cognitively intact subjects aged 90 years or older.

AIM: to measure activity patterns in very old people, the factors related to this and the association of different types of activity with well-being. METHODS: a study of 105 people, aged 90 years or older, who were not cognitively impaired, living in Stockholm. The activities carried out during the previous day were recorded and each activity was rated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: the degrees of intellectual, social and physical activity are independent of each other. Very elderly people tended to have variable but relatively low activity levels over a day. Good health and not moving home were associated with greater intellectual activity. Extraversion and negative life events (such as death of close friend or family member) were associated with greater social activity, while relatively younger age and better health were associated with greater physical activity. There was positive association between physical activity and well-being.     

影响云南高原山区人群血防健康素养部分因素分析

目的  了解云南高原山区血吸虫病流行区居民血防健康素养水平的影响因素。 方法  对鹤庆县金墩乡高原峡谷型血吸虫病流行区西甸和磨光2个行政村6~65岁居民采用随机抽样的方法开展问卷调查,了解掌握血防知识、防治态度、防治行为的水平和程度。对调查对象采用IHA进行检查,了解其血吸虫感染情况。 结果  无血吸虫病史居民防治行为正确率高于有血吸虫病史居民,无病史居民做到圈养家畜占调查人数的比例高于有病史居民;知道接触疫水会感染血吸虫病的人数占调查人数的比例以≤1 500元人群为高,知道牛可以传播血吸虫病人数占调查人数的比例以≥3000元人群为高;能够对家畜进行圈养人数占调查人数的比例以≥3000元人群为高;知道血吸虫病、牛可以传播血吸虫病、血吸虫病对健康有害的人数占调查人数的比例均以初中及以上人群为高;今年没有放牧过牛羊和今年接触过河流、水沟或田地里的水的人数占调查人数的比例以初中及以上人群为高,今年曾经在田地里种过菜或割过草的人数占调查人数的比例以小学文化人群为高;认为血吸虫病可以预防的人数占调查人数的比例以初中及以上人群为高;曾有血吸虫病病史的人数占调查人数的比例以不识字人群为高。 结论  社会经济文化水平对鹤庆县高原山区血吸虫病流行区居民的健康素养有一定的影响,今后如何做到防治策略和措施与社会经济发展同步,是血吸虫病流行区在制定策略和措施时必须认真探索的问题。     

Perceptions of Aging in Two Cultures: Korean and American Views on Old Age

The current study investigated whether beliefs about aging vary by culture, age, and gender. The Lasher and Faulkender (Int. J. Aging Hum. Dev., 37:247–259, 1993) Anxiety about Aging scale was administered to 153 American and 167 South Korean men and women divided into three age groups: young (18–39), middle-aged (40–59), and older (60–91) adults. Significant cultural differences were found for the total anxiety scale and three of the four subscales. Compared to Americans, Koreans portrayed higher overall levels of anxiety about aging, and greater fear of old people, psychological concerns, and concerns over physical appearance. For Koreans, younger adults had greater fear of old people, whereas among Americans, older adults had greater fear of old people. In both cultures, the older adults had greater psychological concerns and fear of losses than did the younger groups, and American women showed more anxiety about aging and concerns over physical appearance than their male counterparts. Results are discussed in relation to aging in different cultural contexts.     

Age-related patterns in social networks among European Americans and African Americans: implications for socioemotional selectivity across the life span.

Socioemotional selectivity theory contends that as people become increasingly aware of limitations on future time, they are increasingly motivated to be more selective in their choice of social partners, favoring emotionally meaningful relationships over peripheral ones. The theory hypothesizes that because age is negatively associated with time left in life, the social networks of older people contain fewer peripheral social partners than those of their younger counterparts. This study tested the hypothesis among African Americans and European Americans, two ethnic groups whose social structural resources differ. Findings confirm the hypothesis. Across a wide age range (18 to 94 years old) and among both ethnic groups, older people report as many emotionally close social partners but fewer peripheral social partners in their networks as compared to their younger counterparts. Moreover, a greater percentage of very close social partners in social networks is related to lower levels of happiness among the young age group, but not among the older age groups. Implications of findings for adaptive social functioning across the life span are discussed.     

Age differences and changes of coping behavior in three age groups: findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study

With increasing age, older adults are more likely to be challenged by an increasing number of physical, functional and social losses. As a result, coping with losses becomes a central theme in very late life. This study investigated age differences and age changes in active behavioral, active cognitive and avoidance coping and related coping to adaptational outcomes, such as physical and mental health. Sixty-one sexagenarians, 46 octogenarians, and 47 centenarians from the Georgia Centenarian Study participated in this longitudinal study to assess coping with health and family events. The results indicated age group differences in active behavioral coping, suggesting that centenarians were less likely to use this mode of coping. Centenarians and octogenarians were also more likely to experience decreases in active behavioral coping over time, while sexagenarians were more likely to experience increases in this coping mode. No significant differences in coping with health versus family events were obtained suggesting that coping is consistent across life domains. Moderate levels of stability were obtained for coping in all age groups. Active behavioral and active cognitive coping predicted functional health, active behavioral coping predicted social relations, and avoidance coping predicted negative affect.     

Fall prevalence,time trend and its related risk factors among elderly people in China

ObjectivesTo study the fall prevalence, time trends and related risk factors among elderly people in the Chinese mainland from 2011 to 2013.MethodsOur data were from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011 and 2013. The population sample included people aged 60 years and over. Whether the person had experienced fall accident in the last two years was used to measure fall incidence. The time trend and age groups were investigated through the chi-square test. The related risk factors were examined based on the binary logistic regression model.ResultsIn 2011, 19.64% (95% CI, 18.66%, 20.67%) of elderly people experienced fall incidents and in 2013, 19.28% (95% CI, 18.46%, 20.13%) of elderly people experienced fall incidents. However, no significant difference was seen in the fall prevalence between 2011 and 2013. The fall prevalence among elderly people aged 66–70 declined significantly while that among people aged over 80 showed an increasing time trend. The fall prevalence was affected significantly by factors including age (66–70), gender, marital status, self-rated health, quantity of chronic diseases, quantity of disability items, activities of daily living and physical functioning.ConclusionsIt is revealed the fall prevalence showed no increment from 2011 to 2013 but at a high level. More efforts should be made to reduce the fall prevalence, and special attention should be paid to the elderly people aged over 80 and older.