掺镧多孔TiO2纳米晶表面电子结构与能量转换机制

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备多孔掺镧纳米晶二氧化钛样品. 结合光声与表面光伏技术, 研究样品的光声和表面光伏特性. 分析认为, 掺镧后在表面上富集的La-O-Ti化合物形成的施主态活性中心吸附氧和H2O分子后生成的活性氧和羟基, 导致了吸附表面光激发电荷转移跃迁的催化光反应(sensitized photoreaction)机制. 实验证实, 适当的镧掺杂不仅可以增强样品的表面光伏特性, 而且可以有效地抑制非辐射跃迁的发生, 提高光量子效率. 实验在指认与样品非辐射退激有关的电荷转移跃迁过程的同时, 证实非辐射跃迁过程与样品表面是否生成活性氧和羟基活性中心无关.     

纳米晶二氧化钛光声与表面光伏特性

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛纳米晶粉末. 结合光声和表面光伏技术对样品表面态性质和光诱导电荷输运特性进行研究. 结果表明, 纳米晶TiO2样品在波长为380 nm 处出现的表面光伏响应与锐钛矿型TiO2的表面电子结构有关, 属于带鄄带电荷转移跃迁;随着样品粒径的减小, 在2.38 eV 能级处形成一个具有明显受体特征的表面电子态; 依据样品光声效应和表面光伏效应之间的能量互补关系发现, 尽管随着样品平均粒径的减小无辐射跃迁产生的光声信号增强, 但是适当提高样品中金红石的相对含量, 可以显著减少样品表面无辐射跃迁的成分, 提高光量子效率.     

介孔掺镧纳米晶TiO2瞬态光伏与表面光声特性

结合瞬态光伏与表面光声技术, 研究介孔掺镧nano-TiO2光生载流子分离与复合过程及其能量转换机制. 结果表明: 锐钛矿中两种不同光伏特性的缺陷态具有光生载流子扩散距离短, 复合速度快的特点; 镧掺杂增加体缺陷态对于光伏效应的贡献, 但在某种程度上抑制主带隙的电荷分离; 模板剂种类对于主带隙电子-空穴对的分离与复合过程, 以及亚带隙无辐射跃迁引起的晶格振动均有显著的影响. 结果证实了样品表面光声与瞬态光伏现象之间存在明显的能量互补关系.     

介孔掺镧纳米晶TiO_2瞬态光伏与表面光声特性

结合瞬态光伏与表面光声技术,研究介孔掺镧nano-TiO2光生载流子分离与复合过程及其能量转换机制.结果表明:锐钛矿中两种不同光伏特性的缺陷态具有光生载流子扩散距离短,复合速度快的特点;镧掺杂增加体缺陷态对于光伏效应的贡献,但在某种程度上抑制主带隙的电荷分离;模板剂种类对于主带隙电子-空穴对的分离与复合过程,以及亚带隙无辐射跃迁引起的晶格振动均有显著的影响.结果证实了样品表面光声与瞬态光伏现象之间存在明显的能量互补关系.     

掺杂纳米晶铁酸盐表面电子重组能与光伏特性的关系

通过表面光伏（SPV）和电场诱导表面光伏(EFISPV)技术，以光量子激发空间电荷区内电荷的转移跃迁作为电子探针，测定纳米晶铁酸镧样品中掺杂锶前后表面光电阈值的变化.结果发现，在相同的敏感气体环境下，与纳米晶铁酸镧样品相比，掺杂的纳米晶铁酸锶镧的光电阈值显著降低，表现出更加明显的表面效应.提出利用掺杂前后样品阈值能量的改变，定量计算掺杂样品表面电子重组能的方法.分析并讨论产生上述表面电子重组能的主要原因.     

纳米ZnO光伏特性分析

利用表面光电压谱(SPS)和瞬态光伏(TRP)技术研究了纳米ZnO的光生电荷行为, 发现TRP曲线时域为10^-9~10^-7和10^-6~10^-3 s时样品的SPS在320~380 nm处出现光伏响应, 时域为10^-3~10^-1 s时样品的SPS在380~420 nm处出现光伏响应. 这3个时域分别对应着纳米晶本征响应、 晶间电荷转移和纳米晶表面态电荷捕获等过程. 光生电荷密度足够大或受外部电场影响时在300~320 nm区间也出现光伏响应.     

CeO2纳米晶的光伏特性和量子尺寸效应

对制备的ＣｅＯ２纳米晶进行了反射吸收光谱研究，对其在３００－４５０ｎｍ的宽带吸收指认为Ｏ２ｐ→Ｃｅ４ｆ电荷转移跃迁，发现这个吸收带随着样品粒径变小而红移，利用表面光电压谱方法和场调制表面光电压谱方法不同粒径的ＣｅＯ２纳米晶的光伏特性进行了研究。并对吸收谱带进行了解析。当样品粒径达到纳米尺寸时，在ＣｅＯ２价带上大约０．９ｅＶ处明显地形成一个新能带。这个能带具有较强的定域性，在相应的跃迁的过程中产生具     

钇(Ⅲ)、铽(Ⅲ)、铒(Ⅲ)对氨基苯甲酸配合物共掺杂二氧化硅的光声光谱研究

合成了Tb(p-ABA)₃·H₂O和Ln(p-ABA)₃·H₂O(p-ABA: 对氨基苯甲酸, Ln: Y或Er)配合物共掺杂的SiO₂样品. 荧光光谱测定结果表明, Y(p-ABA)₃·H₂O的引入增强了样品中Tb³⁺离子的特征发光, 而Er(p-ABA)₃·H₂O的引入使Tb³⁺的发光减弱. 光声光谱结果表明, 与Tb³⁺配合物单掺的样品相比, Tb³⁺和Y³⁺配合物共掺样品的光声强度降低; 而Tb³⁺和Er³⁺配合物共掺的样品则情况相反. 实验测定了共掺杂样品的相对量子发光效率和发光寿命, 从无辐射跃迁和辐射跃迁的角度提出共发光效应可能的机制. 结合对室温下陈化干燥样品的分析发现, 只有经适当的热处理过程才能在SiO₂凝胶中形成具有多核结构的稀土配合物.     

Nd2O3纳米晶谱带特征和光伏响应的研究

利用紫外－可见反射光谱对不同粒径的Ｎｄ２Ｏ３纳米晶进行了光吸收特性研究。对其谱带的认证发现，随着样品粒径的变小，部分ｆ→ｆ跃迁的窄带明显增宽并发生红移；另外，在３００～５５０ｎｍ区的边带显著增强。指认这个边带为Ｏ２ｐ→Ｎｄ４ｆ的荷移跃迁。利用表面光电压谱及场调制表面光电压谱对其光伏响应特性、谱带归属及界面电子行为进行了研究，并借助于电荷转移和带间跃迁的概念解释了Ｎｄ２Ｏ３纳米晶谱图的特征。     

Er2O3纳米晶光伏特性及谱带解析

纳米做教是介于体相材料和分子或原子之间的新型材料，表现出许多超常的电、热、光、磁及催化的特性，因此引起人们高度的重视［1，2］．目前对其光学、磁学、力学和比热等研究已有大量的报导[3]．但是，对于稀土氧化物纳米材料的合成及性质的研究，尤其对它们的电学性质、电子输运方式和光电行为报导较少.本文利用表面光电压谱（SPS）技术对不同粒径的Er2O3纳米晶进行了表面光伏特性的研究，并结合漫反射吸收光谱对其谱带进行了解析，发现，除f→f跃迁外，在300～550nm区间有一定吸收边带，此带可归属于O2p→Er4f电荷转移跃迁．随着样品…     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。