河北省承德林区莱姆病血清学初步调查

河北省承德地处我国华北农牧区和东北林区的交界处,有多种适合莱姆病生存的环境,为查明该地区是否有莱姆病的感染,于2002年6月对承德围场塞罕坝机械林场林区进行了莱姆病血清流行病学调查。     

甘肃省甘南部分地区家畜中蜱传疾病复合感染血清流行病学调查

蜱作为媒介昆虫可以携带多种病原微生物的特点~([1]);土拉弗菌、Q热立克次体、莱姆病螺旋体感染是重要蜱传疾病~([2-4]).为了解上述3种疾病在家畜中的感染状况及人群感染的可能性,本研究在什肃省甘南地区进行了调查.     

小兴安岭部分林区莱姆病血清流行病学调查

目的了解小兴安岭部分林区莱姆病在人群中的流行和感染状况。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测598例小兴安岭林区人群的菜姆病抗体水平,对血清菜姆病抗体IgG阳性者进行流行病学调查。结果血清流行病学调查显示:598例调查人群中,莱姆病抗体IgG总阳性率为33.9%,滨南林场感染率最高,达35.7%,其次为罕达汽,感染率为35.6%,七二七最低,为30.5%;男性血清262份,女性血清236份,莱姆病抗体IgG阳性率分别为34.3%与33.4%;年龄分组,莱姆病抗体IgG阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),40~49岁年龄段感染率最高,为37.2%;患病人群血清119份,莱姆病抗体IgG阳性率为50.4%,明显高于调查人群莱姆病抗体IgG总阳性率。结论小兴安岭林区是莱姆病的重要自然疫源地,林区人群莱姆病的感染相当严重,应引起重视。     

闽北林区莱姆病血清流行病学调查

80年代中期,我国证实东北某些林区存在莱姆病,而且发病率较高,但南方调查较少。邵武市地处福建省北部山区,是主要林区之一。1990年5月,我们通过人群莱姆病抗体检测以及流行病学调查,证实人群中存在莱姆病感染。     

广东省1992年莱姆病调查结果

莱姆病(Lyme disease)最初由Steere 于 1975年在美国康涅狄格州莱姆镇发现,Burgdorfer和Barbour于1982年分离出莱姆病病原体—伯氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia Burgdorf-eri)。80年代中期我国证实东北某些林区存在该病,且发病率较高。但南方调查较少,连平、和平、龙川地处广东省北部山区,又是主要林区之一,最近我们通过人群莱姆病血清抗体检测,证实人群中存在莱姆病感染,现报告如下:     

新疆沙湾林场莱姆病血清流行病学调查

目的：调查新疆沙湾林区人群莱姆病感染情况。方法：采用间接免疫荧光抗体法（IFAT）和蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot)检测沙湾林区居民血清抗莱姆病螺旋体抗体（IgG)。结果：沙湾林区是莱姆病高感染区，人群血清抗莱姆病螺旋体抗体（IgG)阳性率为16.1%(37/230)，各年龄组间、哈族与汉族间的差异无显著性。结论：新疆沙湾林区人群中存在较高的莱姆病感染。可能是莱姆病的流行区之一。     

广西乐业县林区莱姆病螺旋体分离及鉴定

为查明广西地区莱姆病的传播媒介以及是否存在B.valaisiana之外基因型莱姆病螺旋体,于2004年在乐业县林区进行了调查,现将调查结果报道如下.     

山东省莱姆病调查研究

本文于1990～1991年在山东省境内6个县(市)林区及山区首次进行了莱姆病血清学调查,结果证实省内部分林区及山区人群中存在莱姆病感染。经个案流行病学调查,结合血清学及临床症状,共确诊典型病人19例。山区及平原林区均存在和发生莱姆病患者,各年龄组间莱姆病感染无显著性差别(P>0.05)。     

桦甸市林区人群莱姆病流行状况调查

桦甸市林区人群莱姆病流行状况调查阎荣久，全毓文，姬文贤（吉林省桦甸市卫生防疫站１３２４００）为了解我市林区人群莱姆病流行状况，我们于１９９３年５月对红石林区部分工人、家属、学生进行了调查，调查结果证实桦甸市存在莱姆病，现将调查情况报告如下。１对象与方...     

上海市莱姆病血清流行病学调查

上海市莱姆病血清流行病学调查李燕婷，曹永林，施锦明，路德祥，沈微娟，孙环珍，李秉权国内外关于莱姆病的研究进展很快，已证实世界五大洲２０多个国家有莱姆病流行。１９８７年我国张哲夫等［１］调查证实东北林区存在莱姆病，随后发现我国１９个省市，包括上海毗邻的...     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

西林瓶装注射用水的装量检查分析

为了检查西林瓶装注射用水的实际分装量是否符合2005年版《药典》三部要求,按照2005年版《药典》三部中“生物制品分装和冻干规程”,分装规格为0．8ml的西林瓶装注射用水10000瓶,随机在分装过程的前、中、后阶段共抽取100瓶,轧盖、目检。分别用1ml标定注射器及1ml普通无菌注射器抽取每瓶注射用水的实际体积,以t检验法对实际抽取量与标示量的差值进行统计学分析,结果显示其与2005年版《药典》三部要求分装附加量为0．1ml相比有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。     

对《医疗事故处理条例》的几点认识--学习《医疗事故处理条例》的一点体会

国务院颁布的《医疗事故处理条例》（以下简称《条例》）在吸收、总结原《医疗事故处理办法》（以下简称《办法》）实施十几年以来正反两方面经验教训的基础上，对《办法》作了许多重大的修改：《条例》扩大了医疗事故的主体与范围，提出了防范医疗事故的一些重要措施，授权医学会独立担纲医疗事故技术鉴定工作，赋予了患者更多的权利，规定医疗事故民事责任争议可以“私了”，制定了更为规范的医疗事故的赔偿制度等。《条例》作出的这些新规定必将使医疗事故得以更加科学、客观、公正、公平、合理的解决。认真学习、把握《条例》的这些新规定，很好地透视《条例》的立法宗旨与原则，必将极大地提高学习、宣传《条例》的主动性与积极性，更好地推进《条例》的贯彻执行工作。     

The analysis of case-control studies of the efficacy of screening for recurrence of cancer

Occasionally, the efficacy of screening for cancer recurrence has been evaluated by means of case-control studies. However, these studies generally have not been designed and analyzed in a manner that will yield an unbiased result. The commentary shows that by adhering to the principles developed for the analysis of studies of the efficacy of screening for the presence of a given cancer in persons with no history of this disease, a case-control study of screening for recurrence will improve its chances of obtaining valid findings.     

137例地中海贫血出生相关因素分析

目的:揭示地中海贫血患儿出生相关因素,提出干预措施,为进一步制定地贫预防控制总体规划提供决策参考。方法:对近3年137例地贫儿(45例重型β-地贫、29例中间型β-地贫、32例中间型α-地贫和31例巴氏胎儿水肿综合征)出生相关因素进行调查研究。结果:地贫儿出生相关社会心理因素顺位依次为:基因携带者不知情(70.07%)、经济困难(21.17%)、心理因素(5.11%)、其它(3.65%)。基因携带者对自身情况不知情是本组地贫儿主要出生相关因素,与其它出生相关因素有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:基因携带者自身的认识与重视是预防控制工作的一个重要组成部分,地贫高发区人群携带者(轻型β-地贫、α-地贫特征和静止型携带者)的检出及系统管理是预防控制工作的关键环节,应进一步应用生物、社会及心理的医学模式搞好地贫预防控制工作。     

可乐对小鼠精子质量影响

目的 探讨可乐对雄性小鼠精子质量及数量的影响.方法 31只昆明种雄性小鼠按体重随机分为阴性对照组、低剂量组、高剂量组(分别以0.6ml生理盐水、0.3,0.6ml可乐灌胃),腹腔注射组(0.6ml可乐注射)和阳性对照组(0.6ml环磷酰胺腹腔注射)5组.灌胃及腹腔注射1次/d,连续7d,测定小鼠精子的运动参数,并观察其畸形发生率.结果 高剂量组肾脏系数与阴性对照、低剂量组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹腔注射组与阴性对照组比较小鼠附睾系数明显升高(P<0.05).腹腔注射组的精子平均移动角度与阴性对照组比较明显升高(P<0.05),低剂量组精子密度与阳性对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).高剂量组、阳性对照组与阴性对照组比较精子畸形率明显升高(P<0.05);低、高剂量组及腹腔注射组与阳性对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);低、高剂量组与腹腔注射组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 可乐对小鼠精子活性和形态有一定的影响.