掌侧入路锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的 探讨掌侧入路锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的初期疗效.方法 分析2008年9月至2010年12月本院应用掌侧入路锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折43例临床资料.结果 术后随访6个月至2年,采用Dienst功能评分.判定功能:优34例,良4例,优良率为89.5％.结论 掌侧入路锁定钢板内固定是一种治疗桡骨远端骨折的理想方法.     

2.4mm解剖型锁定加压接骨板在治疗桡骨远端C3型骨折中的应用

目的 探讨应用2.4 mm解剖型锁定加压接骨板治疗桡骨远端C3型骨折的临床疗效.方法 采用掌侧、背侧或掌背侧联合入路切开复位、2.4 mm解剖锁定加压接骨板内固定术治疗17例桡骨远端C3型骨折.结果 本组16例获随访2～11个月,骨折均愈合,愈合时间8～11周,平均9.7周.根据Dienst等功能评估表进行评定:优12例,良4例.结论 2.4 mm解剖型锁定加压接骨板治疗桡骨远端C3型骨折有利于复杂骨折的解剖复位、更多骨块坚强固定及最大程度保留腕关节功能.     

掌侧T型锁定加压钢板和桡背侧双锁定加压钢板内固定治疗背侧移位桡骨远端骨折的疗效比较

目的研究掌侧T型锁定加压钢板和桡背侧双锁定加压钢板内固定方法治疗背侧移位桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法将70例背侧移位桡骨远端骨折患者随机分为A组和B组各35例。A组采用掌侧T型锁定加压钢板内固定方法治疗,B组采用桡背侧双锁定加压钢板内固定方法治疗。比较两组的临床疗效和并发症发生情况。结果 B组的腕关节功能优良率为91.4%,显著高于A组的65.7%;B组掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度以及关节面台阶均显著优于A组;差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论桡背侧双锁定加压钢板内固定方法治疗背侧移位桡骨远端骨折显著优于掌侧T型锁定加压钢板,能显著改善患者腕关节功能和关节面。     

经掌侧入路锁定加压钢板内固定治疗不稳定桡骨远端骨折的临床研究

目的 分析经掌侧入路锁定加压钢板内固定治疗不稳定桡骨远端骨折患者的临床治疗疗效.方法 将不稳定桡骨远端骨折患者作为本次研究对象,总共24例,所有患者均需采取经掌侧入路锁定加压钢板内固定治疗方式,分析患者临床效果.结果 在对患者采取干预治疗后可见,治疗显效15例,占比62.5％,治疗有效7例,占比29.6％,治疗总有效率...     

掌侧锁定加压钢板固定与保守治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效比较

目的比较切开复位掌侧锁定加压钢板固定与闭合复位石膏外固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效。方法采用非随机分组方法,将277例桡骨远端不稳定骨折患者分为手术组(102例)和保守组(175例),手术组给予施行切开复位掌侧锁定加压钢板固定,保守组给予施行闭合复位石膏外固定,定期随访,记录患者的腕关节活动范围、疼痛、临床疗效评分、影像学评分等指标。结果手术组患者在腕关节活动范围(除了桡偏)、主观评价、临床疗效评分、影像学评分方面均优于保守组(P<0.05)。结论掌侧锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折比闭合复位石膏固定的疗效更好。     

T形锁定钢板治疗不稳定型桡骨远端骨折42例

目的探讨T形锁定钢板治疗不稳定型桡骨远端骨折的临床效果及体会。方法 2009年6月至2011年12月间,笔者收集了42例复位欠佳的不稳定型桡骨远端骨折病例,按OA分型：A型14侧,B型6侧,C型22侧;陈旧性骨折2例,其余为新鲜骨折;合并正中神经损伤4例,均采用腕掌侧入路T形锁定钢板于桡骨掌侧内固定,术后指导患者进行早期功能训炼,定期复查X线片均示骨折愈合良好,其中1例出现创伤性关节炎,无1例感染或神经、血管及肌腱损伤等并发症发生。结果所有病例均获得随访,按Sarmiento标准进行评定：优31例,良8例,可3例,优良率达92.9%。结论 T形锁定钢板用于治疗不稳定型桡骨远端骨折,具有操作简单、固定牢靠、可早期进行功能锻炼及并发症少等优点,能最大限度地恢复腕关节功能,值得临床推广应用。     

掌侧入路斜T形钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床观察

目的 探讨经掌侧入路斜T形钢板治疗AO/ASIF,23B、23C型骨折的疗效.方法 标准桡骨远端掌侧入路,斜T形钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折11例.结果 随访6～26个月,骨折均愈合.按照Kienst功能评分标准：优7例,良3例,差1例.结论 正确判断骨折部位和移位情况,采用正确的手术入路,关节面的解剖复位牢固的内固定,术后早期进行无痛的功能锻炼,是提高疗效的重要因素.     

桡骨远端不稳定骨折钢板内固定术掌侧与背侧切口的比较

目的：探讨掌侧与背侧切口两种不同手术入路钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的临床效果评价。方法：笔者所在医院骨科于2003年7月-2012年5月间共收治的桡骨远端不稳定骨折患者86例,行骨折切开复位钢板内固定术,按照手术入路不同分为掌侧和背侧切口。其中掌侧切口45例,背侧切口41例。结果：随访20周后患者在腕关节功能评分优良率方面比较差异无统计学意义;Lidstrom评分背侧入路组优于掌侧入路组,比较差异有统计学意义。结论：掌背侧不同手术入路均可为桡骨远端不稳定骨折提供有效复位,腕关节功能恢复良好。背侧入路钢板内固定术Lidstrom评分优于掌侧入路组。     

掌侧锁定钢板系统用于老年人桡骨远端不稳定骨折治疗中的临床应用研究

目的 探讨掌侧锁定钢板系统治疗老年人桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效.方法 选择2009年5月～2010年5月收治的52例新鲜桡骨远端不稳定骨折老年患者为研究对象,均经腕关节标准正、侧位X线片检查确诊,并根据AO标准分型.随后行掌侧入路骨折切开复位并于掌侧桡骨远端植入掌侧锁定钢板系统进行内固定.术后辅以消肿、抗感染、补充钙剂、主被动功能锻炼等综合治疗.比较手术前后掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨短缩及关节活动范围,评价腕关节功能恢复情况.结果 术前掌倾角、尺偏角分别为(19.4.±10.8.)、(1.6.±3.8.),桡骨短缩(6.6±1.0) mm;术后掌倾角、尺偏角分别为(8.1.±1.6.)、(17.8.±6.0.),桡骨短缩基本纠正.腕关节功能按Dienst标准进行评定:优31例,良18例,可3例,优良率为94.2％.随访期间未发生正中神经炎、腕管综合征、感染、骨不连等并发症.结论 切开复位掌侧锁定钢板系统是治疗老年人桡骨远端不稳定骨折安全、有效方法.     

掌侧锁定钢板系统治疗老年人桡骨远端不稳定骨折疗效及切口感染预防

目的 探讨掌侧锁定钢板系统治疗老年人桡骨远端不稳定骨折的临床疗效及切口感染的预防措施.方法 对31例手法复位失败的老年人桡骨远端不稳定骨折采用切开复位掌侧锁定钢板系统内固定治疗.结果 所有患者全部得到随访,随访时间为9～20个月;X线片显示,复位没有丢失,骨折端骨性愈合,关节面台阶＜1 mm,桡骨高度丢失＜2 mm,桡骨远端的掌倾角和尺偏角平均值分别为12.2度和20.4度;根据Gartland和Werley腕关节评分系统,优17例,良10例,优良率达87.1%;31例患者中有2例发生了早期并发症,并发症发生率为6.5%,其中1例为暂时性正中神经鱼际支损伤,另1例为切口部位感染.结论 掌侧锁定钢板系统能够为老年人桡骨远端不稳定骨折提供有效的固定,临床疗效较为满意,但应注意围术期的处理,以免发生严重的切口感染.     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。     

244株真菌鉴定结果分析

目的 了解某院2000～2001年各类真菌的检出率。方法 用酵母样真菌同化试验编码鉴定板TH-15进行编码鉴定。结果 真菌分离率为8．85％；244株真菌分为10种，其中以白色念珠菌和热带念珠菌较高，分别占真菌总数的75．41％和11．47％；检出真菌的主要标本是痰和阴道分泌物。结论 及时进行真菌培养，有利于合理使用抗菌药物和控制真菌感染。