高中化学教师课堂教学诊断能力的影响因素研究

以在职高中化学教师为研究对象,通过问卷调查、访谈等方法对化学教师课堂教学诊断能力进行研究。研究发现,现阶段高中化学教师的课堂教学诊断能力在整体上处于中等偏上水平,虽没有系统认识课堂教学诊断,但存在课堂教学诊断行为,且聚焦在"诊教学内容""诊知识与技能"和"诊师生互动"等维度。高中化学教师对课堂教学诊断存在认识表层化、目标狭隘化的误区。不同类型学校、教龄、职称的高中化学教师的课堂教学诊断能力存在显著差异,其课堂教学诊断能力主要受诊断意识、教学经验、职业倦怠等内部因素与师资力量、课堂教学诊断氛围、学生等外部因素影响。从教师、学校、教育部门等方面,对高中化学教师课堂教学诊断能力的提高提出相应建议。     

化学教学设计能力评价量表的编制与应用研究

基于学科教学知识（PCK）编制化学教学设计能力评价量表，并对在职高中化学教师的教学设计能力进行评价，分析化学教师在教学设计中存在的问题，为提高在职高中化学教师教学设计能力提供有针对性的建议。研究表明：（1）高中化学教师在课程知识、学生知识及评价知识维度的项目上均处于未掌握等级；（2）高中化学教师在教学目标知识和教学策略知识维度的多个评价项目上处于基本掌握等级。     

鲁西北地区高中化学教师有效教学行为的调查与分析

通过对鲁西北地区高中化学教师有效教学行为的调查,揭示了高中化学教师不同教学行为有效性的差异、化学教师教学行为之不同形式的有效性及差异.调查发现高中化学教师化学演示行为、化学实验教学行为以及多样化教学行为有效性较低.为提高化学教师教学方面的有效性,笔者认为在高中化学教师培训工作中应重视实践知识的培训、吸取更多一线化学教师投入到化学实验教学资源的开发利用上来以改革化学演示实验,并增强化学探究实验的可行性.     

高中化学教师“化学反应原理”知识的调查分析

以长春市及其周边地区高中化学教师为研究对象,调查高中化学教师在"化学反应原理"教学中对知识的理解和掌握情况。调查发现高中化学教师对化学反应原理方面知识特别是对于新课程新增加内容的理解尚存在一些问题;学校地区、学校类型以及学历、教龄和职称等不同的教师,对本部分知识的掌握情况存在差异,而教师性别对于教师知识掌握情况影响不显著。     

上海市杨浦区高中化学实验教学现状的调查与分析

以问卷和访谈的形式, 对上海市杨浦区高中化学教师的实验教学理念和教学行为, 以及各校化学实验教学的资源状况进行了调查。结果表明, 教师对实验在化学教学中的作用认识较高, 但实际教学中, 实验教学的行为并没有相应的加强;各校化学实验资源不平衡, 部分学校实验资源配备不足。分析了造成这些现象的可能原因, 并对加强实验教学、提高教师实验教学的能力提出了建议。     

在高中化学情境教学中提高学生问题解决能力的研究

针对高中化学学科的特点,系统、深入地研究在高中化学情境教学中,提高学生问题解决能力的理论和实践问题。本研究认为在高中化学中实施情境教学有利于激发学生创新和解决问题的动机,提高学生问题解决的能力。同时,结合教师在教学实践过程中的案例分析,对于在高中化学情境教学中如何创设教学情境、如何处理教学中教师的作用等问题做了分析。因此,本课题着眼于提高学生问题解决能力的理论和实践问题,为高中化学教师提供新课程理念的教学资源和教学案例,同时也对于高中化学情境教学的实施提出建议,指出在情境教学中的应该遵循的原则和应该注意的问题。     

高中化学新课标对师生心理影响的调查

通过对高中化学教师、学生和家长在化学新课标实施过程中存在的学习困难、考试焦虑、团队意识、个人意志等各种心理问题进行调查,分析了当前高中化学新课标实施对师生产生的心理影响因素及产生的原因,针对师生在教学中存在的各种心理问题,提出了相应的建议。     

高中化学教师微课教学能力提升需求的调查研究

对X市部分高中化学教师进行了微课教学能力提升需求的调查研究。结果表明高中化学教师学习与应用微课视频的意愿较高,但也存在着对微课概念把握不清、微课视频制作能力欠缺等问题,并就此提出培训建议。     

教学反思的新内涵——以“硝酸”教学为例

结合苏教版《化学1》“硝酸”教学,通过反思该课在现阶段及整个高中化学阶段的意义、教材内容编排及其原因、从哪些知识传授上升到方法传授、是否对评价学生活动过程有一套完整的研究体系、是否引导学生辨析使用网络资源、教师的质疑与探究能力是否在提高等,以促进师生更大程度地发展。     

初高中化学教学衔接的若干问题

高中化学不论是从知识的内容、结构、深广度,还是从学习要求上都比初中化学具有更高的层次.认真研究初高中化学教学的衔接.切实打好高中化学教学的基础,是提高中学化学教学质量的必要步骤和措施.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.