高中化学新课程模块学业评价体系的探索

高中化学新课程采用“模块”为基本单位,必然对学生学业成绩评价提出新的要求。本着面向全体学生,促进学生全面发展的原则,对高中化学课程模块学业评价体系进行初步探索。     

运用双向管理与双向评价提高实验技能与创新能力

我校通过多年的研究与实践,构建了高中化学学生实验课的“三段三步”式教学模式。运用师生双向管理（教师宏观管理、学生微观管理）和双向评价（教师指导评价、学生客观评价）手段,不仅提高了实验效果和实验技能,而且有效促进了学生自主实验、自主管理、自主评价的能力,同时促进了学生创造性思维的发展。     

高中化学实验教学的问题与对策

高中化学实验教学现状堪忧,问题产生的主要原因有课程开设、学科评价、校本管理和教师专业素养等。解决策略可从4个方面着手,即：课程标准和课程开设需要再建设,学业评价和实验考查需要再反思,实验教学软硬件和实验员配备需要再加强,实验资源建设与教师培训需要再深化等。我国高中化学实验教学应注重“三结合”方能有所突破。     

新课程背景下初中化学学业评价策略

就初中化学新课程理念下学业评价中学校操作层面的主要困惑进行了分析,并针对这些问题进行了为期一年多的探索和研究,在实践基础上,就化学过程评价与终端评价相结合的学业评价策略,提出了可行的有建设性的建议。     

在高中化学情境教学中提高学生问题解决能力的研究

针对高中化学学科的特点,系统、深入地研究在高中化学情境教学中,提高学生问题解决能力的理论和实践问题。本研究认为在高中化学中实施情境教学有利于激发学生创新和解决问题的动机,提高学生问题解决的能力。同时,结合教师在教学实践过程中的案例分析,对于在高中化学情境教学中如何创设教学情境、如何处理教学中教师的作用等问题做了分析。因此,本课题着眼于提高学生问题解决能力的理论和实践问题,为高中化学教师提供新课程理念的教学资源和教学案例,同时也对于高中化学情境教学的实施提出建议,指出在情境教学中的应该遵循的原则和应该注意的问题。     

高中化学学习档案袋评价——来自美国教学实践的一个案例及其启示

课程评价是课程改革成功与否的关键环节之一。我国新一轮的高中化学课程提倡使用学习档案袋评价、活动表现评价和纸笔测验等多样化的方式对学生进行评价。如何在新课程课堂实践中实施新的评价方式成为当前急需研究解决的热点问题。1学习档案袋评价的涵义及其研究现状档案袋评价(portfolio assessment)是20世纪80年代中期在美国教育实践中涌现出来的一种学业成就评价方式。S.L.Shurr对“档案袋”作了如下的定义:“档案袋就是有关学生学习情况的、有目的地收集起来的东西,它表现了学生在较长的时间内在课程的一个或多个领域中所做出的全部努…     

高中化学学业水平考试与课程标准的一致性探究——以吉林省高中化学学业水平考试为例

利用本土化的韦伯一致性分析模式,从知识种类、知识深度、知识广度和知识分布平衡性4个维度对高中化学学业水平考试试题与课程标准的认知性内容进行一致性分析,并结合研究结果进行归因分析和反思建议,以期对学业评价的研究提供些许参考。     

试论新型化学实验评价指标体系的建立

随着教育民主化改革的不断发展,原有的化学实验评价方法已不能适应教育民主的需要。本文提出一种新型化学实验评价指标体系,该体系包括学生自我评价与教师评价 2部分,在教师评价中又采用A、B题“起评分”不同的方式让学生有更多的选择机会。整个评价体系反映了教育民主与一切为了学生发展的教育理念。     

高中化学新课程教学中的学业评价

学业评价是与教学过程同时进行且同等重要的过程。在教学实践中能够正确有效地实施学业评价,真正落实评价目标、评价内容、评价方式和评价主体等方面的变革,是新课程标准实验成功的重要保证。所以学业评价的改革需要我们从评价方式和手段的多样化;终结性评价与过程性评价并重;在评价内容和形式上更加开放和灵活等一些方面同时入手,从而使学业评价更加公平、全面和人性化,促进学生的个性发展,实现真正的发展性评价。     

高中化学双语校本选修课初步研究

通过开设化学双语校本选修课,对高中化学双语教学进行了较为系统的研究和持续的实践,探索其规律与方法;研究初步达到了对高中学生化学双语学习能力培养的预期目的。通过理论研究和教学实践,对构建化学双语校本选修课程进行了系统的开发,为高中化学双语教学实践积累了经验。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.