Spontaneous union of bilateral congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle,in a baby

Congenital bilateral pseudoarthrosis is an extremely rare condition. We report a neonate with bilateral congenital clavicle pseudoarthrosis. The neonate had a palpable gap bilaterally. Radiological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The baby had a complete spontaneous healing in a year. We review the recent literature.     

髓内钉或克氏针与钢板固定治疗锁骨骨折的Meta分析

目的:系统评价髓内钉或克氏针与钢板固定比较治疗锁骨骨折的疗效和并发症。方法:计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane数据库、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普期刊数据库医药卫生辑(VIP)及万方数据库数据库。纳入比较髓内固定与髓外固定治疗锁骨骨折的前瞻性或随机随照研究。采用RevMan 5软件进行Meta分析,比较术后肩关节功能评分、手术疗效、手术指标及术后并发症率。结果:共纳入10篇随机对照研究、3篇半随机对照研究,合计976例纳入系统评价。5篇文献比较了克氏针与钢板的疗效,8篇文献比较了髓内钉与钢板的疗效。克氏针与钢板术后疗效优良率比值比(RR)3.79[95%可信区间,1.93,7.46],6篇文献报告了髓内钉与钢板术后Constant评分,总体均数差为-1.39[-3.43,0.65].5篇文献报告了髓内钉与钢板术后的大并发症率,RR为9.34[2.70,32.32].5篇文献比较了髓内钉与钢板的再手术率,RR为5.04 [1.52,16.77].结论:现有研究证据表明髓内钉治疗锁骨骨折的术后并发症率及再手术率明显低于钢板;克氏针固定的术后疗效明显低于钢板固定。现有数据的总样本量有一定程度的局限性,期待未来大样本高质量随机对照试验进一步证明结果。     

钩钢板治疗Neer II型锁骨骨折术后锁骨中段骨折的危险因素分析

目的分析钩钢板治疗Neer II型锁骨骨折术后锁骨中段骨折的潜在危险因素。 方法在2009年3月至2019年7月期间,有294例患者使用了钩钢板治疗锁骨远端骨折并符合入选标准,其中279例术后未发生锁骨中段骨折的患者（对照组）、15例发生了术后锁骨中段骨折的患者（并发症组）。本研究收集了患者的数据,包括性别、年龄、骨折患侧、体重指数、吸烟情况、最内侧螺钉的种类、是否由住院医师作为术者进行手术、术中钩钢板是否进行了塑型、钢板的孔数、钩的深度、并发症的发生时间和发生时有无第二次创伤。本研究采用卡方检验对所有潜在的危险因素在对照组和并发症组间进行了比较。最后对具有统计学差异的变量进行了Logistic回归分析。 结果高龄患者在使用钩钢板治疗锁骨远端骨折后,更容易出现锁骨中段骨折（OR= 3.478; 95% CI : 1.719~15.407; P= 0.003）。 结论患者高龄可以显著增加钩钢板固定后锁骨中段骨折的发生率。     

Three-dimensional assessment of the asymptomatic and post-stroke shoulder: intra-rater test–retest reliability and within-subject repeatability of the palpation and digitization approach

Purpose: Altered three-dimensional (3D) joint kinematics can contribute to shoulder pathology, including post-stroke shoulder pain. Reliable assessment methods enable comparative studies between asymptomatic shoulders of healthy subjects and painful shoulders of post-stroke subjects, and could inform treatment planning for post-stroke shoulder pain. The study purpose was to establish intra-rater test–retest reliability and within-subject repeatability of a palpation/digitization protocol, which assesses 3D clavicular/scapular/humeral rotations, in asymptomatic and painful post-stroke shoulders.

Methods: Repeated measurements of 3D clavicular/scapular/humeral joint/segment rotations were obtained using palpation/digitization in 32 asymptomatic and six painful post-stroke shoulders during four reaching postures (rest/flexion/abduction/external rotation). Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of the measurement and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results: All ICC values indicated high to very high test–retest reliability (≥0.70), with lower reliability for scapular anterior/posterior tilt during external rotation in asymptomatic subjects, and scapular medial/lateral rotation, humeral horizontal abduction/adduction and axial rotation during abduction in post-stroke subjects. All standard error of measurement values demonstrated within-subject repeatability error ≤5° for all clavicular/scapular/humeral joint/segment rotations (asymptomatic ≤3.75°; post-stroke ≤5.0°), except for humeral axial rotation (asymptomatic ≤5°; post-stroke ≤15°).

Conclusions: This noninvasive, clinically feasible palpation/digitization protocol was reliable and repeatable in asymptomatic shoulders, and in a smaller sample of painful post-stroke shoulders.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• In the clinical setting, a reliable and repeatable noninvasive method for assessment of three-dimensional (3D) clavicular/scapular/humeral joint orientation and range of motion (ROM) is currently required.

• The established reliability and repeatability of this proposed palpation/digitization protocol will enable comparative 3D ROM studies between asymptomatic and post-stroke shoulders, which will further inform treatment planning.

• Intra-rater test–retest repeatability, which is measured by the standard error of the measure, indicates the range of error associated with a single test measure. Therefore, clinicians can use the standard error of the measure to determine the “true” differences between pre-treatment and post-treatment test scores.

     

微型钛质钢板治疗锁骨中段粉碎性骨折患者预后影响因素调查研究

目的：观察应用微型钛质钢板治疗锁骨中段粉碎性骨折的临床效果并分析患者预后的影响因素。方法：锁骨中段粉碎性骨折的56例患者按照数字随机分组法分为对照组（n=25）和观察组（n=31),对照组患者采取克氏针内固定治疗,观察组患者采取微型钛质钢板治疗,比较临床疗效并判断患者预后的影响因素。结果：对照组的优良率低于观察组,观察组患者术中出血量、手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间明显少于对照组,两组差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：应用微型钛质钢板治疗锁骨中段粉碎性骨折效果良好,能缩短手术时间和住院时间,减少影响骨折愈合的影响因素。     

颈臂丛联合神经阻滞麻醉应用于锁骨骨折手术中的临床体会

目的探讨颈臂丛联合神经阻滞麻醉应用锁骨骨折手术中的临床效果。方法选取锁骨骨折手术患者115例,随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组采用颈臂丛联合阻滞麻醉,对照组采用颈浅丛神经阻滞麻醉。观察2组麻醉效果的优良率、心率、平均动脉压、氧饱和度以及不良反应。结果 2组患者心率与平均动脉压比较差异具有统计学意义P<0.01,氧饱和度比较差异无统计学意义P>0.05。观察组麻醉优良率明显高于对照组,x2=7.9367,P<0.05。2组患者麻醉后不良反应发生率比较,x2=0.2413,P>0.05。结论颈臂丛联合阻滞是一种较好的麻醉方法,、效果理想、并发症少,适合锁骨骨折手术推广使用。     

Recurrent peripheral embolism following nonunion of the clavicle

Vascular complications in closed clavicular fractures are uncommon, with an incidence of only 0.4%. Subclavian artery injury can present acutely or can have a delayed presentation with arm ischemia. We report the case of an undetected subclavian pseudoaneurysm in a patient with a nonunion fracture clavicle who was referred with persistent ischemia following attempted brachial embolectomy at another center, along with a review of literature to support the hypothesis that in addition to repair of the aneurysm, treatment of the psuedarthrosis by fixation of the clavicle is essential.     

An inception cohort analysis to predict nonunion in tibia and 17 other fracture locations

IntroductionThe epidemiology of fracture nonunion has been characterized so it is potentially possible to predict nonunion using patient-related risk factors. However, prediction models are currently too cumbersome to be useful. We test a hypothesis that nonunion can be predicted with ≤10 variables, retaining the predictive accuracy of a full model with 42 variables.MethodsWe sought to predict nonunion with prospectively-acquired inception cohort data for 18 different bones, using the smallest possible number of variables that did not substantially decrease prediction accuracy. An American nationwide claims database of ∼90.1 million participants was used, which included medical and drug expenses for 2011–2012. Continuous enrollment was required for 12 months after fracture, to allow sufficient time to capture a nonunion diagnosis. Health claims were evaluated for 309,330 fractures. A training dataset used a random subset of 2/3 of these fractures, while the remaining fractures formed a validation dataset. Multivariate logistic regression and stepwise logistic regression were used to identify variables predictive of nonunion. P value and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) were used to select variables for reduced models. Area-under-the-curve (AUC) was calculated to characterize the success of prediction.ResultsNonunion rate in 18 fracture locations averaged 4.93%. Algorithms to predict nonunion in 18 locations in the full-model validation set had average AUC = 0.680 (±0.034). In the reduced models, average validation set AUC = 0.680 (±0.033) and the average number of risk factors required for prediction was 7.6. There was agreement across training set, validation set, and reduced set; in tibia, reduced model validation AUC = 0.703, while the full-model validation AUC = 0.709. Certain risk factors were important for predicting nonunion in ≥10 bones, including open fracture, multiple fracture, osteoarthritis, surgical treatment, and use of certain medications, including anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, or analgesics.DiscussionNonunion can be predicted in 18 fracture locations using parsimonious models with <10 patient demography-related risk factors. The model reduction approach used results in simplified models that have nearly the same AUC as the full model. Reduced algorithms can predict nonunion because risk factors important in the full models remain important in the reduced models. This prognostic inception cohort study provides Level I evidence.