Identifying and Verifying Vulnerabilities through PLC Network Protocol and Memory Structure Analysis

Cyberattacks on the Industrial Control System (ICS) have recently been increasing, made more intelligent by advancing technologies. As such, cybersecurity for such systems is attracting attention. As a core element of control devices, the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) in an ICS carries out on-site control over the ICS. A cyberattack on the PLC will cause damages on the overall ICS, with Stuxnet and Duqu as the most representative cases. Thus, cybersecurity for PLCs is considered essential, and many researchers carry out a variety of analyses on the vulnerabilities of PLCs as part of preemptive efforts against attacks. In this study, a vulnerability analysis was conducted on the XGB PLC. Security vulnerabilities were identified by analyzing the network protocols and memory structure of PLCs and were utilized to launch replay attack, memory modulation attack, and FTP/Web service account theft for the verification of the results. Based on the results, the attacks were proven to be able to cause the PLC to malfunction and disable it, and the identified vulnerabilities were defined.     

Generating synthetic benchmark circuits for accelerated life testing of field programmable gate arrays using genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization

Accelerated life testing (ALT) of a field programmable gate array (FPGA) requires it to be configured with a circuit that satisfies multiple criteria. Hand-crafting such a circuit is a herculean task as many components of the criteria are orthogonal to each other demanding a complex multivariate optimization. This paper presents an evolutionary algorithm aided by particle swarm optimization methodology to generate synthetic benchmark circuits (SBC) that can be used for ALT of FPGAs. The proposed algorithm was used to generate a SBC for ALT of a commercial FPGA. The generated SBC when compared with a hand-crafted one, demonstrated to be more suitable for ALT, measured in terms of meeting the multiple criteria. The SBC generated by the proposed technique utilizes 8.37% more resources; operates at a maximum frequency which is 40% higher; and has 7.75% higher switching activity than the hand-crafted one reported in the literature. The hand-crafted circuit is very specific to the particular device of that family of FPGAs, whereas the proposed algorithm is device-independent. In addition, it took several man months to hand-craft the SBC, whereas the proposed algorithm took less than half-a-day.     

基于约瑟夫森量子电压的交流功率测量系统及方法研究

基于约瑟夫森量子电压标准设计了交流功率差分测量系统。通过分析差分采样系统的误差分布及误差传递函数,提出换向差分测量方法,减小了差分采样系统的增益误差,提高了电压幅值测量准确度;通过分析衰减系数η,证明了采用换向差分测量较容易实现10-7量级电压幅值测量。通过评估差分采样系统零相位,结果证明了差分采样系统具有较好的相位测量稳定性。分析了交流功率差分测量系统的不确定度分量,评估了功率因数为1.0,0.5 L和0.5 C时的功率测量不确定度,通过与国家交流功率基准装置进行实验比对,证明了基于约瑟夫森量子电压交流功率测量系统不确定度评估的合理性。     

面向长距离量子通信的双光子关联成像技术

量子时域鬼成像利用光子对的时间-频率关联性实现了50km光纤链路上的图像传送,有望应用于量子通信的协议中。然而,现有方案的成像质量较差,成像速度较慢,因此其应用性在一定程度上受到了限制。文章对已有成像方案进行了较大的改进,利用可编程滤波器数字设定待成像信息,进而实现了二维图像信息的自动化实时传送。实验结果证明,改进方案的成像质量和速度均有显著改善,有利于推动量子关联成像在量子通信领域的应用。     

极端环境下储库控制系统的通信解决方案

在干旱、高温、潮湿、寒冷等环境中使用宽温的自动化产品一般都能达到要求,但在荒野等极端环境中,没有电力供应,没有网络通信的情况时有发生,进而对自动化系统造成致命性的影响。针对该问题,以土耳其地下天然气储库项目为例,提出了使用太阳能供电,运用卫星进行无线通信的方法实现自动化控制系统的正常运行,成功地解决了该问题。     

基于可编程逻辑控制器的电镀工艺参数自动化监控

以可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)为控制核心,辅助相关执行元器件,对电镀过程中涉及的部分关键工艺参数实施自动化监控。分模块阐述了监控原理,并结合实验进行效果验证和评定。结果表明:应用PLC控制系统,可实现工艺参数自动化、实时、准确监控,并且可获得较理想的电镀质量。     

电除尘输灰系统自动控制改造

分析了解化化工分公司热动力厂电除尘输灰控制系统存在的问题,并重点介绍了FX2-48MR可编程控制器在输灰控制系统中的组态方法和应用情况。利用闲置设备(FX2-48MR)代替QS系列气力输送系统,对电除尘输灰自动控制系统进行改造,简化了控制程序,提高了控制可靠性,降低了维修成本。     

酒店客房电源网络管理系统

介绍了某酒店客房配电系统网络管理的新技术应用,即客房电源由PLC智能模块编程控制,用RS-485协议,与总服务台相连。客房空调控制亦同此。     

基于FPGA的柔性直流实时仿真技术及试验系统

未来柔性直流输电技术大容量、高电压、远距离的发展趋势,对现有的柔性直流仿真建模技术提出了更高的要求。为了建立更符合控制保护装置测试需求的大容量、高电压、远距离柔性直流实时仿真模型,提出了适用于各种子模块拓扑结构且能灵活定义模块级故障的模块化多电平换流器(MMC)等效建模方法,采用基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)技术实现灵活柔性直流换流器算法,通过双向高速通信板卡GTFPGA在实时数字仿真器(RTDS)中实现灵活自定义的柔性直流MMC仿真建模,为未来含新型子模块拓扑结构的大容量、高电压、远距离柔性直流工程的控制保护特性研究及其闭环试验,提供有效的实时仿真试验系统和重要的仿真技术支持。