Experimental research on dynamic response of PZT-5H under impact load

In order to improve the stability of PZT-based sensors, the mechanical, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of PZT-5H under impact load were studied experimentally by using the separated Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) with an electrical output measurement device. At the same time, the experimental study on the material properties of PZT-5H before and after the impact was carried out. The effect of impact cracks on the output voltage of PZT-5H was also analyzed. The results show that the dynamic piezoelectric constants of PZT-5H under low stress impact (10–50 MPa) are different from those under quasi-static state, and the empirical relationship between them and the peak stress is obtained through experiments. The dielectric properties of PZT-5H did not change under low stress impact, but micro-cracks occurred in the material and dielectric loss increased at high frequencies. Under short circuit, the residual polarization intensity of PZT-5H decreases sharply due to impact load. While the impact load causes the secondary polarization and the increase of the residual polarization intensity of PZT under open circuit. When the stress is over 45 MPa, the PZT-5H breaks. The formation of cracks causes abnormal discharge voltage and gap discharge.     

含水率对砂岩动态拉伸强度的影响

工程中的岩石具有不同的含水性，研究不同含水率岩石动态力学性质的变化规律，对岩石工程的设计和建设具有很强的指导意义。为研究不同含水率对砂岩动态拉伸强度的影响，利用霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验装置对不同含水率试样进行了一系列动态巴西劈裂试验，研究了不同含水率砂岩在不同加载率条件下的动态拉伸强度变化规律。试验结果表明：岩石的动态拉伸强度随着加载率的增加而增加，其率相关性与含水率有关，饱和试样的率相关性较强，而干燥岩石的动态强度对加载率的变化不敏感。当加载率较低时，岩石的拉伸强度随着含水率的增加而降低；当加载率较高时，由于水的Stefan效应，水对岩石裂纹产生抗力，阻碍其扩展，导致岩石强度增加，饱和试样的动态拉伸强度出现高于非饱和试样强度的现象。     

A comparative study on the effect of loading speed and surface scratches on the flexural strength of aluminosilicate glass: Annealed vs. chemically strengthened

Quasi-static and dynamic three-point-bending experiments were conducted on both annealed and chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass scratched by different normal loads. Scratched areas were observed by optical microscope and atomic force microscope. Chemically strengthened glass shows better resistance to surface scratch. These dynamic experiments were carried out using a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) device and a pulse-shaping technique was used to keep constant loading speed to the specimens. In tests, high-speed photography was also used to observe the failure process of the specimens. The test results showed that the flexural strength of aluminosilicate glass (AG) strongly depends on the applied loading speed. Compared with its annealed counterpart, the chemically strengthened glass (CSG) showed higher flexural strength to both static and dynamic loadings. Moreover, the three-point bending experiments were conducted on scratched AG and CSG specimens and decrease of 20–40% in flexural strength was observed. The fractography analysis showed that in dynamic loading conditions the fracture surface was not smooth and has more secondary cracks as compared to static loading.     

纤维混凝土SHPB试验

研究了不同掺量的纤维对混凝土动态抗压性能的影响，通过对国内外纤维混凝土材料研究的成果和方法的研究，采用分离式Ф74mm SHPB装置进行了混凝土材料的冲击压缩试验，为其进一步研究工作的开展奠定了基础。     

粉砂岩高温后动态力学特性研究

利用大杆径SHPB实验系统,对100℃、200℃、300℃、400℃等不同高温处理后的粉砂岩试样进行了动态力学特性测试.得到了不同高温作用后粉砂岩的全应力-应变曲线、峰值应力、峰值应变及弹性模量的变化规律,并对其微观机理进行了分析.研究表明,随着作用温度的升高,粉砂岩的峰值应力、峰值应变及弹性模量都相应降低,这与砂岩在温度的作用下的内部结构变化密切相关,也与高温作用后岩石内部应力重新分布有直接关系.相关研究结果有助于理解深井开挖岩石在原始温度场改变后的力学特性,可更好地指导工程施工.     

芳纶纤维复合材料包裹混凝土短柱轴心动态抗压强度研究

采用空军工程大学的100分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置,对芳纶纤维材料(AFRP)包裹混凝土短柱在高应变率条件下的抗压强度进行了试验研究。研究结果表明:在高应变率下,采用AFRP加固混凝土短柱,动态抗压强度得到了显著提高,并随应变率上升而增长;相同应变率水平下,动态抗压强度随AFRP加固层数的增加呈现出先增大后减小的特性,其中两层AFRP包裹混凝土短柱增强性能最优。另外,考虑应变率效应,对Bethet强度模型进行修正,得到了适用于高应变率条件下的AFRP包裹混凝土短柱强度模型。     

用SHPB径向冲击边裂纹平台圆环(ECFR)的动态断裂实验

为了研究岩石的Ⅰ型动态断裂韧度测试方法,用大直径(100 mm)分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对边裂纹平台圆环(edge cracked flattened ring,ECFR)砂岩试样进行径向冲击实验。分别用普通应变片和高精度裂纹扩展计2种测试元件监测试样起裂时刻和测定裂纹传播速度,比较了它们的准确性和合理性。用实验-数值结合普适函数分析测定了砂岩的动态起裂韧度和动态扩展韧度,初步探讨了动态加载率影响动态起裂韧度的原因,以及裂纹扩展速度对动态扩展韧度的影响,对ECFR试样裂纹扩展路径弯折现象也进行了理论分析。研究结果表明：裂纹扩展计测定比应变片更为灵敏、准确、合理。加载率在(0.74~4.48)×104 MPa·m1/2/s范围内动态起裂韧度随动态加载率的增大而增大,裂纹扩展速度在(0.24~0.34) cR范围内动态扩展韧度随裂纹扩展速度的增大而提高。     

Dynamic rock tests using split Hopkinson (Kolsky) bar system e A review

Dynamic properties of rocks are important in a variety of rock mechanics and rock engineering problems. Due to the transient nature of the loading, dynamic tests of rock materials are very different fr...     

冲击荷载作用下含水泥质粉砂岩的损伤规律研究

采用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置,对泥质粉砂岩进行了不同含水状态下的动态力学性能试验,分析了含水率变化对泥质粉砂岩动力特性的影响,并基于连续损伤理论及统计强度理论建立了泥质粉砂岩的动态损伤力学模型,得到了相应的损伤演化规律。研究结果表明,采用基于Weibull分布建立的动态时效损伤模型,其理论拟合曲线与实测曲线具有较好的一致性,损伤参数F0与弹性模量及冲击速度有一定的相关性,弹性模量越大,损伤参数F0也越大,含水率的变化对岩石动力特性具有较大的影响。     

轻质高强混凝土大直径霍普金森杆冲击试验研究

轻质高强混凝土材料已经广泛运用于各种建筑结构中,然而其冲击作用下的动力性能尚不明确。为了探讨其动力性能,设计制作了一系列圆柱体混凝土试件。首先通过静力加载试验获得了其静力强度,然后,采用155mm大直径分离式霍普金森杆(SHPB)设备,对直径为150mm、长径比为0.5的混凝土试件开展了冲击试验研究。采用紫铜片作为波形整形器,该试验中各气压下冲击速度稳定,SHPB试验结果可靠。混凝土试件的破坏模式以脆性碎裂为主,随着冲击速度的增加,破坏后的碎块由条片状逐渐过渡至粉末状。应变率在40～140s-1时,试件的动态强度随着应变率的增大而增大。当冲击速度增加时,能量吸收密度也随之增加,即材料吸收能量的能力显著提高。根据试验结果,拟合了动态应力-应变曲线,以期供相关研究参考。