易碎弹复合材料动态特性数值研究

利用Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar （SHPB）实验装置获取复合材料易碎弹试件的动态力学特性,并应用LS-DYNA软件对SHPB实验过程进行数值模拟.结合SHPB应力波理论,研究不同撞击速度对试件破坏程度、压杆轴向应变波形以及试件动态力学特性的影响.仿真结果表明：试件仿真结果与实验结果基本吻合,说明SHPB实验仿真是可行的;试件的破坏程度随着撞击速度的增大而显著,但压杆轴向应变波形以及试件动态力学特性随着撞击速度的增大变化不明显.     

短切碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的高温冲击压缩力学性能

采用先驱体浸渍裂解法(即PIP法)制备出3种不同短切碳纤维(C_(sf))体积分数的圆柱形短切碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料(C_(sf)/SiC复合材料)试件,通过高温加热装置和自组装功能的霍普金森压杆装置对试件进行高温和动态荷载耦合作用下的冲击压缩试验,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察C_(sf)/SiC复合材料断口形貌,对试件的破坏形态进行分析。试验结果表明,采用PIP法制备的C_(sf)/SiC复合材料试件中C_(sf)分布均匀,在外应力作用下C_(sf)/SiC复合材料试件发生破坏,碳纤维和碳纤维束与SiC基体脱粘被不断拔出。试件的抗压强度随C_(sf)体积含量的增加而呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势,C_(sf)体积含量为21%的试件抗压强度最高,为96.55 MPa。与常温相比,在高温压缩试验中随着复合材料试件平均温度的升高,C_(sf)/SiC复合材料试件破碎后的块度越来越大,整体性越来越好,当温度达到300℃时,C_(sf)体积含量对C_(sf)/SiC复合材料试件抗压强度的影响较小。     

层状板岩动力破坏特性数值试验研究

为研究层理面数和冲击载荷对层状板岩动力破坏特性影响,利用LS-DYNA有限元软件模拟了层状板岩试件在不同冲击速度下的SHPB实验,再现了SHPB实验过程中的加载波形和层状板岩试件的破坏过程,模拟结果与实验结果吻合度较好。研究结果表明:层状板岩试件的耗散能量随层理面数的增加而增加,双层、三层和四层板岩试件相比单层板岩试件耗散能量的增长分别为0.2%、0.4%和1.87%;试件破坏开始于端面周边,滞后于应力峰值,当冲击速度为6.5 m/s时,层状岩石试件以轴向劈裂破坏为主,冲击速度为12 m/s和20 m/s时试件的破坏模式为轴向劈裂破坏、径向剪破坏和端面拉压破坏的混合破坏。     

灰岩和白云岩动态压缩力学性能的SHPB实验

为了得到爆破荷载作用下岩石的破坏特性及爆破振动波的传播特性,利用RMT-150C多功能实验机和改进后的ф50mm的分离式Hopkinson压杆装置,分别研究灰岩和白云岩试件的静态力学特性和在5种不同应变率等级下的动态力学性能。实验结果表明,随着平均应变率的增加,灰岩和白云岩试件的动态抗压强度、峰值应变、吸收能、比能量吸收值以及破碎程度都明显增加,表现出显著的应变率效应,而初始弹性模量对应变率的相关性不敏感。从岩石的动态抗压强度和能量吸收两个方面,对比分析灰岩和白云岩动态力学性能的共性和差异性,更合理地解释了岩石在动态冲击荷载下的破坏本质。     

混凝土材料的SHPB实验技术研究

为提高混凝土材料的SHPB实验结果的精度和可比性,结合混凝土的实验过程,对波导杆的弥散效应、试件内应力应变均匀性和试件的径向惯性效应进行了研究。研究结果表明：一维应力波假定和均匀性假定基本满足,混凝土试件是否有足够时间使应力应变达到均匀,取决于混凝土试件的最大应变值和应变率;实验中采用脉冲整形技术和恒应变率实验技术,并选用三波公式处理实验数据,可以增大混凝土的有效承载时间,减小试件惯性效应对实验结果的影响;当应变率接近或大于104时,需要考虑试件的径向惯性效应。     

Dynamic mechanical property of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC)

The uniaxial compressive response of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete(SFRC) was analyzed under high strain rate loading with a 74 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB).The experimental investigation focused on recorded data and resulted in distinguishing the strain rate that mobilized different ductility of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete(SFRC).64 specimens of HFRC and SFRC with higher static compressive strength were tested at the strain rates changing from 20 to 120 s-1.The static compressive strength and dynamic stress-strain curves of the two materials were obtained at 4 different strain rates and the failure stress,and peak strain and peak toughness were also analyzed.The results show that HFRC has quite good dynamic mechanical property and clear strain-rate effect,and the failure mechanism of HFRC and SFRC was also compared based on the specimens’ failure modes in static and dynamic compressive tests.     

Impact properties of engineered cementitious composites with high volume fly ash using SHPB test

The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) testing with diameter 40 mm was used to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) with different fly ash content. The basic properties including deformation, energy absorption capacity, strain-stress relationship and failure patterns were discussed. The ECCs showed strain-rate dependency and kept better plastic flow during impact process compared with reactive powder concrete (RPC) and concrete, but the critical compressive strength was lower than that of RPC and concrete. The bridging effect of PVA fiber and addition of fly ash can significantly improve the deformation and energy absorption capacities of ECCs. With the increase of fly ash content in ECCs, the static and dynamic compressive strength lowered and the dynamic increase factor enhanced. Therefore, to meet different engineering needs, the content of fly ash can be an important index to control the static and dynamic mechanical properties of ECCs.     

A damage-based constitutive model for rock under impacting load

Using the Splitting Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) experimental system, investigations were made into the dynamic mechanical performances of underground soft rocks. The experiments proved that the measured stress–strain curves display the characteristics of plastic deformation. By making use of a revised overstress constitutive formula for the stress model and by taking into account that the strain rate and strain are a function of 1 − E(t)/E₀, a revised overstress constitutive formula for the stress model was simplified by applying dimensional analysis and consequently, a simplified overstress formula was obtained for the stress model. Then, by taking into consideration the effects of damage under a dynamic load on the dynamic loading strength of the rock, the continuous damage theory and the statistical strength theory were introduced into the development of the simplified overstress constitutive formula for the stress model. Hence, a damage-based constitutive formula for an overstress model, which can be appropriately applied to the analysis of full dynamic stress–strain curves, was developed. By using the simplified damage-based constitutive formula for an overstress model, the actually measured curves are fitted, indicating that the fitting curves and those actually measured are in good agreement.     

冲击荷载作用下含水泥质粉砂岩的损伤规律研究

采用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置,对泥质粉砂岩进行了不同含水状态下的动态力学性能试验,分析了含水率变化对泥质粉砂岩动力特性的影响,并基于连续损伤理论及统计强度理论建立了泥质粉砂岩的动态损伤力学模型,得到了相应的损伤演化规律。研究结果表明,采用基于Weibull分布建立的动态时效损伤模型,其理论拟合曲线与实测曲线具有较好的一致性,损伤参数F0与弹性模量及冲击速度有一定的相关性,弹性模量越大,损伤参数F0也越大,含水率的变化对岩石动力特性具有较大的影响。     

单轴循环冲击下岩石的动力学特性及其损伤模型研究

利用改进的大直径SHPB试验装置,对花岗岩试件进行单轴循环冲击压缩试验,分析花岗岩在循环冲击载荷下的力学特性及能量吸收规律。通过基于Weibull分布的动态统计损伤模型计算岩石的累积损伤,结合试验曲线分析岩石累积损伤的演化规律。研究结果表明：随着冲击载荷循环作用次数的增加,变形模量变小,试件的屈服应变增大,峰值应力呈降低趋势。岩石的累积比能量吸收值随着冲击次数的增加而增大,且试件破坏前其值增加缓慢,试件破坏时其值急剧增大。基于Weibull分布的动态损伤本构模型的计算曲线与试验曲线具有较好的一致性,该模型能反映岩石的强度与应变、应变率的关系。累积损伤随着循环冲击次数的增加而增大,其增加速率由小变大,试件破坏前累积损伤的增加较为平缓,其主要增量由最后一次冲击破坏产生。