Efficiency and effectiveness enhancement of an intercooler of two‐stage air compressor by low‐cost Al2O3/water nanofluids

The present study was aimed to utilize low‐cost alumina (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles for improving the heat transfer behavior in an intercooler of two‐stage air compressor. Experimental investigation was carried out with three different volume concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0% Al₂O₃/water nanofluids to assess the performance of the intercooler, that is, counterflow heat exchanger at different loads. Thermal properties such as thermal conductivity and overall heat transfer coefficient of nanofluid increased substantially with increasing concentration of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles. Specific heat capacity of nanofluids were lower than base water. The intercooler performance parameters such as effectiveness and efficiency improved appreciably with the employment of nanofluid. The efficiency increased by about 6.1% with maximum concentration of nanofluid, that is, 1% at 3‐bar compressor load. It is concluded from the study that high concentration of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles dispersion in water would offer better heat transfer performance of the intercooler.     

纳米材料在提高采收率中的研究进展?

近年来，纳米材料因其有吸引力的物化特性已在生物医药、电子储能、保护涂层等领域发挥重要作用。随着石油资源的需求不断增加和开采难度提高，石油勘探和提高石油采收率技术需要不断创新，以满足未来对碳氢燃料的需求。将功能化的纳米材料与提高采收率技术结合，可以改善驱替剂的流变性能，改变储层岩石的润湿性、降低油水界面张力、提高原油的流动性等，进一步提高原油采收率，为油田的有效、可持续开发提供新的技术手段。本文首先综述了当前在提高采收率领域中的应用较多的几类纳米材料；之后，对纳米材料在提高采收率中的作用机理做了总结；最后，讨论了纳米材料在提高采收率技术中存在的问题，并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

氧化铝纳米流体在车用热交换器中的试验研究

研究纳米流体在车用热交换器中的强化传热效果,测试不同纳米粒子体积分数的氧化铝纳米流体在板翅式机油冷却器中的传热和流动特性,并与水、防冻液（乙二醇）及纳米流体基础液体进行对比.试验结果表明,在同一热交换器中,纳米流体的传热系数明显高于其他3种液体.当冷、热侧介质温度为90和120 ℃时,纳米粒子体积分数为5%的纳米流体的传热系数分别比水、乙二醇和基础液体提高6.52%、18.88%和24.62%;当冷、热侧介质温度为120和135 ℃时,体积分数为5%的纳米流体的传热系数比体积分数为1%的纳米流体提高104.72%.在试验条件下,热交换器的换热量随纳米粒子体积分数的增大而增大,但流动阻力并未明显增加,初步证明了纳米流体应用于车用热交换器的可行性.     

石墨-水纳米流体对流换热特性的实验研究

使用自行设计的测量纳米流体流动与对流换热性能的实验装置,测量了含有不同体积分数纳米石墨的石墨-水纳米流体雷诺数在3 000~6 500范围内的对流换热系数。实验结果表明:石墨纳米颗粒的加入提高了水的对流换热系数;石墨纳米颗粒在水中的体积分数与对流换热系数近似呈线性关系;努塞尔数Nu随着雷诺数的增大近似线性增大;流动状态下的纳米粒子本身的无规则运动和热散射对对流换热系数的提高有显著影响。     

纳米流体导热系数影响因素分析

为了全面分析纳米流体的稳定性及导热系数影响因素,采用两步法配置了以去离子水和乙二醇为基液的氧化铝纳米流体,并添加了不同种类的分散剂.利用紫外可见分光光度计对纳米流体吸光度值进行测试,并基于Hot Disk热物性分析仪测试其导热系数.结果表明：吸光度法可有效评价纳米流体稳定性,但需要考虑分散剂对基液吸光度值的影响.超声波振荡可破坏粒子团聚,且当超声时间为1h时纳米流体稳定性最佳.分散剂、粒子体积分数、温度、基液等因素均会影响纳米流体的导热性能.当温度为50益时,添加质量分数0.2%的PVP分散剂,体积分数为0.5%的氧化铝-水纳米流体导热系数提高约20%.纳米流体可有效提供工质导热系数,提升系统散热性能.     

表面活性剂对Cu-H_2O和ZrO_2-H_2O纳米流体稳定性的影响

通过添加表面活性剂制备了Cu-H2O和Zr O2-H2O纳米流体,研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚等表面活性剂对Cu-H2O和Zr O2-H2O纳米流体分散稳定性的影响;并利用分子动力学方法计算出不同表面活性剂分子与Cu/Zr O2颗粒表面的相互作用能。结果发现添加表面活性剂可较大程度地提升纳米流体的稳定性,而尤以添加十二烷基苯磺酸钠的效果最为明显,计算结果也显示十二烷基苯磺酸钠分子与Cu/Zr O2间的吸附作用最强。此外,还模拟了SDBS与Cu-H2O纳米流体中Cu颗粒的吸附行为。     

纳米粒子掺杂太阳盐复合材料热物性研究

在聚光式太阳能系统中,熔盐被视为良好的储热材料,具有成本低、使用安全、低饱和蒸汽压等特点。合理改善其热物性可实现太阳能高效利用,掺杂纳米颗粒可提高熔盐的储热及传热性能。在之前工作中,采用高温静态熔融法将纳米氧化铝（Nano alumina,NA2）掺杂于太阳盐（SS,质量分数为60%的硝酸钠与质量分数为40%的硝酸钾的混合物）中,获得了具有较高比热容的纳米流体（NA2-SS,N2S）。在此基础上,采用相同方法将纳米石墨粉（GP）和NA2同时掺杂于SS中（NA2-GP-SS,N2GS）,利用差式扫描量热法和瞬态平面热源法对体系比热和导热进行测试。结果表明,优化样品为N2GS-4,比热容与原样SS相比提升21.79%,导热提升20.69%,在高温状态下具有较好的热稳定性。N2GS-4作为一种硝酸盐基纳米复合蓄热材料在热能存储系统中具有广阔的应用前景。     

扭带结构影响管内传热与熵产的研究进展

随着工业技术不断发展,传统换热管的传热方式已经无法满足高热流密度下的热量输运要求。扭带插入物是一种能够有效提高换热管传热效率的强化传热元件,以其结构简单、加工容易的特点受到了很多学者的关注和研究。管内流体的传热性能及熵产往往作为评价换热管性能的重要参数,因此扭带结构与流动工质对这些参数的影响成为近年来研究的重点。本文主要综述了近十年来不同结构扭带对管内传热与熵产影响的研究进展。首先,将文献中研究的扭带按照几何结构进行分类,阐述和分析了不同类型扭带对换热管的传热、熵产以及综合性能的影响,试图找出几何结构与换热管传热性能以及熵产之间的联系。其次,介绍了扭带与纳米流体复合传热技术的研究进展。最后,归纳了研究人员为达到传热性能最大化以及熵产最小化而建立的传热和熵产模型,并对模型的优缺点进行了评价。     

Particle shape effect on the viscosity and thermal conductivity of ZnO nanofluids

The viscosity and thermal conductivity of ZnO nanofluids with nanoparticle shapes of nearly rectangular and of sphere, were experimentally investigated under various volume concentrations of the nanoparticles, ranging from 0.05 to 5.0 vol.%. The viscosity of the nanofluids increased with increases in the volume concentration by up to 69%. In addition, the enhancement of the viscosity of the nearly rectangular shape nanoparticles was found to be greater by 7.7%, than that of the spherical nanoparticles. The thermal conductivity of the ZnO nanofluids increased by up to 12% and 18% at 5.0 vol.% for the spherical and the nearly rectangular shape nanoparticles, respectively, compared to that of the base fluid (water). The shape of the particles is found to have a significant effect on the viscosity and thermal conductivity enhancements.     

Variation of optical properties,rheology, and microstructure in fullerene/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) nanofluids with fullerene content in n-butanol

In this study, we report non-linear variation of optical and rheology properties in fullerene (C₆₀)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) nanofluids (NFs) with C₆₀-content (C) in an alcoholic medium. From the absorption spectra, we found that the absorbance maximum (α_max) follows a non-linear path with C-value due to a donor–acceptor PVP → C₆₀ charge transfer in a C₆₀/PVP complex. The α_max value reaches maximum at a specific C₆₀-content of 13.9 μM due to percolation effect and then starts decreasing with a further increase in C-value over the subsequent region covered in this experiment. Models were proposed to show donor–acceptor interaction between C₆₀ and PVP. The molar extinction coefficient also drops through a peak maximum at 13.9-µM C₆₀. Regardless of the C-values, shear-thinning behavior was found in all NFs. The shear viscosity (η) value, which decreases with shear rate value over 5 to 100 s^?1, is shown to be increasing non-linearly against the C-value. The η-value varies non-linearly with C₆₀-content and shows a dip at a point near 13.9-µM C₆₀. High-resolution transmission electron microscope images reveal that the size of C₆₀/PVP nano-assemblies increases with C-value as PVP is anchoring C₆₀ molecules in specific structures.