Aqueous Hydrotropic Solution as an Efficient Solubilizing Agent for Andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata Leaves

Abstract

An aqueous solution based extraction process for andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata leaves has been developed using alkyl benzene sulfonates and carboxylates as hydrotropes. The plant cells are permeabilized by the hydrotrope solutions followed by solubilization of andrographolide into the solutions. The extraction and solubilization of andrographolide is affected by structure and concentration of hydrotrope, temperature and particle size. Sodium cumene sulfonate (Na‐CS) shows the most efficient solubilization of andrographolide amongst the hydrotropes studied. The solubility of andrographolide increased by two orders of magnitude in Na‐CS aqueous solutions and ～96% andrographolide extraction was achieved in just 20 min.     

异丙醇和苯液相烷基化反应制备异丙苯

研究MWW结构的有机硅微孔沸石催化剂在苯和异丙醇液相烷基化反应中的性能,考察反应温度、反应压力和空速等对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明,反应温度低于150℃时,催化剂活性和稳定性较差,主要反应为烷基化反应及异丙醇的分子内脱水和分子间脱水反应,反应产物为异丙苯、丙烯和异丙醚。反应温度高于170℃时,催化剂活性和稳定性良好,异丙醇接近完全转化,主要反应为烷基化反应,主要产物为异丙苯和多异丙苯。随着原料空速的增大,异丙醇转化率和异丙苯选择性降低,异丙醚和丙烯选择性增大。反应压力(1.5~2.5)MPa时,反应为液相烷基化过程,反应压力的变化对催化剂催化性能影响较小。     

Hydrotropic properties of some short-chain alkylbenzene- and alkylnaphthalene sulfonates

Alkylbenzene sulfonates based on toluene, xylene and cumene, and alkylnaphthalene sulfonates act as hydrotropes in surfactant systems. One measure of hydrotropicity is the amount of hydrotrope required to clear a cloudy detergent formulation; some hydrotropes are more effective than others, depending on the surfactant formulation. Another measure is the modification of the viscosity of surfactant formulations; the change in the viscosity depends on the amount and type of hydrotrope used and on the specific formulation involved. Additionally, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate hydrotropes change the solubility of nonionic surfactants in water, and both types of hydrotrope raise the cloud point of nonionic surfactant solutions; however, the naphthalene-based hydrotropes are more efficient. Ross-Miles foam test data are used to compare the foam characteristics of different alkylnaphthalene sulfonates. A critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined for the alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, but although alkylbenzene sulfonates do show some surface activity, a CMC could not be found for these materials. Presented as a poster session at the AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo, May 1997, Seattle, Washington, and at Soaps, Detergents, and Oleochemicals: An AOCS International Conference, October 1997, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.     

异丙苯裂化反应路径及苯生成影响因素分析

在催化裂化反应条件下，研究了异丙苯主要裂化反应路径以及反应过程中反应温度和分子筛类型对苯产率和选择性的影响规律。结果表明，异丙苯裂化中的主要反应为脱烷基反应和侧链质子化裂化反应，苯主要来自异丙苯的脱烷基反应；高温和择形分子筛有助于提高异丙苯裂化生成苯的产率和选择性；在反应温度为550℃、质量空速为8h-1、剂油质量比为6的条件下，异丙苯在择形分子筛催化剂上裂化生成苯的产率和选择性分别可达40%和55%以上。     

分子筛液相烃化合成异丙苯新工艺

概述了国内外分子筛液相烃化合成异丙苯新工艺的最新进展；对各种新工艺的分子筛催化剂的性能进行了比较；提出了提高分子筛液相烃化合成异丙苯反应工艺水平的看法和建议。     

Alkylation of benzene with isopropanol over SAPO‐5: A kinetic study

The kinetics of benzene alkylation with isopropanol has been studied in vapour phase over SAPO‐5 catalyst. On the basis of the product distribution pattern obtained over this large pore molecular sieve, a reaction mechanism has been proposed. Based on this reaction network, suitable phenomenological models have been derived and fitted to the kinetic data. A Langmuir‐Hinshelwood model with surface reaction involving single site mechanism fitted the data better than the other models. The deactivation kinetics has also been investigated in the low temperature chosen. The activation energy for the deactivation reaction in this range is found to be lower than that for the main reaction.     

用异丙苯过氧化氢作氧化剂合成环氧丙烷的新技术(续)

<正>(上接2007年第5期)3.4脱水-氢化工艺使回收PO后的反应液中的CMA先在催化剂存在下脱水转化成α-甲基苯乙烯,然后在氢化催化剂存在下,使α-甲基苯乙烯氢化为CM。     

合成异丙苯生产现状及技术进展

介绍了传统的异丙苯生产技术，综述了国内外合成异丙苯的生产现状及技术进展。针对国内合成异丙苯的研究现状，提出了今后重点是合成异丙苯的催化剂和反应工艺研究和开发。     

苯烃化和四聚丙烯共用一套装置的设计与使用

介绍兰州炼油化工总厂苯烃化和四聚丙烯工艺交替使用同一套装置的设计。由于两种工艺所用催化剂相同，反应机理和原料类同，所以可共用原料系统、反应系统和一些设施，节省用地４５２４ｍ２。依靠技术进步，节能降耗，每年获经济效益６６０万元     

异丙苯在Cu-HMS分子筛上的催化氧化

以含Cu的中孔分子筛(Cu-HMS)为催化剂,研究异丙苯的催化氧化。研究发现,Cu-HMS催化剂的加入使异丙苯氧化的诱导期显著缩短。在75℃下,以Cu-HMS为催化剂,O2为氧化剂的纯异丙苯氧化反应,苯乙酮为主要副产物,反应的选择性和转化率都很高。当催化剂用量为1 5×10-4mol/ml时,反应8h后,异丙苯转化率为32 7%,目的产物的累积浓度(质量分数)为37 7%,选择性为99%;反应12h后,异丙苯转化率为42 4%,目的产物的累积浓度为46 3%,选择性为95 6%。