Inhibitory activity of ginger rhizome on airway and uterine smooth muscle preparations

In this study, we describe the tracheal-relaxant and tocolytic activities of the methanol (ME) and aqueous (AQ) crude extracts of ginger (rhizome of Zingiber officinale) in an attempt to rationalize its traditional use in disorders of airways and uterine hyperactivity. Both of the ginger extracts dose-dependently relaxed K⁺ (80 mM) and carbachol (CCh, 1 μM)-induced contractions with more potency against K⁺, similar to that elicited by verapamil, a Ca²⁺ channel blocker. In isolated uterine preparations, the extracts suppressed the K⁺-induced contractions with respective EC₅₀ values of 0.03 mg/ml (0.02–0.05, 95% CI) and 0.05 mg/ml (0.04–0.06). Activity-directed fractionation of AQ yielded an organic and an aqueous fraction with the activities concentrated in the former. Both the crude extracts were found safe in mice up to the oral dose of 5 g/kg when tested for acute toxicity for 24 h. The study shows that ginger possesses tracheal and uterine smooth muscle relaxant activity, possibility mediated via Ca²⁺ channel blockade, justifying its use in disorders such as asthma, cough as well as in dysmenorrhoea and uterine and menstrual spasms and congestion.     

铁皮石斛多糖抗癌及免疫活性研究

研究了铁皮石斛多糖的抗癌及免疫活性。水提醇沉法提取铁皮石斛多糖,将其作用于癌细胞株(HepG2、A549、F9、NCCIT)和小鼠脾脏细胞、腹腔巨噬细胞,观察细胞形态变化,并用MTT法分析其对细胞增殖的作用。结果表明:铁皮石斛多糖能抑制癌细胞的增殖并促进脾脏细胞生长,铁皮石斛多糖具有一定的抗癌活性及免疫活性。     

6-脱氢姜酚的制取与鉴定

为了获得高纯度的脱氢姜酚,以干姜粉制取的姜油树脂为原料,通过溶剂萃取、硅胶干柱层析和硅胶柱真空层析等分离纯化方法,获得了黄色粉状物,通过紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱等测定证实所得粉状黄色粉状物为6-脱氢姜酚,证实了其烯醇互变异构体———6-脱氢姜二酮的存在。     

铁皮石斛叶多糖对秀丽隐杆线虫体内抗衰老作用

目的：基于模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫（以下简称线虫）探究铁皮石斛叶多糖的抗衰老能力。方法：采用含不同质量浓度（0.5、1.0、2.0 mg/mL）铁皮石斛叶多糖的大肠埃希氏菌OP50菌液每天饲喂线虫,以饲喂大肠埃希氏菌OP50菌液组作为空白对照,观察铁皮石斛叶多糖对线虫寿命、生殖能力、运动能力和应激能力的影响,同时测定线虫体内活性氧水平及抗氧化酶的酶活力,分析铁皮石斛叶多糖对线虫体内抗氧化能力的影响。结果：与空白对照组线虫相比,在本实验考察的质量浓度范围内,铁皮石斛叶多糖均可延长线虫的寿命,提高其运动、应激能力,同时不会损害线虫的生殖能力,并且能有效提高过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活力,显著降低线虫体内丙二醛含量（P＜0.05）。结论：铁皮石斛叶多糖可能通过提高线虫抗氧化酶活力及提高线虫抗应激能力,降低线虫体内活性氧水平并减缓细胞氧化损伤,进而发挥延长线虫寿命的功效。     

Essential oils of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade and their antibacterial activities

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistilation of the leaves and rhizomes of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade were analysed by capillary GC and GC–MS. Forty-six constituents were identified in the leaf oil, while 54 were identified in the oil from the rhizomes. The leaf oil was clearly dominated by β-caryophyllene (31.7%), while the oil from the rhizomes was predominantly monoterpenoid, with camphene (14.5%), geranial (14.3%), and geranyl acetate (13.7%) the three most abundant constituents. The evaluation of antibacterial activities using the micro-dilution technique revealed that both the leaf and rhizome oils were moderately active against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacilluslicheniformis, Bacillus spizizenii and Staphylococcus aureus, and the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas stutzeri.     

Isolation and structure determination of cassumunarins A,B, and C: New anti-inflammatory antioxidants from a tropical ginger,Zingiber cassumunar

New antioxidants, cassumunarins A, B, and C, were isolated from the rhizomes ofZingiber cassumunar, and the structures were determined by spectroscopic methods to be complex curcuminoids. The antixidant efficiency of cassumunarins was determined by inhibitory activity of autoxidation of linoleic acid in a buffer-ethanol system. The anti-inflammatory effect was measured by inhibition of edema formation on mouse ear induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Both types of activities were stronger for the cassumunarins than for the curcumin. Visiting scholar at University of Texas (October 1992–September 1993).     

铁皮石斛对孕鼠及仔鼠胚胎发育的影响

目的观察铁皮石斛对妊娠大鼠及胚胎发育的影响。方法将妊娠SD大鼠分为溶剂对照组及625、1250、2500 mg/kg铁皮石斛组。于妊娠的第7～16 d经口给予孕鼠不同剂量的铁皮石斛。妊娠第20 d颈椎脱臼法处死孕鼠并解剖,取出子宫称重,检查活胎、吸收胎和死胎数,逐个记录活胎鼠的体重、身长、胎盘重量。每窝检查约一半存活胎鼠的内脏,其余存活胎鼠检查骨骼。结果 3种剂量对妊娠大鼠无明显毒性。其中2500 mg/kg组胎鼠体重与对照组比较有统计学差异(P0.05),胎鼠其余各项指标与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论铁皮石斛对妊娠母鼠无明显影响,未见致胎鼠畸形作用,可引起胎鼠体重增加。     

茗荷中食用红色素提取及稳定性研究

采用单因素分析和正交试验L16(45),确定了提取茗荷红色素的最佳工艺条件,并分析了茗荷红色素的稳定性.结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1∶20,提取温度为50℃,提取剂的pH值为1,提取时间为120min.茗荷红色素的耐热性好,耐光性较差,在酸性条件、氧化剂和蔗糖、VC、淀粉和柠檬酸中稳定性较好;在还原剂、苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾中稳定性较差;色素对金属离子的稳定性较高,Fe3 、Al3 、Ca2 对色素有增色效果,Cu2 使色素溶液变色,Mg2 、Na 和K 对色素无不良影响.     

食品级纳米乳液递送姜酮酚的生物可及率研究

为解决姜酮酚辛辣刺激性强,口服生物利用度低的问题,采用高压均质法制备姜酮酚纳米乳液。以吐温80为乳化剂,考察菜籽油质量分数对粒径、电位、游离脂肪酸释放率、及生物可及率的影响。结果证实纳米乳液粒径随菜籽油质量分数增大明显增大(p＜0.05),Zeta电位无显著性差异；当菜籽油质量分数过小,即乳液过于粘稠时,会减缓油滴的消化速度。随菜籽油质量分数增大,生物可及率的提升效果越好。当菜籽油质量分数为20%时,姜酮酚的生物可及率比对照组提升了74.70%。