基于CiteSpace可视化分析代谢组学在中医药领域的研究现状及趋势＊

目的 应用可视化方法分析代谢组学在中医药领域的现状及趋势。方法 检索中国知网数据库（CNKI）和Web of Science 核心合集数据库2021年3月15日之前收录的中医药领域代谢组学研究的相关文献，应用CiteSpace软件对纳入的文献进行关键词、作者、研究机构等内容进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入中文文献247篇，英文文献350篇。文献数量在波动中迅速上升。中、英文文献作者合作网络显示，张爱华是中医药领域代谢组学研究发文量最多的作者，并形成了核心研究团队。发文机构显示，中国医学科学院是该领域的重要研究机构，机构间合作紧密。中、英文文献关键词分析显示，研究内容主要集中在核磁共振、代谢标记物、冠心病、质谱技术、代谢通路等相关领域。结论 中医药领域代谢组学研究的热点主要为中医药治疗代谢性疾病的机制研究。研究趋势为卵泡代谢组学研究及中药有效成分的研究。     

GB 15981—2021《消毒器械灭菌效果评价方法》标准解读

摘要 GB 15981—2021《消毒器械灭菌效果评价方法》代替GB 15981—1995《消毒与灭菌效果的评价方法与标准》，由国家市场监督管理总局、国家标准化委员会于2021年12月31日发布，2022年7月1日起实施。标准规定了灭菌器灭菌效果鉴定试验的试验器材、试验步骤、评价规定及注意事项。为配合该标准的宣贯实施，本文对修订背景、起草原则、主要技术指标的制修订依据等进行解读。     

模拟马术训练对脑卒中后共济失调的效果

目的 探索模拟马术训练对后循环卒中共济失调患者姿势控制、平衡、步行和日常生活活动能力的效果。     

江西部分省级医院食源性疾病沙门菌监测与分子分型研究

目的 分析江西省食源性主动监测感染性腹泻病例的流行病学特征及沙门菌的检出及分型情况。方法收集2家国家级哨点医院感染性腹泻病例粪便标本共269份进行沙门菌检测，对检出的沙门菌进行血清学分型及脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)法分子生物学分型。结果 269例样本内沙门菌检出率为15.99%(43/269),其中男性及女性病例沙门菌的检出率分别为14.39%(20/139)和17.70%(23/130),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.546,P=0.460)。0～6岁患者组占病例总数的52.42%,沙门菌检出率为23.40%(33/141);>6岁患者组占病例总数的47.58%,沙门菌检出率为7.81%(10/128),不同年龄组间沙门菌检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=16.035,P=0.010)。检出的43株沙门菌分属于12种血清型，鼠伤寒沙门菌占比最高[53.49%(23/43)]。检出沙门菌中34株的PFGE分子分型带型相似度在47.0%～100.0%之间，大部分同一血清型沙门菌的PFGE图谱能聚集成簇，20株鼠伤寒沙门菌聚集成2簇，其中3株布利丹沙门菌高度同源。结论 2020年江西2家省级医院食源性疾病沙门菌感染病例以6岁以下儿童为主，鼠伤寒沙门菌为优势菌且存在变种可能，部分病例之间可能存在流行病学关联。     

榄香烯联合中频交变微电流抑制胶质瘤U251细胞增殖

目的探索榄香烯联合中频交变微电流对胶质瘤U251细胞活力、凋亡和周期的影响。方法中频交变微电流作用胶质瘤U251细胞,筛选最佳作用参数;运用CCK-8法分析榄香烯不同药物浓度对U251细胞活力的影响;将U251细胞分为对照组、中频交变微电流组(50 kHz、150 mA、30 min)、榄香烯组(IC_(50):235μmol/L)、中频交变微电流与榄香烯联合组,连续作用3天后,观察细胞形态,利用CCK-8、流式细胞术分析中频交变微电流、榄香烯对胶质瘤U251细胞活力、凋亡和周期的影响。结果中频交变微电流的最佳作用参数为:50 kHz、150 mA、30 min,榄香烯的IC_(50)为235μmol/L;与对照组比较,中频交变微电流组、榄香烯组、联合组细胞存活率降低,分别为[(86.5±0.3)%、(51.7±2.3)%、(36.2±1.0)%,P0.05]。中频交变微电流组、榄香烯组、联合组的凋亡率分别为(17.2±2.7)%、(47.5±2.2)%、(68.5±1.7)%,均高于对照组[(4.4±1.2)%,P0.05];中频交变微电流组、联合组均将细胞阻滞于G_2/M期。结论榄香烯联合中频交变微电流可抑制U251细胞的活力、促进细胞凋亡、改变细胞周期,能够协同抗肿瘤。     

Effects of the Clearing the Lung and Dissipating Phlegm Method in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and to provide evidence for the treatment of the disease. Materials and Methods: Literature was searched from the United States National Library of Medicine(PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database(Wanfang), and the Full?Text Database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Periodicals(VIP).A comprehensive collection was made of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) before June 2018, in which the treatment groups used either the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm formulas only or combined it with routine Western medicine therapy, and the control group adopted routine Western medicine therapy only for the acute exacerbation of COPD. The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. The data were analyzed and retrieved independently by two reviewers before meta?analysis was carried out with RevMan 5.3 software to evaluate the primary outcome measures, including the total clinical effective rate, and the secondary outcome measures such as the pulmonary function(forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in the 1 s [FEV1], percentage of FEV1 [FEV1%], and FEV1/FVC)and blood gases(PaO_2 and PaCo_2). Results: A total of 13 RCTs involving 990 patients(496 in the treatment group and 494 in the control group)were included in this study. Meta?analysis revealed significant difference in the efficacy of the group that adopted solely the routine Western medicine method and the group that combined the Western medicine with the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method. Outcome measures including the pulmonary function(FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC) and the blood gases(PaO_2 and PaCo_2) were significantly improved as compared to the control group(P 0.00001). However, adverse effects in the treatment group using combined traditional Chinese medicine were not reported due to the short observation time of the study. Conclusion: The clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method can improve the efficacy in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD, the outcome measures of the pulmonary function and the blood gases,as well as the life quality of the patients. However, due to the fact that the existing studies are generally of poor quality in which randomization and its implementation were not properly carried out, more high?quality RCTs are necessary to confirm the findings of this study.     

Simultaneous Determination of Six Compounds in Rat Plasma by Ultra‑Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Application in the Pharmacokinetic Study of Qing Gan‑Shu Yu‑Fang

A rapid and high selective ultra?performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of six compounds including albiflorin, paeoniflorin, picroside I, picroside II, saikosaponin A, and saikosaponin D in rat plasma was developed and validated using butyl p-hydroxybenzoate as an internal standard. One-step direct protein precipitation with acetonitrile was used to extract the compounds from the rat plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, using gradient mode containing 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile were used as the Mobile phase A and B. Electrospray ionization in negative ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used to identify and quantify active components. Calibration curves showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9908) over a wide concentration range for all compounds. The intra- and interday precision (relative standard deviation) ranged 2.4%–7.0% and 2.6%–8.0%, respectively. The accuracy (relative error) was from ?13.0% to 13.2% at all quality control levels. The recovery ranged from 81.1% to 92.5%. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of Qing Gan?Shu Yu?Fang. The results show that one can draw a conclusion that these six active ingredients can be quickly absorbed and play a pharmacodynamic role rapidly in vivo.     

Masquelet技术结合股前外侧分叶皮瓣修复手掌贯通伤伴复合组织缺损15例

目的 探讨应用Masquelet技术结合游离股前外侧分叶皮瓣修复手掌贯通伤伴复合组织缺损的疗效.方法 2014年1月至2017年1月,收治手掌贯通伤伴复合组织缺损15例,均为男性,年龄20 ~45岁,软组织缺损面积2.0 cm×2.0 cm^8.0 cm×10.0 cm,骨缺损长度1.0 ~4.6 cm,伴或不伴有肌腱、神经、血管缺损.2例存在指掌侧固有动脉缺损,急诊采用清创加骨折复位钢板或克氏针固定治疗,骨水泥充填骨缺损,并用游离股前外侧分叶皮瓣加前臂皮下静脉行血管移植;13例急诊采用清创加骨折复位钢板内固定加骨水泥充填骨缺损后,VSD敷料覆盖创面,择期用游离股前外侧分叶皮瓣覆盖创面,在皮瓣修复同时选择掌长肌腱、股前外侧皮神经移植修复肌腱、神经缺损.术后8~10周创面无感染,行Masquelet技术植骨重建掌骨缺损,并定期随访.结果 本组15例皮瓣术后均全部成活,术后随访12~24个月,平均18个月,X线片示均骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为植骨后3.2个月,后续观察无骨吸收.手功能按手外科学会上肢功能评定标准进行评定:结果优13例,良2例.结论 手掌贯通伤伴复合组织缺损需采用综合治疗方法,Masquelet技术结合游离股前外侧分叶皮瓣对其修复重建是一种有效、安全、可行的治疗方法.     

新型冠状病毒核酸检测在眼科医院疫情防控中的实践与有效性研究

目的:探索以系统化、标准化的新型冠状病毒核酸检测为核心和重要组成部分,建立适合于眼科医院新冠疫情精准防控切实可行的防控体系。方法:系列病例研究。自2020年2月24日至3月2日期间,以标准化病毒核酸检测联合血常规、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)等检测作为所有眼科手术患者术前筛查常规检测项目,同时也为返岗员工提供病毒核酸检测。设计调查问卷了解受检者对鼻咽拭子采样的接受度以及核酸检测结果对其心理状态的影响。结果:99例患者血液学检测结果有一定的异常比例,其中SAA检测结果增高13例,淋巴细胞计数减低12例、增高5例,白细胞计数增高11例、减低1例,CRP增高2例,新型冠状病毒核酸检测均阴性。33例本院职工新型冠状病毒核酸检测均阴性。12%的受访者对鼻咽拭子采样接受度评分较低。受检者在核酸检测前后思想压力评分较高的比例分别为46.7%和6.7%。结论:该项举措一方面为术前新冠病毒肺炎筛查及鉴别诊断提供了客观依据,很大程度上排除了隐性无症状感染者传播的可能,有利于减少二次传播的风险,降低院内交叉感染的概率;另一方面,核酸检测阴性结果有利于调整患者术前的心理状态并缓解医护人员在疫情防控期间的心理压力。     

我国茯苓炮制加工和产品研发现状与展望

茯苓是我国大宗中药原料,也是卫生部批准的药食两用中药资源。趁鲜蒸制加工已基本取代"发汗"工艺,成为茯苓主流的初加工技术。茯苓经不同方法炮制得到有白茯苓、赤茯苓、茯苓皮、炒茯苓和朱茯苓,其功效各有侧重。茯苓在古代经典名方中应用广泛,现代已形成桂枝茯苓丸等主打中成药产品。国家中医药管理局公布的《古代经典名方目录(第一批)》100首方剂中,以茯苓为主要原料的经典名方占到了24%。以茯苓为原料的保健食品多达776个,主要保健功能为免疫调节、缓解体力疲劳和改善睡眠。茯苓的应用已经形成了涉及普通食品、化妆品、中兽药和饲料添加剂的综合开发体系。加强质量控制、规范化炮制生产和功效突出的产品研发将是茯苓产业发展的趋势。