Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi play essential roles in many application fields, like biotechnique, medical technique and industrial domain. Microorganism counting techniques are crucial in microorganism analysis, helping biologists and related researchers quantitatively analyze the microorganisms and calculate their characteristics, such as biomass concentration and biological activity. However, traditional microorganism manual counting methods, such as plate counting method, hemocytometry and turbidimetry, are time-consuming, subjective and need complex operations, which are difficult to be applied in large-scale applications. In order to improve this situation, image analysis is applied for microorganism counting since the 1980s, which consists of digital image processing, image segmentation, image classification and suchlike. Image analysis-based microorganism counting methods are efficient comparing with traditional plate counting methods. In this article, we have studied the development of microorganism counting methods using digital image analysis. Firstly, the microorganisms are grouped as bacteria and other microorganisms. Then, the related articles are summarized based on image segmentation methods. Each part of the article is reviewed by methodologies. Moreover, commonly used image processing methods for microorganism counting are summarized and analyzed to find common technological points. More than 144 papers are outlined in this article. In conclusion, this paper provides new ideas for the future development trend of microorganism counting, and provides systematic suggestions for implementing integrated microorganism counting systems in the future. Researchers in other fields can refer to the techniques analyzed in this paper.
Information Systems and e-Business Management - Nowadays, consumers spend more time on and pay more attention to information on social media. Thus, firms are constantly concerned if... 相似文献
In this study, a novel chrysanthemum polysaccharide (CP) was obtained and investigated from Chrysanthemum morifolium tea in Hubei province, China. Molecular characterisation and emulsifying properties of the CP were elucidated. The effects of different factors, including storage time, metal ions, pH value and heat treatment, were studied on the stability of emulsion. Results showed that the mean particle diameter (MPD) (d32) varied from 5.54 to 0.49 μm with the polysaccharide concentration ranging from 0.5wt% to 3.0wt%. The MPD (d32) of emulsions stabilised by chrysanthemum tea polysaccharide (ECP) was smaller than that of GA at 2wt%, and the MPD (d32) of ECP remained stable with no stratification occurred at 25 °C for 10 days. ECP also showed good stability under acidic conditions (3.0–7.0). With increase of Na+ and Ca2+ concentration, MPD(d32) and zeta potential values raised significantly, from 2.24 to 7.24 μm and from −40.52 to −35.35 mV respectively. After high-temperature heat treatment, MPD (d32) and zeta potential showed no significant change, indicating ECP presented good storage stability. In conclusion, CP helped stabilised emulsions that could be used as a natural emulsifier for future application. 相似文献