家具甲醛散发量测试研究

建立了一种不同于现行木家具标准的测试方法,利用30m3大型空气质量测试舱,模拟家具的实际使用环境对几类不同材质的家具在散发稳定阶段的单位面积甲醛释放量进行了测试.分析了不同材质的家具的散发规律、稳定阶段的单位面积散发量.最后讨论了本文提出的家具的测试方法及测试指标在实际工程中的应用价值.     

Water vapor adsorption in activated carbon modified with hydrophilic organic salts

Five different kinds of hydrophilic organic salts were used to modify commercial activated carbon in order to prepare hydrophilic carbon materials. Properties of the samples were analyzed by surface area analyzer and SEM-EDX. The hydrophilic organic salts with different properties were introduced into activated carbon and significantly affected the properties of the samples.During adsorption experiments, the water vapor adsorption amount in modified samples increases by 0.57-17.12 times in temperature range from 303 to 323 K and at relative pressure below 0.50. Water molecules combined with surface hydrophilic groups through H-bonding exhibit good thermo stability. The effects of temperature, oxygen content and properties of the hydrophilic organic salts on water vapor adsorption were studied. It is indicated that water vapor adsorption in modified samples is mainly affected by the surface oxygen content. The carboxylate radicals in the hydrophilic organic salts greatly affect the micropore structure of the modified samples, while the metal ions in them exhibit limited influence. Different adsorption capacity of modified samples can be explained with the electronegativity of elements presented by Pauling.     

酸改性活性炭对甲苯、甲醇的吸附性能

分别用1 mol·L^-1硝酸、1 mol·L^-1盐酸、1 mol·L^-1硫酸对商业活性炭进行浸渍改性。采用比表面积及孔径分析仪、Boehm滴定、傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)对活性炭的物化性质进行表征。以甲苯、甲醇为吸附质,在283 K下进行了固定床吸附实验。研究表明:酸改性能去除表面碱性基团,显著增加表面酸性含氧官能团的含量;酸改性活性炭的吸附量与其比表面积、总孔容、微孔孔容、表面总酸性官能团呈现出良好的线性关系;Langmuir方程比Freundlich方程更加适合描述甲苯、甲醇在活性炭上的吸附;甲醇在活性炭上为物理吸附,甲苯在活性炭上以物理吸附为主,与表面官能团之间的化学键作用能增强甲苯吸附量;甲苯、甲醇在活性炭上的微孔有效扩散系数的大小顺序为:AC-N>AC-1>AC-S>AC-C;并且甲醇的微孔有效扩散系数大于甲苯。     

论工程造价预结算审核

本文阐述了在工程造价的预结算审核中，根据确定合理工程造价预结算审核的必要程序和重要的手段。由于建设工程预结算的审棱是一门专业性、知识性、政策性、技巧性很强的工作，因此需要我们在工作中不断地学习、总结和提高。     

保护膜用高剥离力丙烯酸酯乳液压敏胶的研制

以丙烯酸丁酯（BA）、丙烯酸酯（2-EHA）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、苯乙烯（St）、丙烯酸（AA）、丙烯酸羟丙酯（HPA）为原料进行乳液共聚,合成了保护膜用丙烯酸酯乳液压敏胶,讨论了各种单体、乳化剂、交联剂对压敏胶性能的影响。结果表明,该压敏胶具有较高的剥离强度和初黏力,同时具有较好的耐高温高湿老化性能。     

Pressure swing adsorption modeling of acetone and toluene on activated carbon

A five steps pressure swing adsorption process was designed for acetone and toluene mixtures separation and recovery. Dynamic distributions of gas phase content and temperature were investigated. Based on the theory of Soret and Dufour, a non-isothermal mathematical model was developed to simulate the PSA process. Effects of heat and mass transfer coefficients were studied. The coupled Soret and Dufour effects were also evaluated. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient has little effect on mass transfer in adsorption stage. However, it has some impacts in desorption stage. The maximum value of C/C0 increases by about 25% as heat transfer coefficient decreases. The temperature variation is less than 0.05 K with the change of mass transfer coefficient, so that the effect of mass transfer coefficient on heat transfer can be ignored. It is also concluded that the Soret and Dufour coupled effects are not obvious in pressure swing adsorption compared with fixed-bed adsorption.     

除草剂敌草胺的环境毒理研究进展

敌草胺是酰胺类手性除草剂,因具有良好的灭草活性而被广泛应用。敌草胺由于在环境中半衰期较长而药效持久,且易随水流扩散,因此对生物体和环境构成危害的潜在威胁性较大。本文叙述了敌草胺的结构、理化性质、特性及应用概况,综述了其在环境中的分布和残留检测方法、动态、环境毒理与生态效应、生物降解等方面的研究进展,以期为敌草胺的分解代谢研究、污染治理和科学施用提供可借鉴依据。     

四随动式线加速度计动态校准装置的研制

常规振动台因输出幅值有限无法满足线加速度计高g值下的动态校准,针对该问题研制出带四随动平台的离心机。在分析了其工作原理基础上,从结构及电控两方面介绍了装置研制过程。结构方面首先介绍了装置轴系设计,其次以模拟计算出的轴系惯量值及要求转速值为设计输入进行了电机选型计算,并介绍了测角码盘的配置情况。电控方面,以稳速台为例,采用“空间矢量脉宽调制+id=0控制”方法建立系统模型,并给出调速模式仿真结果。以随动台为例,位置环设计采用复合控制方法,利用动态误差系数法由“双十指标”推算出前馈控制器参数可行域。最后通过实验对装置速率精度及平稳性指标、跟随正弦指令的幅值误差及相移指标进行了精度测试,结果表明校准装置满足项目指标要求,系统达到预期控制效果。     

自然降雨下光伏组件积灰预测方法研究

为了预测光伏组件上的积灰量,以相关气象因素为输入变量,基于最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)预测算法,并通过改进粒子群算法(PSO)中惯性因子的衰减方式提高预测算法寻优鲁棒性。在积灰预测模型中考虑当地时空因素,引入强相关的降雨量,并结合光伏组件发电功率衰减率,建立自然降雨清洗下的积灰预测模型。在杭州地区进行测量实验,通过实例计算表明此模型可快速预测统计周期内光伏组件积灰量以及积灰引起功率衰减率,为精准预测光伏发电功率和制定组件清洁频率提供依据。