Application of multiple sensory evaluations to produce fermented beverages made from sole whey using Kluyveromyces marxianus

Various fermented whey-based beverages have been developed to reduce waste. However, approaches to increase the preference of whey-based beverages are required because of the low sensory acceptability of whey. Here, we identified the better starting material (whey type), between raw whey (RW) and demineralised whey (DMW), and determined the optimal initial concentration using multiple sensory evaluations to develop acceptable fermented beverages made from sole whey with pure cultured Kluyveromyces marxianus (i.e. without additional ingredients and processing methods). Acceptance tests showed that fermented beverages made from DMW were superior to RW as the starting material. The amounts of ethanol produced were 5.0%, 7.6% and 9.5% v/v from the different initial DMW concentrations of 10%, 15% and 20% w/v, respectively. We observed a significant positive correlation (r_s = 0.32, P < 0.05) between the assessment attributes, strength of taste as alcohol beverage and overall acceptability, indicating that higher concentrations of DMW yielded a more desirable product.     

哈尔滨近代建筑的形态母题及美学意匠1、2

本文从形态学的角度通过对哈尔滨近代建筑顶部形态（屋顶突出物和女儿墙）的细部构成的归纳、抽象，概括出其母题的基本类型；并根据统计结果，得出具有普遍性的形态母题。通过对整体关系的抽象，概括出其模式的基本类型；并根据统计结果，得出具有普遍性的关系模式；在上述定量分析的基础上，结合美学原理，对其所蕴含的美学意匠作了分析。     

可调谐高分子MMI光波导功率分配器的研究

设计了一种基于多模干涉(MMI)波导结构的可调谐功率分配器,利用高分子含氟聚酰亚氨材料的热光效应,调节多模波导中局部区域的折射率,可实现两单模输出导模的输出功率比在较大范围内连续可调谐.BPM防真证实了这一结果.     

Construction of Cellulose Binding Domain Fusion FMN-Dependent NADH-Azoreductase and Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase for the Development of Flow Injection Analysis with Fusion Enzymes Immobilized on Cellulose

The cellulose binding domain (CBD) of cellulosome-integrating protein A from Clostridium thermocellum NBRC 103400 was genetically fused to FMN-dependent NADH-azoreductase (AZR) and glucose 1-dehydrogenase (GDH) from Bacillus subtilis. The fusion enzymes, AZR-CBD and CBD-GDH, were expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami B (DE3). The enzymes were purified from cell-free extracts, and the specific activity of AZR-CBD was 15.1 U/mg and that of CBD-GDH was 22.6 U/mg. AZR-CBD and CBD-GDH bound strongly to 0.5 % swollen cellulose at approximately 95 and 98 % of the initial protein amounts, respectively. After immobilization onto the swollen cellulose, AZR-CBD and CBD-GDH retained their catalytic activity. Both enzymes bound weakly to 0.5 % microcrystalline cellulose, but the addition of a high concentration of microcrystalline cellulose (10 %) improved the binding rate of both enzymes. A reactor for flow injection analysis was filled with microcrystalline cellulose-immobilized AZR-CBD and CBD-GDH. This flow injection analysis system was successfully applied for the determination of glucose, and a linear calibration curve was observed in the range of approximately 0.16–2.5 mM glucose, with a correlation coefficient, r, of 0.998.     

A design and simulation tool for ground source heat pump system using energy piles with large diameter

Calculation of the underground temperature resulting from heat injection/extraction into/from ground heat exchangers (GHEXs) with hourly variation is one of the most noteworthy challenges to address when simulating and designing a ground source heat pump (GSHP). In order to overcome this challenge, the authors introduce a method to calculate the underground temperature, by considering heat injection/extraction into/from GHEXs with hourly variation. The method applies the superposition of the infinite cylindrical source (ICS) solution and the infinite line source (ILS) solution to calculate the temperature change due to heat injection/extraction into/from the considered GHEX and other neighboring GHEXs, respectively. The calculation method also considers heat injection/extraction from GHEXs with different heat injection/extraction rates and is able to accommodate GHEXs with large diameters such as energy piles. The calculation method was evaluated by applying it to calculate the temperature variation of the heat carrier fluid in a GSHP system with energy piles.     

Pulsed Laser Processing of Carbon and Silicon Clusters and Thin Films

Abstract

Several new processes have been developed for the preparation of fullerenes and thin films by using a pulsed excimer laser. The irradiation of a pulsed KrF excimer laser beam onto a C₆₀ powder target produced single phase C₆₀ thin films when the laser energy fluence was in the range between 40 and 50mJ/cm². By atomic force microscopy, the laser-deposited C₆₀ thin film was verified to have a surface far smoother that the surfaces of films produced by the conventional evaporation method. The stainless steel rods coated with this film exhibited an excellent tribological property. Cluster formation from SiC and other carbides MC_n(M=Ti,W,B) was investigated by laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry. No clear indication was observed for the production of such clusters as (SiC)₆₀ and (M_xC_60-x) from the sintered targets directly as well as from the films laser deposited from the targets. However, C₆₀ and C₇₀ were found to exists in the laser-deposited films, indicating a new applicability of pulsed laser processing for segregative cluster synthesis from solid solution. Preliminiary results on thin film deposition via pulsed ablation of (Ba,Na)_xSi₄₆ clathrate were also presented.     

Data-driven approach to solve vertical drain under time-dependent loading

Currently, the vertical drain consolidation problem is solved by numerous analytical solutions, such as time-dependent solutions and linear or parabolic radial drainage in the smear zone, and no artificial intelligence (AI) approach has been applied. Thus, in this study, a new hybrid model based on deep neural networks (DNNs), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed to solve this problem. The DNN can effectively simulate any sophisticated equation, and the PSO and GA can optimize the selected DNN and improve the performance of the prediction model. In the present study, analytical solutions to vertical drains in the literature are incorporated into the DNN–PSO and DNN–GA prediction models with three different radial drainage patterns in the smear zone under time-dependent loading. The verification performed with analytical solutions and measurements from three full-scale embankment tests revealed promising applications of the proposed approach.     

ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF COBALT( II) IONS ON LAYERED DIHYDROGEN TETRATITANATE HYDRATE FIBERS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS IN THE RANGE FROM 298 to 523 K

The adsorption properties of cobalt(II) ions have been studied on layered dihydrogen tetratitanate hydrate fibers, H₂Ti₄O₉,?nH₂O, in the temperature range from 298 to 523?K. The distribution coefficients of the adsorption of cobalt (II) ions were increased with increasing temperatures up to 367?K, but were decreased in the temperature range between 367 and 523?K. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the fibers indicate that the fibers hold layer structure up to 367?K, but change to low crystalline anatase or its precursor above that temperature. It is notable that the material has the capability of cobalt (II) adsorption even at 523?K, although the maximum is present at 367?K.     

Robust scene recognition using a GA and real-world raw-image

This paper presents a new concept of scene recognition by a genetic algorithm (GA), using the 2-D gray-scale image of a working space, termed here as raw-image, and a model shaping the 2-D top-surface of a target object. In fact here, the problem of object recognition in the raw-image is changed into an optimization problem of a model-based evaluation function. We make use in this research of a GA, as a search and optimization method. This GA employs a model-based fitness function as its objective function to perform the search of a target in the raw-image. In this research, three object models, namely a frame model, a surface model, and a surface-strips model are investigated in order to determine which one is the best for scene recognition in a noisy environment. Also, in order to appraise the recognition performance of each model, a comparative study is performed by analyzing the answers to the following criteria questions: sensitivity, reliability, and speed. The effectiveness of the method has been verified through experiments using real-world raw-images, and the method has shown its robustness of object recognition with the surface-strips model, in spite of the noises in the scene.