The assessment of commercial beef and chicken bouillons in terms of heterocyclic aromatic amines and some of their precursors

Herein, the assessment of commercial beef and chicken bouillons in terms of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) and some of their precursors was evaluated. Creatine and creatinine levels were ranged between 0.57–0.80 and 0.28–0.94 mg g⁻¹, respectively. Glutamic acid was found to be the most abundant amino acid in both bouillons. 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-ƒ]quinoxaline (7,8-DiMeIQx, up to 0.03 ng g⁻¹) was the only quantified analyte in beef bouillons, whereas it (up to 0.08 ng g⁻¹) was determined in addition to 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-ƒ]quinoxaline (IQx, up to 0.08 ng g⁻¹) in chicken bouillons. Creatine, creatinine and free amino acid composition did not have the capacity to initiate the formation of HAAs. Therefore, bouillons do not pose risk in terms of HAAs. However, it should be noted that multiple factors, such as the substrate amount and production conditions, may affect the results. Glutamic acid content is remarkable in commercial bouillons sold in Turkey.     

A hotel recommendation system based on customer location: a link prediction approach

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Hotel recommendation is one of the most used application areas in recommendation systems. So far, many hotel recommendation systems have been proposed. Most of...     

Analyzing the determinants of carbon emissions from transportation in European countries: the role of renewable energy and urbanization

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - The continuous growth of transport sector and the increase in carbon emissions from transportation attract the attention of policy makers in...     

The effect of liposome on dyeing mohair/wool blends

The aim of this study was to examine the use of liposome in the dyeing of wool and mohair fibres with acid dyestuffs. Soybean lecithin and cholesterol were used to form the liposome membrane utilised in the dyebath. Liposome production was performed according to the thin lipid layer method (Bangham Method) using a rotary evaporator. Two different forms of liposome were used for dyeing wool and mohair fibres. In its first form, liposome was utilised as an auxiliary agent, where it was added to a conventional dyebath at the beginning of the process. In its second form, dyes were encapsulated with liposome and then used in dyeing. The effects of these two different forms of liposome were compared with conventional dyeing. Dyeing was carried out at depths of shade of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% using three different concentrations of liposome (0.33%, 0.66% and 1.33%). An analysis of K/S values, fastness to washing, and the alkali solubility of fibres was conducted. The fibre samples dyed in the presence of liposome exhibited very good fastness to light (grade 8). The wash fastness test results of the liposomal‐dyed samples were significantly better (grade 4‐5) than for those samples which were conventionally dyed. In the presence of liposome, the tensile strength of fibres was 20 gf, whereas it was 11 gf without liposomes.     

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2020

International Journal of Computer Vision -     

Synthesis and polymerizations of novel bisphosphonate‐containing methacrylates derived from alkyl α‐hydroxymethacrylates

The synthesis and polymerizations of four novel bisphosphonate‐containing monomers are reported. The monomers were synthesized from reaction of ethyl and tert‐butyl α‐bromomethacrylates with 3,3‐bis(diethoxyphosphoryl)propanoic acid or with tetraethyl 4‐hydroxybutane‐1,1‐diyldiphosphonate. Their thermal bulk polymerizations, photopolymerizations and copolymerizations with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate were investigated. The homopolymerizations resulted in polymers with values of 25 000–83 000 g mol^?1; the copolymerizations yielded soluble polymers with 22–34% incorporation of the new monomers; the photopolymerizations gave some structure–reactivity correlation; and one of the homopolymers, upon hydrolysis of its bisphosphonate groups, could interact with hydroxyapatite. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry