Densities and Viscosities of Oleic Acid at Atmospheric Pressure

The densities of oleic acid were measured over the temperature range from (293 to 459) K at atmospheric pressure using a densimeter based on the modified hydrostatic weighing method. The dynamic viscosities of the same oleic acid sample were measured using a capillary viscometer (VPZ-2 m) in the range from (293 to 363) K at atmospheric pressure. The combined expanded uncertainty of the density, atmospheric pressure, viscosity, and temperature measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.15%, 1.0%, 3.5%, and 15 mK, respectively. The values of uncertainty for density and viscosity include the effects of purity and calibration (total expanded uncertainty). These experimental data were used to develop wide-range correlations for the density and viscosity based on theoretically confirmed Arrhenius–Andrade and Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) models. The value of the glass temperature ( T _g= 179.78 K.) for the oleic acid was estimated using the VTF parameters derived from the present viscosity measurements. To additionally validate the reliability of the measured density data, the same oleic acid samples were measured using the pycnometric method. The present study showed that the densities measured using the modified hydrostatic weighing densimeter (HWD) agree with the values obtained using the pycnometric method within 0.09% for Sample 1 and 0.25% for Sample 2.     

Protective properties of detonation-deposited coatings from powders alloyed with aluminum and boron

Conclusions The corrosion resistance of detonation-deposited coatings from aluminum- and boron-containing PKh20N80 alloy, nickel, and stainless steel powders markedly surpasses that of constructional steel. The electrochemical properties of such detonation-deposited coatings are determined by their composition and thickness. The basis material is effectively protected against corrosion by 600-Mm-thick coatings. Under conditions of corrosive and mechanical wear detonation-deposited coatings from aluminum- and boron-containing 20% Cr-80% Ni alloy, nickel, and stainless steel powders operate satisfactorily under loads of not more than 5 MPa. The results of service tests have demonstrated the usefulness of detonation-deposited coatings from alloyed powders. Coating with powder of composition III was found to increase the useful life of certain parts of spraying equipment two to two and a half times.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 8 (272), pp. 52–55, August, 1985.     

On the variability of the exponent in real-gas processes

The problem of an equivalent constant exponent in real-gas processes is analyzed here. A numerical example is shown where air undergoes adiabatic compression.Notation p pressure - T absolute temperature - v specific volume - , k adiabatic exponents Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 1107–1109, June, 1972.     

Influence of the structure factor of P/M materials on the strength and plastic properties of type VK detonation coatings

Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 11 (347), pp. 24–30, November, 1991.     

Calculating the properties of a real gas from tables of thermodynamic functions

The feasibility of applying numerical differentiation methods to tables of thermodynamic functions is demonstrated on several numerical examples.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 735–739, April, 1973.     

Extraction of hydrocarbons from oil emulsions with the use of a supercritical fluid extraction process with propane-butane extractant

Current paper represents the results of the study on extraction of hydrocarbons from oil emulsions using liquid and supercritical extraction processes. High-viscosity oil from Ashalchinskoye accumulation has been taken as a base for the emulsions with subsequent addition of water (0.5–30% wt.). A mixture of propane and butane has been applied as an extractant. The investigations have been carried out at temperatures 85–140?°C and pressures 10–15?MPa. The achieved output of light hydrocarbons is 93% of the total mass of hydrocarbons in emulsion. In parallel with the extraction, deasphaltizing has also been carried out.     

Supercritical Fluid Media in Challenges of Substance and Material Dispersion

The paper deals with the problem of material dispersion using supercritical fluid media. At the same time, emphasis is made on modifications(SAS, GAS, SEDS and ASES) of the supercritical fluid anti-solvent method of dispersion. The results of SAS method implementation for dispersion of pure polycarbonate and polycarbonate doped with "CdSe/CdS-core/shell" quantum dots(carried out in the pressure range of 8.0-25.0 MPa at temperatures of 313.15 K and 358.15 K) are submitted. The range of the operating parameters has been established through the example of pure polycarbonate dispersion, which provides the production of nanoparticles with the size range of 10-100 nm. Encapsulation of Cd Se/Cd S quantum dots into polycarbonate using the SAS method has no effect on optical properties of the encapsulated quantum dots. The results of paracetamol dispersion using the SEDS method are presented. The effect of operating conditions of the paracetamol dispersion process on morphology of the obtained product is described. Co-dispersion of ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers and low-density polyethylene mixtures by SEDS method has been carried out under pressures of 8.0-25.0 MPa at temperatures of 313 K, 323 K, and 333 K. The comparison of melting and crystallization between the resulting copolymer mixtures and mixtures with the same composition obtained by mixing in the liquid melt, has shown that implementation of SEDS results in an increase of crystallinity degree of the polymer mixtures.     

Supercritical fluid propane–butane extraction treatment of oil-bearing sands

The results of using processes of liquid and supercritical fluid extraction to isolate hydrocarbons from oil-bearing sands have been presented. The initial oil-bearing sand is characterized by a concentration of hydrocarbons of 7.23 wt % of the total weight of the sandstone. A mixture containing 75 wt % propane and 25 wt % butane has been used as the extracting agent. Extraction processes have been carried out in a temperature range of 80–140°C and pressure range of 5–10 MPa.