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1.
Tsukaho Yahagi Daisuke Kawai Takuma Takahashi Motoyuki Iijima Junichi Tatami 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2022,105(3):2046-2057
Si3N4 ceramics with excellent mechanical properties are used for heat dissipation substrates and so on. In order to improve their reliability and expand their application fields, it is desirable to understand and control the electrical properties of Si3N4 ceramics. In this study, the electrical resistivity of Si3N4 ceramics with Yb2O3 additive was investigated by applying various voltages at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 300°C. When Yb2O3 was added as a sintering aid to Si3N4 ceramics, a crystalline J-phase (Yb4Si2O7N2) was formed and their electrical resistivity was significantly lower than that of Y2O3 additive. The electrical resistivity of the Yb2O3-added ceramics decreased with an increase in temperature and applied voltage. Yb existed in multiple valence states, Yb2+ and Yb3+, in the Si3N4 ceramics and the decrease in the electrical resistivity can be attributed hopping conduction through the J-phase. The J-phase in the Si3N4 ceramics was observed to be continuous, and percolation analysis suggested that the J-phase formed an infinite cluster. Therefore, the decrease in the electrical resistivity of the Yb2O3-added Si3N4 ceramics was found mainly to result from the formation of an infinite cluster of J-phase, which exhibits hopping conduction. 相似文献
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3.
Motoyuki Karita Koji Asaka Hitoshi Nakahara Yahachi Saito 《Journal of Materials Science》2013,48(2):936-940
Electrical conductance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with closed and open tips contacting with a gold (Au) electrode was studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy. When a current density through the contact region reached a threshold value of 2.6 × 108 A/cm2, the MWCNT tip was embedded into the Au surface by local melting of Au, and the total resistance was reduced with the increase of the contact area. Conductance per unit area at the contact between the MWCNT and Au electrode for the open-ended MWCNT is four times larger than that for the close-ended one, which is due to the direct connection of inner walls of the open-ended MWCNT with the Au surface. 相似文献
4.
The effect of fatty acid structure of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-fatty acid complex, which was designed as a polymer dispersant for multi-component non-aqueous slurries, on the overall processing chain of Si3N4 ceramics involving slurry stabilization, spray drying, compaction, and liquid sintering was investigated using PEI-oleic acid (PEI-OA) and PEI-isostearic (PEI-ISA) complexes. Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3-AlN-TiO2/toluene slurries were selected as a real model for Si3N4-based multicomponent slurries. It was observed that both PEI-OA and PEI-ISA can stabilize Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3-AlN-TiO2/toluene slurries; however, the PEI-ISA system tended to have slightly higher slurry viscosity, which was suspected to be due to the interactions between protruded PEI segments among short ISA chains. The spray-dried granules from PEI-ISA-stabilized slurry were observed to have filled structures with higher surface roughness whereas those prepared from PEI-OA-stabilized slurry were observed to have hollow-structured granules. The granules prepared from PEI-OA slurry had improved flow and compaction properties with higher relative density of green compacts compared with those prepared from PEI-ISA-stabilized slurry, whereas the relative density and microstructural homogeneity of S3N4 ceramics sintered at 1600?°C for 2?h were observed to be higher for the PEI-ISA system. It is suspected that PEI-OA effectively improved the dispersion stability of multicomponent slurries and flow/compaction properties of granules; however, the inhomogeneous microstructures of green compacts induced by the hollow-structured granules had an adverse effect on the sintering of Si3N4 ceramics. 相似文献
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6.
Motoyuki Ozaki Toshimitsu Higashi Taiki Ogata Tatsunori Hara Jose Ildefonso Udang Rubrico 《Advanced Robotics》2016,30(22):1446-1457
Distribution centers, which are essential to our society, are becoming increasingly important. Although the efficiency of an AVS/RS (Autonomous vehicle storage and retrieval system) makes it a promising system, there is still much to be studied regarding its effective use and design. This paper proposes a method of designing AVS/RSs through a quantitative consideration of group constraint by utilizing probability theory. The proposed algorithm also deals with the problem of designing the sizes of several buffers, and considers the effect of load fluctuations, which are important for real-world operation, by use of queuing network theory. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is shown with simulations of various number of groups, those of various safety factors for fluctuations, and those of various evasion rates for buffer overflow. The design results are shown to be much different from those which do not consider those factors. The results prove that the proposed method provides an accurate quantitative assessment of the AVS/RS’s constraints. 相似文献
7.
An experimental and analytical study was conducted to investigate the ductility of concrete-encased steel piers, referred to as “steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) construction.” Based on the cyclic lateral loading tests of SRC column specimens, the restorable and ultimate limit states are defined as the point when concrete cover spalling occurs (equivalent to longitudinal bar buckling) and the point when flange buckling of the H-shaped steel occurs, respectively. To estimate the lateral displacement capacity at both the restorable and ultimate limit states, the curvature distribution of the column was calculated based on the buckling analysis of the longitudinal bar, which was restrained by a concrete cover and transverse reinforcement, and of the steel flange encased in concrete. The lateral displacement was obtained by integrating the curvature distribution. Comparison of the computed results with experimental results, including other writers’ reports, confirmed that the proposed method can appropriately estimate the lateral displacement at the restorable and ultimate limit states, and it can accurately evaluate the buckling characteristics of the longitudinal bar and steel flange components of SRC column specimens. 相似文献
8.
Mitsuo Nagashima Masanori Tsuchiya Motoyuki Asada 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2011,137(5):382-391
Fluctuating resource prices affect the costs of the materials used in the construction of LNG (liquid natural gas) tanks. In this paper, methods based on the field experience of the writers for the reduction of the cost of LNG tanks in general and in-ground LNG tanks in particular are discussed. Of the various components of the construction cost, the price of steel materials is a significant contributor. Using a newly defined cost impact index, the costs of construction of different types of LNG tanks are compared. Further, by considering actual examples of the construction of in-ground tanks, important issues relating to the use of steel materials are identified and, by using a cost reduction index, recommendations are made for the reduction of the cost risk during fluctuations in resource prices. 相似文献
9.
Hokuto Iijima Ryoji Nagai Nobuyuki Nishimori Ryoichi Hajima 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2011,177(3):46-53
A high‐brightness electron source of ultrasmall emittance and high average current is one of the most important components for next‐generation light sources based on an energy‐recovery linac (ERL). Such a high‐brightness electron source can be realized by a DC photocathode gun driven by laser pulses tailored in the temporal and spatial dimensions. We propose a novel photocathode based on a quantum cascade laser (QCL). Since the ultrafast response of photoelectron emission from QCL is compatible with the tailored laser pulses, it is a candidate electron source for ERLs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 177(3): 46–53, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21154 相似文献
10.
N‐Phenylmaleimide–N‐(p‐hydroxy)phenylmaleimide–styrene terpolymer (HPMS), carrying reactive p‐hydroxyphenyl groups, was prepared and used to improve the toughness of cyanate ester resins. Hybrid modifiers composed of N‐phenylmaleimide–styrene copolymer (PMS) and HPMS were also examined for further improvement in toughness. Balanced properties of the modified resins were obtained by using the hybrid modifiers. The morphology of the modified resins depends on HPMS structure, molecular weight and content, and hybrid modifier compositions. The most effective modification of the cyanate ester resin was attained because of the co‐continuous phase structure of the modified resin. Inclusion of the modifier composed of 10 wt% PMS (Mw 136 000 g mol?1) and 2.5 wt% HPMS (hydroxyphenyl unit 3 mol%, Mw 15 500 g mol?1) led to 135% increase in the fracture toughness (KIC) for the modified resin with a slight loss of flexural strength and retention of flexural modulus and glass transition temperature, compared with the values for the unmodified resin. Furthermore, the effect of the curing conditions on the mechanical and thermal properties of the modified resins was examined. The toughening mechanism is discussed in terms of the morphological and dynamic viscoelastic behaviour of the modified cyanate ester resin system. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献