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Evaluation of two start‐up strategies to obtain nitrogen removal via nitrite and examination of the nitrous oxide emissions for different nitritation levels during the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater 下载免费PDF全文
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Effect of humic acids on heavy metal removal by zero-valent iron in batch and continuous flow column systems 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The effects of Aldrich humic acids (HA) on the removal of Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was investigated in laboratory systems. In batch, the removal rate of Zn and Ni (5 mg l(-1)) was, respectively, 2.8 and 2.4 times lower in the presence of HA (20 mg l(-1)) than in the absence of HA, presumably due to the formation of HA-heavy metal complexes which prevented the removal reactions at the ZVI surface. Chromate removal was not affected. In a column test, two parallel systems were supplemented with a continuous input of simulated groundwater containing a mixture of the heavy metals Zn, Ni and Cr(VI) (5 mg l(-1) each), with or without HA (at 20 mg l(-1)). Initially, the two column systems efficiently (>90%) removed the heavy metals from the simulated groundwater. When the input heavy metal concentration was increased to 8-10 mg l(-1), a significant breakthrough of Ni and Zn, up to 80%, occurred in the column system fed with HA. Chromate and HA did not significantly break through. After 60 weeks, the effect of HA on leaching of the accumulated metals (approx. 2 mg g(-1)) was investigated. No significant leaching was observed. The results of this study suggest that the impact of dissolved organic matter on the efficiency and lifetime of a ZVI barrier for in situ removal of heavy metals should be considered in the design of the barrier. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTRecent grants of legal rights to rivers would seem to infuse traditional anthropocentric river governance with greater eco-centrism. Through a thought experiment, we scrutinize this proposition for the Rhine basin. We consider the governance implications of granting (procedural/material) rights to the river and elaborate on their implications for the three highly institutionalized regimes of the Rhine River of water quality, flooding and transport. Since we find that a shift to more eco-centrism has already occurred and since the right granted to the river would not be absolute, we deem radical transformations unlikely. 相似文献
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Dries Huygens Dries Roobroeck Lynn Cosyn Francisco Salazar Roberto Godoy Pascal Boeckx 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2011,89(2):175-187
The natural soil N supply in volcanic soils (Andisols) can be a significant source of plant-available N for agro-ecosystems.
Nevertheless, intensive farming systems in south Chile apply high fertilization rates, which lead to high production costs
and involve a risk for adverse ecosystem effects. In order to achieve sustainable land management, a better understanding
of the processes that govern soil N availability and loss, and their external drivers, is required. In this study, we selected
a winter-cropland, a summer crop-winter fallow rotation, and a forest, used as a reference ecosystem. Gross N transformations
(15N isotope dilution) and microbial community structure (phospho-lipid fatty acid analysis) in the topsoil were determined.
Gross N mineralization was about ten times lower in the agro-ecosystems than in the forest, while gross nitrification was
low in all sites. Gross N immobilization equalized or exceeded the gross inorganic N production in all sites. Microbial biomass
was 3–5 times more abundant in the forest than in the agro-ecosystems. A positive relationship between the ratio fungi/bacteria
and total microbial biomass was observed in these Andisols. We suggest that the reduction in fungal biomass induced a lower
extracellular enzyme production and limited soil organic matter depolymerisation in the agro-ecosystems. We conclude that
soil N cycling was unable to provide a significant N input for the croplands, but also the risk for ecosystem N losses was
low, even under fallow soil conditions. Current fertilization practices appropriately anticipated the soil N cycling processes,
but further research should indicate the potential of alternative land management to reduce fertilizer cost. 相似文献
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Dries HaeseldonckxWilliam D’haeseleer 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2011,36(8):4636-4652
In many visions and roadmaps, there is a broad agreement that fuel cells - both for stationary and mobile applications - are the key technology to allow the development of a hydrogen infrastructure. Furthermore, this development is generally thought to be based on a gradual, decentralised evolution. Nevertheless, in this paper it is argued that, taking into account the entire hydrogen chain (production, transport, storage, distribution and end-use), this decentralised fuel-cell based philosophy shows some serious flaws.Therefore, a new hydrogen-transition approach was pushed forward: mixing in of hydrogen into the natural-gas bulk. Using Flanders - the Northern part of Belgium - as a case study, the development of a transitory hydrogen infrastructure has been studied, taking into account the entire hydrogen chain and its dynamics, from production to end use.In a next step, this transition is being quantified. An optimisation model has been developed using Matlab and the commercial solvers GAMS and CPLEX. Following a mixed-integer linear-programming approach, this model is able to determine the economically optimal hydrogen-production mix and operational behaviour of each hydrogen-production plant separately. The model then allows gaining valuable insights in the importance of storage and the influence of fuel prices and carbon taxes with regard to the development of an early hydrogen economy. 相似文献
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Philippe Nimmegeers Mattia Vallerio Dries Telen Jan Van Impe Filip Logist 《化学,工程师,技术》2019,91(3):349-362
Model‐based optimization techniques play a key role in achieving a sustainable operation of biochemical processes. Models are an approximation of the real process under study, hence, uncertainty is inherently present and for a sustainable process operation this uncertainty should be accounted for. In practice, optimality with respect to different conflicting objectives is required and multi‐objective optimization is a valuable tool. In this article the sigma point approach is applied to account for parametric uncertainty in the frame of interactive multi‐objective bioprocess optimization. 相似文献
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In this work we investigate quantum ballistic transport in ultrasmall junctionless and inversion mode semiconducting nanowire transistors within the framework of the self-consistent Schrödinger-Poisson problem. The quantum transmitting boundary method is used to generate open boundary conditions between the active region and the electron reservoirs. We adopt a subband decomposition approach to make the problem numerically tractable and make a comparison of four different numerical approaches to solve the self-consistent Schrödinger-Poisson problem. Finally we discuss the IV-characteristics for small (r≤5 nm) GaAs nanowire transistors. The novel junctionless pinch-off FET or junctionless nanowire transistor is extensively compared with the gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire MOSFET. 相似文献
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Dries Schellekens Brecht Wyseur Bart Preneel 《Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science》2008,197(1):59
A lot of progress has been made to secure network communication, e.g., through the use of cryptographic algorithms. However, this offers only a partial solution as long as the communicating end points still suffer from security problems. A number of applications require remote verification of software executing on an untrusted platform. Trusted computing solutions propose to solve this problem through software and hardware changes, typically a secure operating system and the addition of a secure coprocessor respectively. On the other hand, timed execution of code checksum calculations aims for a solution on legacy platforms, but can not provide strong security assurance. We present a mixed solution by using the trusted computing hardware, namely the time stamping functionality of the trusted platform module, in combination with a timing based remote code integrity verification mechanism. In this way, we do not require a secure operating system, but at the same time the overall security of the timed execution scheme can be improved. 相似文献