Effect of Continuous Extrusion Parameters on Alloy M1 Round Section Bar Microstructure and Mechanical Property Formation

Metallurgist - Results are provided for microstructural evolution and mechanical property formation in a deformation zone during continuous extrusion, and the effect of extrusion rate parameters on...     

Reciprocity Relations for Nonlinear Systems

Technical Physics Letters - A quantum proof of reciprocity relations for nonlinear nonstationary systems in the magnetic field is obtained in the approximation of the Markovian relaxation.     

转炉烟气中金属氧化物催化煤焦-CO2气化反应

 提出了利用转炉烟气中金属氧化物催化煤焦 CO2气化反应的新方法来提高CO2转化效率。利用热重分析对金属氧化物催化煤焦 CO2气化进行理论研究，并通过滴管炉研究了不同温度下金属氧化物对煤粉 CO2气化反应的影响。计算不同条件下的α、β、LHV值，对催化效率进行评估。结果表明，金属氧化物对煤焦 CO2气化具有显著的催化作用，并表现出不同的特征温度。添加催化剂后，可燃性气体含量增加，CO2含量降低。根据α、β、LHV值的计算，复合催化剂催化效率最佳，而且催化效率随温度升高而增加。对于单一催化剂，在1 000~1 200 ℃温度范围内，CaO的催化效率优于FeO，FeO稍优于Fe2O3。滴管炉试验结果初步验证了利用转炉烟气中金属氧化物提高CO2的转化效率以及转炉煤气热值的可行性。     

Calculation of the Surface Energy of Metals: Agreement of the Thermodynamic Vacancy Model with the First-Principles Theory

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - The thermodynamic vacancy model (TVM) of surface energy (SE) leads to the formula of the linear dependence of the minimum SE value of the...     

A review of carbonates as hydrocarbon source rocks: basic geochemistry and oil–gas generation

Carbonates have been known to act as hydrocarbon source rocks, but their basic geochemical and associated hydrocarbon generation characteristics remain not well understood as they occur with argillaceous source rocks in most cases, and the hydrocarbon generation from each rock type is di cult to distinguish, forming one of puzzling issues within the field of petroleum geology and geochemistry. To improve the understanding of this critical issue, this paper reviews recent advances in this field and provides a summary of key areas that can be studied in future. Results show that carbonate source rocks are generally associated with high-salinity environments with low amounts of terrestrial inputs and low dissolved oxygen contents. Petrographically, these source rocks are dark gray or black, fine-grained, stratified, and contain bacterial and algal bioprecursors along with some other impurities. They generally have low organic matter contents, although these can vary significantly in di erent cases(e.g., the total organic carbon contents of marine and lacustrine carbonate source rocks in China are generally 0.1%–1.0% and 0.4%–4.0%, respectively). These rocks contain type I and type II kerogen, meaning there is a lack of vitrinites. This means that assessment of the maturity of the organic matter in these sediments needs to use non-traditional techniques rather than vitrinite reflectance. In terms of molecular geochemistry, carbonate source rocks have typical characteristics indicative of generally reducing and saline environments and lower organism-dominated bioprecursors of organic matter, e.g., high contents of sulfur compounds, low Pr/Ph ratios, and dominance of n-alkanes. Most of the carbonate source rocks are typically dominated by D-type organic facies in an oxidized shallow water mass, although high-quality source rocks generally contain A-and B-type organic facies in saline lacustrine and marine-reducing environments, respectively. The hydrocarbon generation model for the carbonate source rocks can involve early, middle, and late stages, with a diversity of hydrocarbons within these rocks, which can be aggregated, adsorbed, enclosed within minerals, or present as inclusions. This in turn implies that the large-scale hydrocarbon expulsion from these rocks is reliant on brittle deformation caused by external forces. Finally, a number of aspects of these source rocks remain unclear and need further study, including the e ectiveness of carbonates as hydrocarbon source rocks, bioprecursors, and hydrocarbon generation models of carbonate source rock, and the di erences between marine and lacustrine carbonate source rocks.     

Study of the Effect of Composition and Thermal Deformation Treatment on Properties of Ferritic Steels Microalloyed with Titanium and Niobium. Part 2. Phase Precipitate Characteristics*

Metallurgist - The effect of composition and thermal deformation treatment parameters (temperature for the end of rolling and strip winding on a coil, cooling rate after rolling) on mechanical...     

Influence of Lead Melts on the Embrittlement of Chromium Steels of Ferritic and Austenitic Classes

Materials Science - We study the influence of liquid-metal media of lead and the eutectic lead–bismuth mixture on the mechanical properties of chromium and chromium–nickel steels of...     

Synthesis and Structure of U(VI), Np(VI), and Pu(VI) 2-Fluorobenzoates

The compounds NH₄[AnO₂(C₆H₄FCOO₃], where An = U (I), Np (II), or Pu (III), CgH₄COO^? is the 2-fluorobenzoate anion, were synthesized and studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds I–III are isostructural and crystallize in the cubic system, space group P2₁3, Z = 4. The main structural units of I–III are mononuclear complexes [AnO₂(C₆H₄COO)₃]^? belonging to crystal-chemical group AB₃¹ (A = AnO₂²⁺, B⁰¹ = C₆H₄FCOO^?). The actinide contraction in the structures of I–III is manifested in a regular decrease in the lengths of the An=0 bonds in the AnO₂²⁺ cations and in the volumes of the Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedra (VDPs) of the An atoms in the series U-Np-Pu. The intermolecular interactions in crystal structures of I–III were analyzed by the method of molecular VDPs.

     

Influence of the Technology of Production of Composites Based on the MAX Phases of Titanium on the Process of Wear in Contact with Copper. Part 2. Single-Stage Technology

Materials Science - We study the microhardness, micromechanism of fracture, fracture resistance under static bending, and wear resistance of candidate materials for the electric-contact inserts of...     

Evaluating Damage Accumulated in Car Wheelset Axle Journals by the Ultrasonic Method Using Rayleigh and Head Waves

Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing - We propose a method and facility for measuring the speed of Rayleigh and head waves in order to study the loss of structure in the metal of the surface...