基于物理模型实验的城市道路雨水口平立结合改造对积水防涝影响研究

道路雨水口是城市排水系统的重要组成部分,其泄流能力直接影响城市道路的积水程度。北京在“十四五”期间将对全市23万处雨水口进行平立结合改造。为保障雨水口改造的效果,开展了偏沟式雨水口和联合式雨水口物理模型试验。通过377组工况试验,研究了雨水口是否按规范要求比周边地面下沉3 cm、雨箅子形式、雨箅子堵塞程度、雨水管道淤堵程度、道路积水深度等因素对雨水口收水率和泄水能力的影响。结果表明：(1)雨水口箅面标高是否按规范下沉对道路积水内涝影响较大。(2)在排水管道能力充足的情况下不同雨箅子形式对下沉雨水口的收水能力影响不大。(3)道路积水一定深度后雨水口的过流能力决定于与其连接的雨水管道自身的排水能力。(4)雨箅子堵塞情况下,联合式雨水口的泄流能力要强于偏沟式雨水口。(5)联合式雨水口的抗堵塞能力明显优于偏沟式雨水口。依据实验结果提出了通过雨水口平立结合改造治理积水内涝的建议,研究成果可为道路雨水排水系统的设计、建设和改造提供理论参考和技术支撑。     

Infrared spectra of jute stick bleached with sodium chlorite and hydrogen peroxide

Jute stick was bleached with sodium chlorite and alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions. The infrared (IR) spectra of bleached samples and jute stick were analyzed and compared. The bleached samples were characterized by higher absorbance intensity ratios (A_v/A₂₉₀₀) of the bands attributed to hemicellulose. Among the bleached samples the chlorite-bleached sample showed higher intensity for the bands mentioned. The bands attributed to lignin are either absent or very weak in the chlorite-bleached jute stick as compared to that of peroxide-bleached jute stick, although some residual lignin was present in the substrate. The 1635 cm^?1 band attribute to the vibration of adsorbed water molecules in the noncrystalline regions in cellulose appears as a sharp peak in chlorite-bleached jute stick and as a shoulder in peroxide-bleached jute stick. This can be attributed to the difference in the nature of the two bleaching processes.     

微波和超声波辅助提取穿心莲内酯

用正交法对微波和超声波辅助提取穿心莲内酯的工艺条件进行优化。微波辅助法提取穿心莲内酯的最佳工艺条件为温度40℃、提取溶剂为体积分数75%的乙醇、提取时间8 min;超声波辅助法提取穿心莲内酯的最佳工艺条件是提取溶剂为体积分数75%的乙醇,超声效率40%、超声时间50 min。微波提取法的平均回收率为99.9%,RSD为0.31%;超声波提取法的平均回收率为100.5%,RSD为0.21%。与超声波提取法相比,微波提取法提取时间较短,提取得率较高。     

Etching effects of ethanol on multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The morphology and microstructure of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified using ethanol as a mild gas reactant. The etching by OH radicals and deposition of C radicals on the carbon nanotubes were considered to be responsible for the modification of the MWCNT structures and the formation of new carbon nanostructures. The effects of etching and deposition on the MWCNTs were confirmed by using methanol as another gas reactant; this molecule has a higher ratio of hydroxyl radicals to carbon atoms than ethanol. In addition, water vapor, containing no carbon atoms in the molecule, was also applied to etch the MWCNTs as a weak oxidant which resulted in stronger etching effects on the MWCNTs than methanol and ethanol.     

深黑古银工艺

介绍了氰化镀银配方及操作条件,给出了一种银上着色深的黑化剂配方及其后处理工艺。本工艺方便、快捷,成本低,膜层结合力好,符合欧盟环保法规要求。     

Mesostructured Sulfated Tin Oxide and its High Catalytic Activity in Esterification and Friedel–Crafts Acylation

A mesostructured sulfated tin oxide with large surface area (172 m²/g) has been successfully prepared using a block copolymer as structure-directing agent, which is extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption, and Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) techniques. The results indicate that the mesostructured sulfated tin oxide was tetragonal crystalline, and catalytic tests show that the mesostructured sulfated tin oxide is much more active than conventional one for esterification and Friedel–Crafts acylation.     

基于多主体建模的损失厌恶的生成机制分析

为了探索损失厌恶现象的形成机理,建立一个多主体模型并成功地再现了损失厌恶的形成过程。通过分析发现,显著的边际效用递减效应和个体对杰出者的模仿行为在损失厌恶的形成上起着至关重要的作用。     

用表面活性剂和硫化物去除剂协同处理含硫化亚铁颗粒污油

对表面活性剂和硫化物去除剂协同处理含硫化亚铁颗粒污油的可行性进行了研究。通过将污油混入游离水脱除器进液中,并在游离水脱除器和电脱水器进液中分别投加0·012kg/m3污油破乳剂和0·607kg/m3硫化物去除剂,回收处理了2150m3大庆油田北二联合站内的含硫化亚铁颗粒污油,污油回收处理过程中的药剂费用为61·40元/m3。     

物理发泡法制备羟基磷灰石/胶原蛋白多孔支架材料

本文以氢氧化钙悬浮液和磷酸为主要实验原料,在室温25℃,pH值为11的条件下,用共滴定的方法合成羟基磷灰石。把羟基磷灰石粉与一定量的胶原蛋白溶液混合,经过物理发泡、冷冻、微波干燥的过程,得到羟基磷灰石/胶原蛋白多孔支架材料。运用XRD、SEM分析仪器和阿基米德原理及杠杆原理,对样品进行了检测。结果表明用物理发泡法制得的多孔支架材料的总气孔率为79%～89%,抗压强度为0.3～1.1MPa。     

双液相萃取棉籽油制备脂肪酸甲酯

以双液相萃取技术处理棉籽，在得到脱毒棉粕的同时得到含有高质量毛油的非极性相。以非极性相作为与甲醇进行酯交换反应的原料，得到脂肪酸甲酯和甘油。考察了非极性相溶剂石油醚与棉籽油的比例对酯交换转化率和洗涤粗产品用水量的影响，确定了石油醚与棉籽油的最佳质量比为3，在此条件下，洗涤用水量可降低一半。考察了醇油比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等参数对转化率的影响。应用正交实验的方法找出酯交换反应的适宜条件为：醇油比6：1，催化剂用量1.1％，反应温度60℃，反应时间120min。在此反应条件下，产物中脂肪酸甲酯的含量可达97.4％。