西昆仑西北缘柯牙吾齐超镁铁岩的发现及成因

西昆仑西北缘柯牙吾齐超镁铁岩的发现对于西昆仑西段构造演化研究和相关矿产资源的探寻具有重要意义。本文对该超镁铁岩7件样品进行了镜下鉴定、主量和微量元素分析,结果显示：超镁铁岩呈断续脉状产出,岩性主要为蛇纹石化辉橄岩;具有相对低SiO2（42.14%~47.43%）、低TiO2（0.03%~0.24%）、高MgO（24.69%~31.22%）、高FeOT（7.05%~11.65%）、贫碱（K2O+Na2O=0.55%~0.88%）的特征;Mg#值为79.98~86.70;样品的m/f比值介于3.96~7.82;样品中稀土总量（∑REE）不高（11.41×10-6~17.84×10-6）,轻重稀土比值LREE/HREE为2.81~5.69;δEu显示弱的Eu正异常;相容元素Ni、Cr和Co含量高。在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,表现为富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）Rb、Ba、U、Sr和Pb,相对亏损高场强元素（HFSE）Nb、P、Zr、Hf、Ti等,显示轻稀土富集的特征。结合区域构造背景分析认为,晚三叠世,古特提斯洋的闭合引起碰撞后伸展,来自亏损地幔岩浆受前期俯冲流体或者熔体改造,沿着深断裂上侵,过程中经历了一定程度的地壳混染,最终形成柯牙吾齐超镁铁岩。     

滇西古特提斯俯冲-碰撞过程的岩浆作用记录

三叠纪岩浆作用广泛发育于澜沧江南带,锆石U-Pb年代学结果及岩石组合特征显示:(1)该区残留有少量的早三叠世火山岩(约248Ma),主要为一套薄层的以安山岩为主的火山岩;(2)中三叠世以大规模的酸性岩浆作用为主,部分地段的中部夹有少量的玄武岩,其中晚期的流纹岩与该区出露巨大的临沧花岗岩基主体具有一致的形成时代(约230Ma);(3)晚三叠世则以基性火山岩为主,夹少量流纹岩为特征的"双峰式"火山岩组合。元素地球化学特征表明,早三叠世火山岩具有典型的岛弧火山岩的特征,暗示其很可能形成于俯冲的构造环境;中三叠世晚期的流纹岩与临沧花岗岩基主体具有非常相似的地球化学特征,结合其流纹岩具有A型花岗岩属性,表明该区中三叠世火成岩形成于碰撞后的构造背景;而晚三叠世基性火山岩虽然在地球化学特征上显示出与岛弧火山岩相似的高铝和Nb-Ta的亏损,但其中部分火山岩具有高镁和板内玄武岩的微量元素比值特征,说明这些火山岩可能形成于碰撞后裂谷(post-collisional rifting)环境。结合区域上前人的研究资料,我们认为西南三江地区古特提斯主洋盆的俯冲闭合可能直到早三叠世晚期才完成,其后的陆-陆/弧碰撞作用可能发生在中三叠世早期,中三叠世中晚期该区进入碰撞后演化阶段,晚三叠世开始处于碰撞后的裂谷阶段,古特提斯在该区的演化最终结束于三叠纪末。     

湘东北新元古代强过铝花岗岩的成因：年代学和地球化学证据

湘东北新元古代强过铝(SP)花岗岩主要由长三背和大围山两个岩体组成,它们的ASI值平均为1.24,LREE 富集,HREE 较为平坦,Eu/Eu~* 平均为0.51,Ba、Nb、Ta、Ti、P亏损,K、Rb、Th 富集,具有S型花岗岩的特征。长三背岩体单颗粒锆石蒸发法~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb 年龄为929±6 Ma,其较老的 Nd模式年龄、2491±2 Ma 残留锆石的年龄表明该地区可能存在新太古代—古元古代的基底。这些花岗岩 CaO/Na_2O 值>0.3,来源于富砂屑质的中元古代冷家溪群浅变质岩的部分熔融,所处的造山带与拉克伦褶皱带一样属于高温型碰撞带。该地区及江南造山带中其他同时代SP花岗岩的带状分布表明它们与地幔柱的活动无关,而是华夏和扬子地块相互碰撞的产物。湘东北花岗岩中镁铁质微花岗岩类包体及岩体附近闪斜煌斑岩的存在,表明其形成可能有基性物质的参与。这些花岗岩属后碰撞花岗岩,其热源可能由俯冲板片裂离导致的软流圈基性岩浆底侵所提供,岩浆上升过程捕获围岩物质,并在地壳中—浅层侵位。     

Evolution of the Mesozoic Granites in the Xiong＇ershan-Waifangshan Region, Western Henan Province, China, and Its Tectonic Implications

Based on the new data of isotopic ages and geochemical analyses, three types of Mesozoic granites have been identified for the Xiong'ershan-Waifangshan region in western Henan Province: high-Ba-Sr I-type granite emplaced in the early stage (～160 Ma), I-type granite in the middle stage (～130 Ma) and anorogenic A-type granite in the late stage (～115 Ma).Geochemical characteristics of the high-Ba-Sr I-type granite suggest that it may have been generated from the thickened lower crust by partial melting with primary residues of amphibole and garnet. Gradual increase of negative Eu anomaly and Sr content variations reflect progressive shallowing of the source regions of these granites from the early to late stage. New 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of the early-stage Wuzhangshan granite (156.0±1.1 Ma, amphibole) and middle-stage Heyu granite (131.8±0.7 Ma, biotite) are indistinguishable from their SHRIMP U-Pb ages previous published, indicating a rapid uplift and erosion in this region. The representative anorogenic A-type granite, Taishanmiao pluton, was emplaced at ～115 Ma. The evolution of the granites in this region reveals a tectonic regime change from post-collisional to anorogenic between ～160 Ma and ～115 Ma. The genesis of the early- and middle-stage I-type granites could be linked to delamination of subducted lithosphere of the Qinling orogenic belt, while the late-stage A-type granites represent the onset of extension and the end of orogenic process. In fact, along the Qinling -Dabie-Sulu belt, the Mesozoic granitoids in western Henan, Dabieshan and Jiaodong regions are comparable on the basis of these temporal evolutionary stages and their initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios,which may suggest a similar geodynamic process related to the collision between the North China and Yangtze cratons.     

SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Age of the Ka＇erjiao Intrusion in the Sawur Region in West Junggar, Xinjiang

Acid intrusions are widespread in the Sawur region, Xinjiang. The Ka'erjiao intrusion is mainly composed of albite granite porphyry, K-feldspar granite porphyry, ivernite and granite porphyry. Being a transitional product between magma intrusion and eruption in the Sawur region, the Ka'erjiao intrusion was formed at the telophase of the late Carboniferous to the begining of early Permian as determined by the SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating, with an age of 302.6±7.6 Ma (1σ). The intrusion consists of alkali-enriched rock, whose REE distribution patterns are of the LREE enrichment type, the δEu value is Iow and Nd, Sr, Pb isotopes reflect its mantle source characteristics. The δ18O value of intrusion is low as a result of isotope exchange with meteoric water.The geochemical characteristics show that it was formed in a post-collisional tectonic setting. Taking combined considerations of current studies of A-type granites and Permian volcanic rocks, we think that in the telophase of the late Carboniferous to the beginning of the early Permian, the Sawur region was within the extension or compressional to extensional period of a post-collisional stage. The Ka'erjiao intrusion from mantle sources can confirm the vertical continental crust growth in the late Paleozoic. The Sawur region in west Junggar is consistent with east Junggar in post-collisional tectonic evolution process.     

SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Age of the Ka''erjiao Intrusion in the Sawur Region in West Junggar,Xinjiang

Acid intrusions are widespread in the Sawur region, Xinjiang. The Ka'erjiao intrusion is mainly composed of albite granite porphyry, K-feldspar granite porphyry, ivernite and granite porphyry. Being a transitional product between magma intrusion and eruption in the Sawur region, the Ka'erjiao intrusion was formed at the telophase of the late Carboniferous to the begining of early Permian as determined by the SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating, with an age of 302.6±7.6 Ma (1σ). The intrusion consists of alkali-enriched rock, whose REE distribution patterns are of the LREE enrichment type, theδEu value is low and Nd, Sr, Pb isotopes reflect its mantle source characteristics. Theδ18O value of intrusion is low as a result of isotope exchange with meteoric water. The geochemical characteristics show that it was formed in a post-collisional tectonic setting. Taking combined considerations of current studies of A-type granites and Permian volcanic rocks, we think that in the telophase of the late Carboniferous to the beginning of the early Permian, the Sawur region was within the extension or compressional to extensional period of a post-collisional stage. The Ka'erjiao intrusion from mantle sources can confirm the vertical continental crust growth in the late Paleozoic. The Sawur region in west Junggar is consistent with east Junggar in post-collisional tectonic evolution process.     

大别造山带核部两处燕山期花岗岩体的成因演化模式

根据对大别山核部牛占鼻和木子店两处燕山期花岗岩体进行的元素地球化学分析和岩浆演化的模拟分析,结果显示,牛占鼻和木子店两处燕山期花岗岩体都具相似的主量和微量元素特征,它们和天堂寨的同期花岗岩具有相似的成因模式和源岩,其主要的形成演化模式可能是增厚的下地壳发生部分熔融所致,源岩可能是太古代TTG片麻岩或奥长花岗岩。同时这样的结果也说明大别山燕山期花岗岩的成因与造山后的地壳叠覆、基性岩浆底侵和随后的地壳拆沉作用具有密切的联系。模拟中也发现有的样品具有异常的地化特征,尤其对是Na2O/K2O>1的花岗岩的模拟结果不理想,暗示可能存在不同的源岩和岩浆演化作用。     

Post-collisional adakitic biotite plagiogranites from Guangtoushan pluton (Mianxian, central China): Petrogenesis and tectonic implication

The post-collisional Guangtoushan pluton intruded into the Mianlue suture, Central China. Geochemically, the Guangtoushan biotite plagiogranites show many close compositional similarities to high-silica adakites from the supra-subduction zone setting, but tend to have a higher concentration of K₂O (3.22%–3.84%). Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns are characterized by high ratios of (La/Yb)_N, concave-upward shapes of the heavy rare earth element (HREE), and a lack of significant Eu anomalies. In conjunction with high abundances of Ba and Sr, as well as low abundances of Y and HREE, these patterns suggest a feldspar-poor, garnet±amohibole-rich fractionation mineral assemblage. Coupled with previous studies, we suggest that the Guangtoushan biotite plagiogranites were likely to be caused by subducting slab break-off during the late orogenic stage in the West Qinling orogenic belt. Translated from Geological Bulletin of China, 2007, 26(4): 466–471 [译自: 地质通报]     

新疆额尔齐斯金矿带的成矿类型、地球动力学背景及资源潜力

通过广泛的地质调查、同位素测年和综合对比研究,探讨了阿尔泰地区金矿的成矿类型、地球动力学背景及资源潜力。综合研究表明,岩金矿床主要产于海西构造层的强变形、浅变质构造带,属浅成造山型金矿;成矿时代集中在310~270Ma;成矿作用与后碰撞阶段岩石圈拆沉引发的构造-岩浆活动有关。对比研究表明,目前发现的金矿床(点)仅相当于区域变质流体成矿系统的浅部,主体部分由于中生代以来的大规模逆冲推覆构造而未能抬升剥露出来。受两次构造抬升影响,加里东构造建造带的造山型金矿基本剥蚀殆尽,而海西构造建造带是寻找岩金矿床的主要远景区。     

藏南洛扎地区过铝质花岗岩的地球化学特征及构造背景

洛扎及其以南地区分布有规模不等、产状不同的过铝质二云母(白云母)二长花岗岩和电气石二长花岗岩，这些岩体侵位的时代为中新世，构成了高喜马拉雅花岗岩带的东延部分。岩体以高铝、低镁铁组分，高锶、氧同位素比值为特征，地球化学研究显示它们是泥质岩的深熔作用和岩浆的结晶分异作用所形成的产物。过铝质花岗岩是在后碰撞造山作用阶段的大规模伸展拆离作用背景下沿拆离构造带侵位的，形成于藏南拆离系韧性活动阶段的晚期，是一种典型的后碰撞过铝质花岗岩。