西准噶尔北部比图岩体的地球化学特征及构造环境

选择西准噶尔北部晚志留世比图岩体进行系统的岩石学、地球化学特征研究,揭示其岩石成因及形成的大地构造环境。比图岩体岩性以钾长花岗岩为主,边部为碱性花岗岩、正长岩和闪长岩。钾长花岗岩和正长岩贫Mg O(0.3%~0.5%)、CaO(0.8%~1.1%),稀土含量高(105~204μg/g),Eu异常明显,属于碱性高分异I型花岗岩;碱性花岗岩富碱(6.8%)、贫Al_2O_3(9.9%),稀土含量较高(271μg/g),极度亏损Sr、Ba、Eu,属于典型的A型花岗岩。闪长岩富MgO(4.1%)和CaO(7.5%),稀土含量较高(93μg/g),属于高钾钙碱性系列,源自富水地幔的部分熔融。岩体地球化学特征表明比图钾长花岗岩、碱性花岗岩、正长岩均是新生地壳部分熔融之后不同程度结晶分异的产物;比图岩体的各种岩性普遍具有富碱、轻稀土和大离子亲石元素(Rb、K),弱亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta)的地球化学特征,形成于后碰撞的伸展环境。     

Metallogenic Series Related to Permian Mafic Complex in North Xinjiang: Post-collisional Stage or Mantle Plume Result?

There are four deposit types related to a Permian mafic complex in northern Xinjiang, i.e., copper-nickel sulfide deposit, vanadic titanomagnetite deposit, magnetite （-cobalt） deposit and Cu-Ni- VTiFe composite deposit. The deposits are distributed spanning tectonic units with close and consecutive metallogenic ages. A transitional deposit type can occur among the end-member deposits. Trace elements of host rocks show that they can derive from similar source area. Hence, they constitute a particular metallogenic series related to a mafic-ultramafic complex that is also a symbol series of the post-collisional stage of the Central Asia Metallogenic Province （CAMP）. The metallogenic ages of the series are between 260 Ma and 300 Ma throughout the Permian. Unlike mineralization from a mantle plume, the metallogenic period of this series spans at least 40 Ma. Compared with related deposits of the Emeishan mantle plume, the North Xinjiang series has a similar ore-forming element assemblage but has preferably developed Cu-Ni sulfide deposits rather than vanadic titanomagnetite deposits. In concomitance with this series, North Xinjiang area has developed a set of syntectonic Au-Cu-Mo metallogenic series related to a felsic volcanic-intrusive complex, which might indicate that there is no direct relationship with mantle plume activity. From early to late, i.e., the sequence of copper-nickel sulfide to magnetite （-cobalt） to vanadic titanomagnetite deposit, the host rock series evolves from mafic-ultramafic and tholeiite series to mafic and alkalic series, the ~REE content tends to increase with increasing of REE fractionation, and some of the trace elements （particularly LIL） also show an increasing tendency. The above evolutionary regularity possibly reflects a course where the magma source deepens and thermal interface moves down, energy gradually exhausts, and neo-continental crust forming in the postcollision stage tends to stabilize.     

Metallogenic Series Related to Permian Mafic Complex in North Xinjiang: Post-collisional Stage or Mantle Plume Result?

There are four deposit types related to a Permian mafic complex in northern Xinjiang, i.e.,copper-nickel sulfide deposit, vanadic titanomagnetite deposit, magnetite (-cobalt) deposit and Cu-Ni-VTiFe composite deposit. The deposits are distributed spanning tectonic units with dose andconsecutive metallogenic ages. A transitional deposit type can occur among the end-member deposits.Trace elements of host rocks show that they can derive from similar source area. Hence, theyconstitute a particular metallogenic series related to a mafic-ultramafic complex that is also a symbolseries of the post-collisional stage of the Central Asia Metallogenic Province (CAMP). Themetallogenic ages of the series are between 260 Ma and 300 Ma throughout the Permian. Unlikemineralization from a mantle plume, the metallogenic period of this series spans at least 40 Ma.Compared with related deposits of the Emeishan mantle plume, the North Xinjiang series has asimilar ore-forming element assemblage but has preferably developed Cu-Ni sulfide deposits ratherthan vanadic titanomagnetite deposits. In concomitance with this series, North Xinjiang area hasdeveloped a set of syntectonic Au-Cu-Mo metailogenic series related to a felsic volcanic-intrusivecomplex, which might indicate that there is no direct relationship with mantle plume activity. Fromearly to late, i.e., the sequence of copper-nickel sulfide to magnetite (-cobalt) to vanadictitanomagnetite deposit, the host rock series evolves from mafic-ultramafic and tholeiite series tomafic and alkalic series, the ∑REE content tends to increase with increasing of REE fractionation, andsome of the trace elements (particularly LIL) also show an increasing tendency. The aboveevolutionary regularity possibly reflects a course where the magma source deepens and thermalinterface moves down, energy gradually exhausts, and neo-continentai crust forming in the post-collision stage tends to stabilize.     

中国阿尔泰克孜勒花岗岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

克孜勒花岗岩体位于新疆阿尔泰南缘西伯利亚和哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块的结合部位,岩体呈不规则圆形的岩基产出,主要岩石类型为石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、花岗岩、二长花岗岩、黑云母二长花岗岩。黑云母二长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为289.5±4.3Ma,表明岩体形成于早二叠世。岩体具有高硅(SiO_2=70.05%~75.78%)、高碱(K_2O=3.32%~5.70%,Na_2O=3.07%~4.48%)、富铝(Al_2O_3=12.49%~14.04%)和低MgO(0.01%~0.72%)、CaO(0.36%~1.60%)、TiO_2(0.03%~0.45%)、P_2O_5(0.07%~0.15%)特征,A/CNK=1.08~1.20,高FeO_T/MgO比值(平均44.95);富集Rb、Th、K、La、Ce,强烈亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、Ti,铕负异常明显(δEu=0.03~0.36);具有I-A过渡特点的高分异钙碱性花岗岩体。克孜勒花岗岩体可能是区域上"双峰式"岩浆组合中的酸性端元,为典型的后碰撞岩体,是后碰撞拉张背景下幔源岩浆发生底侵作用导致大陆地壳生长过程的产物。     

北天山四棵树花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年代学及地质意义

四棵树岩体位于北天山缝合带中,是侵入依连哈比尔尕岛弧带中最大的一个花岗岩体,具有"钉合岩体"的构造意义。组成该岩体的岩石类型较多,大体上可分为3个侵入期次,依次为石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩、花岗斑岩;其中第二侵入期次构成了该岩体的主体。岩石SiO2含量为57.85%~74.28%,K2O含量为1.95%~5.25%,Na2O含量为3.00%~4.50%,整体表现为高K、Ca碱性特征。∑REE=113.91×10-6~169.47×10-6,(La/Sm)N为1.77~3.16,(Gd/Yb)N为1.33~2.12,(La/Yb)N为3.41~5.64,δEu为0.37~0.82,表现为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型特征;岩石具有Nb、Ta、Eu的亏损以及Th、Zr、Hf相对富集。通过形成环境判别,第一期石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩大部投在火山弧环境,板块碰撞前—后碰撞隆起阶段;第二期二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩大部投在后碰撞阶段;第三期花岗斑岩主要投在晚造山阶段。通过LA-ICP-MS对该岩体中石英闪长岩、二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩进行较为系统的锆石U-Pb测年,得出其加权平均年龄分别为(324.1±4.3)Ma、(314.9±4.1)Ma、(311.5±3.9)Ma。结合前人得出的巴音沟蛇绿岩中辉长岩的(344±3.4)Ma年龄,可初步得出北天山缝合带的形成时代应该为344~311.5Ma,碰撞造山作用主要发生在324~311Ma,随后进入后碰撞伸展阶段,而四棵树岩体3期侵入岩可能分别代表了北天山造山带俯冲汇聚-碰撞-陆内造山各阶段构造-岩浆作用的产物。     

青藏高原羌塘中部果干加年山一带晚三叠世花岗岩的特征、锆石定年及其构造意义

藏北羌塘果干加年山的东部出露有一处花岗岩岩体,其主要岩性为黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗细晶岩岩脉,侵入晚三叠世望湖岭组和晚石炭世—早二叠世展金岩群之中。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定结果表明,该花岗岩的形成时代为晚三叠世（210.3Ma±2.6Ma）,略晚于区域上高压变质带的变质峰期年龄和望湖岭组底部流纹岩的年龄。岩石地球化学数据显示,该花岗岩岩体属高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩,形成于后碰撞环境,是岩石圈碰撞加厚之后减压过程中岩浆活动的产物,说明在210Ma左右果干加年山地区的构造环境开始由碰撞阶段向板内阶段转化,进入了后碰撞阶段。     

新疆南天山缝合带的形成时限 ——来自阔克萨彦岭花岗岩体的锆石年龄新证据

南天山缝合带位于塔里木克拉通与中天山-伊犁-哈萨克斯坦地块之间,其形成时限对于研究古亚洲洋西南缘的南天山洋最终闭合具有重要的意义.利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法对南天山阔克萨彦岭地区的花岗岩体进行测试,结果表明花岗岩体的形成时代为早二叠世(273～283Ma),而且大量早二叠世侵入体同时出现在中天山-伊犁-哈萨克斯坦地块和塔里木克拉通.其中,巴雷公蛇绿岩也被早二叠世侵入体所侵入,限定了南天山缝合带的形成时限应早于早二叠世.研究结果进一步支持南天山洋的最终闭合应发生在300Ma之前.     

内蒙古镶黄旗乌兰哈达中二叠世碱长花岗岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征

内蒙古镶黄旗乌兰哈达岩体位于华北克拉通北缘中段,岩性以中细—中粗粒碱长花岗岩为主。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,该花岗岩的侵位年龄为265.1Ma±1.5Ma（MSWD=1.5）,形成于中二叠世。该花岗岩富硅(SiO2为73.63%~75.47%),富碱(Na2O+K2O介于9.25%~9.49%)之间。在SiO2-K2O图中,样品多数落入高钾钙碱性系列。A/CNK值在1.00~1.03之间,属弱过铝质花岗岩。稀土元素含量高(∑REE=94×10-6~383×10-6),轻重稀土元素分异明显,(La/Yb)N=6.59~13.20,具有明显的负Eu异常（δEu=0.22~0.38）。相对亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、P、Ti元素,而高场强元素含量高（Zr+Nb+Ce+Y>350×10-6）,且具有较高的10000×Ga/Al比值(2.36~2.79)。地球化学特征暗示了乌兰哈达碱长花岗岩具有典型的A型花岗岩特征。相对低的Nb的含量进一步暗示了该岩体具有A2型属性。构造环境R1-R2判别图和构造环境（Y+Nb）-Rb判别图解显示,该岩体可能形成于后碰撞的拉张环境。结合乌兰哈达岩体的大地构造位置、构造环境及侵位时代,初步推断研究区内华北板块北缘与西伯利亚板块南缘碰撞缝合时代应早于265.1Ma。     

川西甲基卡二云母花岗岩与伟晶岩脉地球化学特征及其地质意义

对川西甲基卡地区二云母花岗岩及伟晶岩脉的岩石学特征、地球化学特征进行了分析,探讨了二云母花岗岩物质来源、构造背景及其与伟晶岩脉的成因联系。分析结果表明,甲基卡二云母花岗岩的SiO_2含量在73.93%~75.06%之间;全碱含量7.90%~8.36%,钾质含量较高,属高钾钙碱性系列岩石;Al_2O_3含量为14.24%~14.77%,A/CNK=1.14~1.24,具强过铝质S型花岗岩特征;ΣREE=31.18×10~(-6)~41.67×10~(-6),LREE/HREE=4.15~6.41,δEu=0.46~0.70;CaO/Na_2O=0.07~0.12(0.3),指示其物源可能是含砂屑物质极少的泥质岩;Al_2O_3/TiO_2=133.1~279.8,比值较高,表明甲基卡二云母花岗岩属高压低温型后碰撞强过铝质岩石。花岗伟晶岩脉SiO_2含量在72.59%~80.91%之间,全碱含量5.26%~10.60%,Al_2O_3含量11.79%~17.64%,σ=0.74~3.80,A/CNK=0.98~2.38,ΣREE=4.03×10~(-6)~8.29×10~(-6),LREE/HREE=2.61~10.40,δEu=0.18~0.68,与岩体差异明显,主、微量元素含量变化也较大。甲基卡二云母花岗岩与伟晶岩脉有密切的成因联系。岩浆不混溶作用可能是形成甲基卡含矿伟晶岩脉的关键因素,花岗质岩浆在上升过程中通过不混溶作用分离出富含挥发分的伟晶岩熔体,在运移或侵位过程中可能交代围岩矿物而使稀有金属元素进一步富集。二云母花岗岩浆和伟晶岩熔体性质的不同导致稀土元素和Th、Sr、Ti、Y、Rb、N等微量元素在两者中含量有明显差异。伟晶岩熔体在运移或就位过程中所经的路径不同和周围环境的差异导致不同位置产出的伟晶岩的元素含量有较大的变化。与二云母花岗岩相比,花岗伟晶岩的形成演化具有一定的跳跃性。     

新疆西准噶尔北部赛尔山地区早志留世流纹斑岩成因及其大地构造意义

在新疆西准噶尔北部的赛尔山地区识别出早志留世喷发的流纹斑岩底垫侵入到和布克赛尔蛇绿混杂带内。流纹斑岩具有高Si O2(70. 88%～73. 36%)、Al2O3(14. 30%～15. 31%)和极低的MgO(0. 36%～1. 09%)含量,同时,还具有中-高的Sr含量(130×10-6～527×10-6)、高的Sr/Y(22. 26～78. 42)和(La/Yb)N(20. 27～24. 24)值及低的重稀土元素含量。此外,流纹斑岩与谢米斯台山北缘早志留世-早泥盆世埃达克质岩都具有正高的εHf(t)值和年轻的Hf模式年龄,同时它们还具有较高的K2O含量、较低的Mg#值和低的Cr、Ni等相容元素含量,认为它们均形成于年轻下地壳的部分熔融。在早奥陶世—早泥盆世,西准噶尔北部可能经历过洋内俯冲、弧-弧碰撞、洋盆闭合和碰撞后伸展阶段的构造演化过程,其中,早志留世之前洋盆已经闭合,随后西准噶尔北部逐渐进入碰撞后松弛期,幔源物质向下地壳渗透,与新生不久的下地壳发生混合形成岩浆池,岩浆通过多通道、多层次的复杂渠道到达中上部地壳,从而形成大量435～400 Ma的A2型和I型花岗岩以及少量埃达克质的中酸性岩浆岩,完成了大规模的地壳垂向增生过程。