直流电纵向激励机械调Q CO2激光器的动力学分析

用一种快速斩波器实现简单直流电纵向激励CO₂激光的机械Q调制. 产生了峰值功率为1~2 kW、 重复频率为740 Hz、 单脉冲宽度为200~300 ns的激光脉冲. 用六温度模型模拟该机械调Q CO₂激光器Q调制的动力学过程, 分析了CO₂分子分解为CO分子比率、 腔内放电电子密度(放电电流)对输出脉冲强度的影响, 并计算了Q转换输出脉冲线形、 脉冲峰值功率及脉冲宽度, 理论计算分析与实验结果相符.      

超临界萃取技术在日用化工中的最新应用

本文对超临界萃取技术简要叙述,包括其在日用化工中的应用,着重介绍超临界萃取技术提取天然物活性成分。     

α-Fe_2O_3基纳米粉体的微乳液法制备及其CO敏感性

为了提高α-Fe2O3纳米粉体对CO的敏感性,本文利用双微乳液法,在聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(TX100)/正己醇/环己烷/水体系的油包水(W/O)型微乳液中合成了掺杂的α-Fe2O3纳米粉体.考察了水相含量对前驱体粒径的影响;对前驱体经400℃焙烧后所得的粉体进行了表征;并对其分散性、气敏性、选择性、稳定性、响应性和恢复性进行了测试.实验结果表明:当水相含量为7%时,所制得的前驱体的粒径最小.样品在水中的电动行为说明了粉体具有良好的分散特性;同时,掺杂0.5mol% Sn4+、Au3+、Zr4+的粉体对CO气体有较好的气敏性,达到了15.     

注CO2混相驱油藏筛选新方法

注CO2混相驱是一种提高原油采收率的重要手段,实施该方法的关键是筛选出具有开发潜力的油藏.目前,在注CO2混相驱油藏的筛选上,缺乏统一的筛选指标和筛选方法.通过对国内外注CO2混相驱油藏开采情况的分析和对比研究,选取了影响注CO2开采效果的12个筛选指标,利用概率与数理统计方法提出了筛选指标的评价标准,并应用模糊优选理论和模糊层次分析法,建立了区间数注CO2混相驱油藏筛选模型.应用该筛选方法对6个典型的候选油藏进行了筛选排序和综合评价.结果表明,该方法能够客观地评估油藏注CO2开发潜力的大小.     

CO2环境介质下16Mn钢的高温高压腐蚀性能

利用高温高压釜,通过失重法、SEM、XRD以及电子探针微观结构分析等方法,对16Mn钢在3种不同高温条件下以及1 MPa分压的饱和CO2环境介质中的腐蚀性能进行研究.结果表明,在60、90、120℃下,16Mn钢发生严重的CO2腐蚀,表现出高的腐蚀速率,且伴有不同程度的点蚀、条状腐蚀特征.随着温度的升高,腐蚀速率呈下降再上升的趋势,90℃时最小,各温度下表面都生成了Fe3C为主的腐蚀产物膜。研究发现,Cl-为点蚀的"激发剂",并且在点蚀坑内富集,导致局部Cl-浓度差不同,形成电偶腐蚀,促进点蚀发生;腐蚀过程显示CO2腐蚀的局部腐蚀特征是各种因素相互作用的结果.     

CO2浓度倍增对元宝枫和刺槐光合特性的影响

在CO2浓度倍增条件下,研究了元宝枫和刺槐叶片光合特性的变化。结果表明:对元宝枫和刺槐培养60 d和90 d,其平均光合速率分别为对照的117.81%和106.11%。8月和9月两树种在CO2倍增条件下叶绿素初始荧光(Fo)较对照升高,最大荧光(Fm)和可变荧光(Fv)较对照降低,但10月和11月这些指标呈相反的变化趋势,光系统II(PSII)的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo)的相应值分别增大0.008、0.012倍和0.230、0.201倍,具有较高的PSII原初光能转化效率。CO2浓度倍增条件下,元宝枫和刺槐的蒸腾速率分别较对照降低了26.82%和42.30%,蒸腾速率的日变化为单峰型,而对照条件下呈现双峰型。     

添加氯离子对Ni/CeO2催化剂CO选择甲烷化反应催化性能的促进

采用浸渍方法制备NiO(Cl_x)/CeO₂系列样品,经还原后得到Ni(Cl_x)/CeO₂催化剂,用于富氢气体中CO的选择甲烷化反应,考察Cl/Ce原子比(x)对CO选择甲烷化反应活性的影响. 结果表明,添加氯离子能够显著抑制CO₂甲烷化反应,因而可使富氢气体中CO浓度降至10-5以下并且CO甲烷化反应选择性不低于50%,满足质子交换膜燃料电池对燃料的要求. 通过CO和CO₂吸附实验、程序升温还原(TPR)测定以及物相组成和晶粒尺寸分析,揭示添加氯离子的作用.      

Atomic layer deposition on Pd nanocrystals for forming Pd-TiO2 interface toward enhanced CO oxidation

Pd typically exhibits relatively low catalytic activity in CO oxidation, as CO is apt to be adsorbed on Pd to poison the surface for O2 activation. In this Letter, we report that this limitation can be overcome by integrating Pd with TiO2. The TiO2 was coated on Pd nanocubes with a controllable thickness using atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. Given the different work functions of TiO2 and Pd, the electrons in TiO2 semiconductor will flow toward Pd. With the electron density increased on Pd, the adsorption of CO to Pd will be weakened while the oxygen activation can be facilitated. Meanwhile, the interface-confined sites at Pd-TiO2 may further enhance the oxygen activation. As the species adsorption and activation are strongly correlated with electron density, the performance of Pd-TiO2 in CO oxidation turns out to depend on the TiO2 thickness, which determines the number of transferred electrons, within a certain range (<1.8 nm). This work provides a new strategy for enhancing catalytic performance through tailoring charge densities in hybrid catalysts.     

碳酸酐酶在四氧化三铁上固定化及其性能表征研究

以四氧化三铁为载体,利用共价结合和交联法相结合的方法制备固定化碳酸酐酶(CA),通过单因素试验,得出CA最佳固定化条件,并对固定化酶进行性能表征.结果表明,在最优的固定化条件下,固定化酶的酶活回收率可达到66.90%,且其pH值稳定性、操作稳定性、热稳定性和贮藏稳定性明显高于同等条件下的游离酶,该固定化酶经5次催化水解底物后仍能保持62.58%的相对酶活.     

Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium for 1-Butanol-Water-KF and 1-Butanol-Water-K2CO3 Systems

KF or K2CO3 was added into the 1-butanol-water system and two phases were formed： water-rich phase （water phase） and 1-butanol-rich phase （1-butanol phase）. The liquid liquid equilibrium （LLE） data for 1-butanol-water-KF and 1-butanol-water-K2CO3 systems were measured at 25℃ and showed that 1-butanol phase contained negligible salt and water phase contained negligible 1-butanol when the concentrations of KF and K2CO3 in the water phase were equal to or higher than 27.11% and 31.68% , respectively. Thus water could be separated efficiently from 1-butanol-water by adding KF or K2CO3 into the system. A theoretical calculation of LLE data was calculated by using the Pitzer theory to get water activity in the water phase, and by the models, such as the Wilson, NRTL or the UNIQUAC for the 1-butanol phase. For 1-hutanol-water-KF system, the experimental data were found in good agreement with the calculated results by using Pitzer theory and Wilson equa tion, while for 1-butanol-water-K2CO3 system, the experimental data were found in good agreement with the calculated results by using Pitzer theory and UNIQUAC eauation.