Propagating of Unloaded Indentation Crack in PZT—5H Ferroelectric Ceramics Under Single or Combined Mechanical and Electric Loadings

研究了不同极化状态下PZT-5H铁电陶瓷压痕裂纹在应力和电场单独作用以及耦合作用下的扩展行为结果表明, 压痕裂纹残余应力引起的应力场强度因子近似等于断裂韧性.对沿长度方向极化的试样,正、负电场均能引起压痕裂纹的扩展,但正电场的作用更大.电场和应力的耦合作用表现为对应力的线性叠加.电场引起的内应力σin=(?)YE/[1.16(1-v2)Ec],式中(?)=(2.75=5.71)×10-4,与PZT的极化状态有关.     

核电汽轮机用钢蓝脆和应力腐蚀的交互作用

本文研究了核电汽轮机用钢蓝脆和应力腐蚀的交互作用，结果表明：这类中强度钢在水介 中的应力腐蚀敏感性很小，保能用慢拉伸方法才能发现。但是，在蓝脆温度附近，动态应变时效将和应力腐蚀发生交互作用，从而使应力腐蚀敏感性急剧升高。其原因和应变高度局部化导致的氢富集有关。     

X65钢CO2腐蚀产物膜形成机理

用X-射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微分析（SEM）技术研究了X65钢在模拟油田CO：腐蚀环境下腐蚀产物膜的形成与生长过程。结果表明：腐蚀产物膜分为三层，表层由FeCO3等轴晶粒构成；中间层由棒状晶粒构成，且充满孔洞；最内层由致密的FeCO3晶粒构成。三层膜的形成机理为最初的腐蚀过程是钢基体溶解，继而形成Fe3C架构，并在其表面沉积FeCO3晶粒，CO32^-和HCO3^-向内扩散与钢基体直接反应形成中间层和最内层。     

不同环境下TiAl基金属间化合物的力学行为

研究了室温、473K和573K充氢前后Ti-49Al合金在不同应变速率下在真空、空气以及流动的氢气中的拉伸行为.结果表明,在5.6×10-6～2×10-4s-1应变速率范围内,Ti-49Al合金的力学行为没有明显的变化,但温度的影响很大.充氢样品中的内氢通过降低原子键合力来引起氢脆,而未充氢样品在流动的氢气中拉伸时,主要是由于氢引起了局部塑性变形而导致样品的脆性断裂.     

Corrosion-enhanced dislocation emission and motion resulting in initiation of stress corrosion cracking

A special constant deflection device for TEM has been designed, and then change of dislocation configuration ahead of a crack tip during stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass in water and of Ti-24Al-11Nb alloy in methanol and initiation of SCC can he observed in TEM In situ tensile test in TEM for brass was carried out for comparison The results show that anodic dissolution during SCC can facilitate dislocation emission, multiplication and motion, and a dislocation free zone (DFZ) is formed The stress at a particular site in the DFZ, which is an elastic zone and is thinned gradually through corrosion-enhanced dislocation emission and motion, is possibly up to the cohesive strength, resulting in initiating of a nanocrack of SCC in the DFZ or sometimes at the crack tip. Because of the action of the corrosion solution the nanocrack of SCC propagates into a cleavage or intergranular microcrack rather than blunts into a void like in situ tension in TEM     

Hydrogen-induced cracking and its anisotropy of a PZT ferroelectric ceramics

The physical properties of ceramics will be degraded by charging and restored by outgassing at 650℃[1,2]. This means that atomic hydrogen can enter into ceramics through diffusion during charging. The electrical properties of the integrated PZT capacitors will be deteriorated by an-nealing in low pressure hydrogen, and the inter-layer dielectric or top electrode adhesion will be destroyed in high pressure hydrogen[3]. For an aluminum ceramics, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) or delayed fail…     

Fracture mechanism of TiAl intermetallics caused by hydride and atomic hydrogen

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of TiAl intermetallics was studied at room temperature. The results showed that there were two forms of HE in TiAl intermetallics, i.e. hydride HE and atomic HE. Most of hydrogen in TiAl intermetallics was transformed into hydrides at room temperature. The hydride exists as (TiAl)H_x for a low hydrogen concentration while it exists in several forms for a higher hydrogen concentration. Stress intensity factor K_(IC) decreased with increase in hydride concentration. K_(IC) decreased further when TiAl intermetallics were charged cathodically with hydrogen in 1 mol/L H_2SO_4 solution. Stress intensity factor during hydrogen charging K_(IH) was about 50％ K_(IC). 20％ of the decrease was caused by hydrides while 30％ was caused by atomic hydrogen. Mechanism of HE caused hydrides was the same as any other second phase in nature. Delayed fracture caused by atomic hydrogen resulted from hydrogen induced local plastic deformation.     

射频功率对氧化铬薄膜的力学性能和耐磨损性能的影响

利用射频反应磁控溅射法在45钢基体上制备了氧化铬薄膜.采用XRD测试了薄膜的晶体结构,用Tribo-Indentor纳米力学测试系统得到了薄膜的硬度及微观形貌,在UMT显微力学测试仪上测试了薄膜的耐磨损性能,在此基础上讨论了铬靶溅射功率对薄膜的力学性能和耐磨损性能的影响.结果表明:在射频功率较低的情况下薄膜为Cr2O3结构.随着射频功率的提高,薄膜表面的大颗粒物质增多,硬度下降.射频功率增大时,磨损体积增加,薄膜的耐磨损性能下降.     

低碳贝氏体钢在干燥和高湿环境中的腐蚀行为

测试低碳贝氏体钢分别于干燥和高湿环境的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和极化曲线,并观察其表面形貌,对比研究了低碳贝氏体钢在两种环境中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,低碳贝氏体钢在两种环境中的腐蚀速率均是先增至峰值后减小.高湿环境中试样的腐蚀速率峰值出现早于干燥环境中试样.峰值前高湿环境中试样的腐蚀速率高于干燥环境中试样的腐蚀速率,峰值后高湿环境中试样的腐蚀速率低于干燥环境中试样的腐蚀速率.