潮流能研究现状2013

21世纪以来,面对常规能源日益枯竭、环境恶化的局面,各国将目光转向可再生能源。海洋潮流能因为优越的可再生性、环保性及巨大的贮藏量而成为重点研究对象。至2013年,海洋潮流能利用在技术上取得了长足的进步,而且发展十分迅速,新概念、新技术和新装置层出不穷。本文从工作原理、技术特征、实验及应用情况等方面对其中具有代表性的潮流能发电装置的模型及实型作了综述和评价,通过对比分析能量转换装置和载体形式的技术特点,指出了当前潮流能开发中存在的主要问题及未来的发展趋势。     

再制造工程的现状与前沿

再制造是维修工程和表面工程发展的高级阶段,是先进制造的重要组成,是废旧产品高技术修复、改造的产业化;再制造具有"两型社会、五六七"的特征。中国经济社会发展对再制造具有十分迫切的需求,再制造的初步应用也已取得了非常明显的节能减排效果。国际上,美国的再制造体系较完善,近10年来,中国的再制造发展迅猛,在再制造的政策法规、产业实践及基础研究方面成绩斐然,已成为世界再制造中心之一。再制造的发展前沿可概括为"探索再制造的科学基础、创新再制造的关键技术、制定再制造的行业标准"。     

Site/Non-Site: Extending the Parameters in Contemporary Landscape

As the world teeters on the verge of environmental collapse, landscape architecture has taken on a new significance offering a longed-for sanctuary for our increasingly urbanised lives. Here, in his introduction to the issue, guest-editor Michael Spens explains how by taking its impetus from land art, landscape architecture, as an expanded field, transcends the conventional confines of site. This renders it possible to read architecture ‘as landscape, or as non-landscape, as building becomes non-site’ and the ‘site indeed materialises as the work per se’. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自然资源资产负债表的编制难点分析

随着近几年我国经济社会快速发展,经济发展对自然环境产生的较大影响,因而造成我国自然资源过度损耗,生态环境遭受严重破坏。十八届三中全会首次提出编制自然资源资产负债表,目的就在于创新我国自然资源管理体制,给我国环境治理和生态修复提供一个更好的解决办法和途径。因此,我国各个领域的专家学者从多方位多角度对自然资源资产负债表的编制问题展开探索,在研究过程中也产生了许多难题。本文根据对目前自然资源资产负债表现有文献的分析,简要分析当前自然资源资产负债表编制工作的一些难题,并对未来编制工作提出几点意见。     

沉淀历史的新景观——走进杭州小河直街历史文化街区

小河直街历史街区是杭州历史文化名城保护规划划定的历史地段之一。经历了漫长的年代,其损坏却日益严重起来。自从杭州对小河直街严重受损的房屋以及其建筑结构进行重建和修缮后,当时的历史元素等得到了保护,但"新形象"与河岸建筑及完整保留下来的民居建筑外观令人有种不协调之感。因此,在历史文化遗产的修复和保护热潮不断受到各界广泛关注之时,我们该怎样面对现在进行中的保护模式和未来的发展趋势,十分值得我们探讨和关注。     

德国的噪声污染防治现状及欧盟未来的噪声政策

本文介绍了联邦德国的噪声污染现状及噪声污染防治工作进展，还介绍了一个新的噪声污染计量概念－LKZ以及欧盟未来噪声防治的技术经济政策等。     

Robotics in the factory of the future: AI in manufacturing: The NBS AMRF as an intelligent machine

Within its Automated Manufacturing Research Facility (AMRF), the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS) is addressing research issues in interface standards for the fully automated factory of the future for the production of small batches of discrete parts. Consisting of robots, machine tools and computers, the AMRF is being integrated using a real-time, sensory-feedback, data-driven hierarchical control architecture. As such, the AMRF is a research tool for investigating the manufacturing enterprise as a system of intelligent machines. This paper: (1) describes the AMRF in terms of its real-time control system architecture; (2) notes the role of symbolic languages, knowledge-representation, sensory-processing and other aspects of artificial intelligence in its development; and (3) speculates on further application of AI in future intelligent manufacturing systems similar in form to the AMRF.     

Are animals stuck in time?

People can time travel cognitively because they can remember events having occurred at particular times in the past (episodic memory) and because they can anticipate new events occurring at particular times in the future. The ability to assign points in time to events arises from human development of a sense of time and its accompanying time-keeping technology. The hypothesis is advanced that animals are cognitively stuck in time; that is, they have no sense of time and thus have no episodic memory or ability to anticipate long-range future events. Research on animals' abilities to detect time of day, track short time intervals, remember the order of a sequence of events, and anticipate future events is considered, and it is concluded that the stuck-in-time hypothesis is largely supported by the current evidence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Looking ahead: The future of psychology and APA.

While serving as APA president, I very much enjoyed the opportunity to learn more about the variety and complexity of psychology as a discipline and practice. In particular, I became interested in various emerging directions and future possibilities. This article, based on my 2007 presidential address at the APA annual convention, summarizes my observations and reflections and attempts to present a reasonably compelling portrait of psychology's future and that of the APA. I hope that this overview will stimulate others to gaze into their own crystal balls and use their insights to construct an even more lively and vibrant psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Research in industrial and organizational psychology from 1963 to 2007: Changes, choices, and trends.

The authors conducted a content analysis of all articles published in the Journal of Applied Psychology and Personnel Psychology from January 1963 to May 2007 (N = 5,780) to identify the relative attention devoted to each of 15 broad topical areas and 50 more specific subareas in the field of industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology. Results revealed that (a) some areas have become more (or less) popular over time, whereas others have not changed much, and (b) there are some lagged relationships between important societal issues that involve people and work settings (i.e., human-capital trends) and I-O psychology research that addresses them. Also, much I-O psychology research does not address human-capital trends. Extrapolating results from the past 45 years to the next decade suggests that the field of I-O psychology is not likely to become more visible or more relevant to society at large or to achieve the lofty goals it has set for itself unless researchers, practitioners, universities, and professional organizations implement significant changes. In the aggregate, the changes address the broad challenge of how to narrow the academic-practitioner divide. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)