Risk Factors of Germinal Matrix Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants

Objective

To determine whether some clinical parameters can be used to predict the hemorrhage and whether the relationship between these clinical variables and the grades of hemorrhage is linear.

Methods

A total of 230 premature infants, born at a gestational age less than 34 weeks were retrospectively reviewed. Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH), the grade of the hemorrhage, and clinical data were assessed with a checklist. Variables were analyzed by using Mann Whitney U and Fisher’s exact tests and then multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent risk factors.

Findings

Resuscitation, gestational age, hypotension, multiple birth, and birth weight were found to be independent risk factors. We determined non-linear relationship between the grades of hemorrhage and the clinical parameters. But when we classified hemorrhages as grade 1, grade 2-3 and grade 4, the relationships were found linear.

Conclusion

Premature infants who had resuscitation, low gestational age, hypotension, multiple birth, and low birth weight are more likely to have GM-IVH. The relationship between the clinical variables and the grades of GM-IVH does not seem to be linear.     

超声诊断睾丸及附睾结核1例

患者男,49岁.以"右睾丸及附睾肿物"入我院治疗.超声检查:右侧睾丸内可见弥漫性呈点片状低回声团,不规则(图1),睾丸内见有丰富的彩色血流.右侧附睾明显增大,头体部5.0 cm×2.6 cm,尾部3.0 cm×1.6 cm,呈低回声,其内可见有较丰富的彩色血流.右侧睾丸鞘膜内可显示4.9 cm×3.6 cm的液性暗区,有分隔.右腹股沟区可显示多数个低回声团,最大的1.6 cm×0.7 cm.超声诊断:①右侧睾丸内低回声团性质待定,占位性病变待除外;②右侧附睾炎性改变伴鞘膜积液;③右侧腹股沟淋巴结增大.术后病理:右侧睾丸及附睾结核.     

胎儿肾积水的超声诊断及预后评价

目的探讨胎儿肾积水的产前超声诊断及其预后。方法对56例胎儿肾积水按肾盂扩张的前后径(<10mm,10~15mm,>15mm)为准,分为轻,中,重度3组,并于首次检查后l个月,两周、产前及出生后l个月,3个月,6个月,12个月,18个月,24个月进行随访复查。结果29例轻度肾积水胎儿,随访过程中有26例肾积水消失,2例肾积水减轻,1例肾积水加重;16例中度肾积水胎儿,随访过程有7例肾积水消失,1例肾积水减轻,8例肾积水加重;11例重度肾积水胎儿随访过程中均见病情加重。结论胎儿肾积水应于出生后复查以明确诊断。超声检查安全无创,能在一定程度上判断胎儿预后,具有较高的临床及社会价值。     

超声引导经皮胆囊穿刺置管引流术在老年急性胆囊炎中的应用

目的　探讨超声引导经皮胆囊穿刺置管引流术 (PGCD)在老年人急性胆囊炎中的应用价值。方法　回顾性分析了超声引导下PGCD在 1组 16例老年人急性胆囊炎中的应用的临床资料 ,并与同期 18例接受了胆囊切除术和 8例手术胆囊造瘘术的急性胆囊炎老年患者的资料相比较。结果　胆囊切除术组和胆囊造瘘术组的手术并发症率和死亡率以及平均住院天数分别为 38.9%、12 .5 %和 11.1%、12 .5 %以及 2 2 .4天与 32 .0天 ,而PGCD组的并发症率和死亡率均为 0 ,平均住院 16 .3天 ,其中胆囊切除术组和胆囊造瘘术组的手术并发症率和平均住院天数明显高于PGCD组 ,P <0 .0 5。结论　超声引导下PGCD是治疗老年人急性胆囊炎的有效、安全和简便的方法。     

髂动脉夹层动脉瘤1例

患者男,65岁.因前列腺手术前常规B超检查偶然发现左中下腹一包块而行彩超检查.所用仪器:ALOKA SSD-1700 Ⅱ型,探头频率3.5 MHz.     

Clinical evaluation of internal joint derangement using sonography

Objectives  Currently, the most precise method for imaging the soft tissue of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but this technique is often unavailable because of its high cost or is otherwise unsuitable. In the absence of complete information about the TMJ disc, treatment decisions are based only on the results of clinical exams and conventional radiography of TMJ hard tissues. This study was performed to evaluate the accuracy of high-resolution ultrasonography (HR-US) in the detection of TMJ disc displacement. Methods  MRI and sonography were performed on 16 TMJs in ten patients who were diagnosed with anterior disc displacement (ADD), and the findings of the sonography and MRI examinations were compared. Results  All cases of ADD diagnosed by sonography were confirmed by MRI. Conclusion  HR-US is a reliable technique for imaging the TMJ disc that can be used for TMJ diagnosis and treatment planning.     

Masseter muscle thickness three years after surgical correction of class III dentofacial deformity

Objective

To analyse the effect of integrated orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery and orofacial myofunctional therapy on masseter muscle thickness in patients with class III dentofacial deformity three years after orthognathic surgery.

Design

A longitudinal study was conducted on 13 patients with class III dentofacial deformities, denoted here as group P1 (before surgery) and group P3 (same patients 3 years to 3 years and 8 months after surgery). Fifteen individuals with no changes in facial morphology or dental occlusion were assigned to the control group (CG). Masseter muscle ultrasonography was performed in the resting and biting situations in the three groups. Data were analysed statistically by a mixed-effects linear model considering a level of significance of P < 0.05.

Results

Significantly higher values (P < 0.01) of masseter muscle thickness (cm) were detected in group P3 (right rest: 0.82 ± 0.16, left rest: 0.87 ± 0.21, right bite: 1 ± 0.22, left bite: 1.04 ± 0.28) compared to group P1 (right rest: 0.63 ± 0.19, left rest: 0.64 ± 0.15, right bite: 0.87 ± 0.16, left bite: 0.88 ± 0.14). Between P3 and CG (right rest: 1.02 ± 0.19, left rest: 1 ± 0.19, right bite: 1.18 ± 0.22, left bite: 1.16 ± 0.22) there was a significant difference on the right side of the muscle (P < 0.05) in both situations and on the left side at rest.

Conclusion

The proposed treatment resulted in improved masseter muscle thickness in patients with class III dentofacial deformity.     

术前超声造影在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结诊断中的应用

前哨淋巴结为汇集原发肿瘤淋巴引流的第一个或第一组淋巴结。有无前哨淋巴结转移是影响乳腺癌TNM分期、选择治疗方案以及评估预后的重要因素。目前,术前评估腋窝淋巴结有无转移最常用的是常规超声检查,但常规超声无法判断何为前哨淋巴结。随着超声造影技术的发展及应用,超声造影为前哨淋巴结的诊断提供了新的诊断思路。近年来不断有学者发表相关文献,表明乳腺癌前哨淋巴结可以用超声造影来识别和定性。现对超声造影应用于乳腺癌前哨淋巴结诊断的相关研究现状进行综述。     

穿刺冲洗术治疗哺乳期乳腺脓肿182例疗效观察及治疗后哺乳结局分析

目的 探讨哺乳期乳腺脓肿经超声引导下穿刺冲洗术治疗效果,并分析影响治疗后病人哺乳结局的相关因素。方法收集2017年1月至2020年12月郑州大学第三附属医院收治经超声引导下穿刺冲洗术治疗的182例哺乳期乳腺脓肿病人的临床资料,哺乳结局根据治疗后是否回奶,分为回奶组27例和继续母乳喂养组155例。从产次、产后时间（产后初次发病时间）、脓肿位置、脓肿长径、致病菌、穿刺次数等方面,采用χ2检验进行单因素分析,采用logistic回归模型进行哺乳结局的多因素分析。结果 本研究纳入182例病人,其中165例经过超声引导下穿刺冲洗术联合抗生素治疗后达到治愈标准,治愈率90.7%,治疗后回奶病人27例,回奶率14.8%(27/182)。单因素分析结果显示,哺乳结局与时间、脓肿位置、穿刺次数有相关性（均P<0.05）;多因素分析结果显示,中央区脓肿[OR=11.61,95%CI:(2.70,49.85),P=0.001]、脓腔≥5 cm[OR=3.60,95%CI:(1.12,11.51),P=0.031]和穿刺次数[OR=10.08,95%CI:(2.04,49.60),P=0.004]是影响...     

体外冲击波联合富血小板血浆治疗骨不连

目的观察在超声辅助引导下利用体外冲击波联合富血小板血浆来治疗骨不连的疗效。 方法将48例符合骨不连(BU)入组标准的患者,采用随机数字法分为3组。即在肌肉骨骼超声的引导下,分别采用体外冲击波(SW),富血小板血浆(PRP)和冲击波联合富血小板血浆(SW-PRP)的方法治疗。对比分析患者治疗前后X射线图像,并分析3组在治愈率及患者治疗周期等方面的差异。组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验,组间比较采用卡方检验。 结果3组BU患者在治疗12个月时：SW组治愈所需时间为(24.8±1.7)周,治愈率81.25%;PRP治疗组治愈所需时间为(25.8±1.4)周,治愈率为75.0%;SW-PRP组治愈所需时间为(21.8±1.5)周,治愈率为93.8%。SW-PRP组的治愈时间短于PRP组(P＝0.01)和SW组(P＝0.03)。 结论体外SW联合PRP治疗BU,相比于单一治疗方法可缩短其治疗周期,但在治愈率上没有差异。