脉动液压成形技术与设备

介绍脉动液压成形技术的成形原理、工艺特点及应用领域。从工艺和材料两方面对脉动液压成形提高材料成形能力的机理进行研究,试验证明脉动载荷一方面能够促进管材液压成形时的补料、降低摩擦力的阻碍作用并利用成形过程中小褶皱的出现与消失提高变形的均匀性;另一方面,对于奥氏体不锈钢,脉动载荷可以增强形变过程中的相变增塑效应,从而提高其成形性。自主设计并研制出能实现工业化生产需求的自动化程度高的脉动液压成形设备,为该项技术在汽车、航空及航天制造领域中的推广和应用提供重要的理论指导和实践探索。     

基于ANSYS的液压机工作台的轻量化设计及改进

建立基于ANSYS的某液压机工作台的有限元模型,模拟工作台工作时的实际工况对其进行应力、变形分析,并在此分析基础上对工作台上板进行轻量化;同时运用拓扑优化的方法对工作台结构作进一步改进,从而在满足设计要求的基础上有效地减轻工作台的质量,改进工作台的结构形状,该研究工作为以后工作台的设计提供依据。     

基于等刚度条件的薄壁结构的一种材料替代轻量化设计分析方法

通过对板壳结构有限单元的弯曲应变能和膜应变能进行分析,得到一个采用不同材料的薄壁结构的刚度之间的近似解析关系式。将其与结构刚度的有限元计算分析过程相结合,提出一种不同材料但等刚度的薄壁结构的迭代设计方法和材料替代轻量化分析方法。分析得到的薄壁结构关于板壳的弯曲应变能占总的应变能的比例  的等刚度曲线,可用于直观地评价材料替代得到的等刚度结构的轻量化效果,可指导薄壁结构的轻量化设计。分析表明,材料替代对薄壁结构刚度的影响不仅与材料的弹性特性和板壳厚度相关,还与给定载荷下结构的  参数相关。对于铝板替代钢板的薄壁结构设计问题, 越高,则等刚度铝板结构的轻量化效果越明显。通过对一个悬臂薄壁钢板曲梁结构和一个典型车身接头结构的材料替代设计和轻量化分析,验证了提出的设计、分析方法的有效性和结论的正确性。     

基于轻量级卷积神经网络的人脸检测方法研究

针对现阶段卷积神经网络参数量较大，检测速度较慢，无法嵌入至移动端电子设备，且在复杂环境下检测精度较低的问题，设计了两层前后分离轻量级的卷积神经网络的人脸检测方法。第一层网络采用全卷积神经网络，用于快速提取人脸特征，并生成大量的人脸边界候选框。第二层网络采用深层全连接卷积神经网络，将第一层网络推断的人脸候选区域进行筛选，并输出人脸大小、坐标和置信度。实验表明，本文设计的人脸检测方法在人脸基准数据集FDDB上具备较高的检测精度和检测速度，轻量级的网络设计使得算法移植到前端电子设备成为了可能。     

Use of zeolite-rich rocks and waste materials for the production of structural lightweight concretes

This paper aims at testing the use of mixtures constituted by natural zeolitized products and SiC-bearing industrial wastes (sludge deriving from polishing of porcelain stoneware tiles, hereafter DPM) for the production of lightweight expanded aggregates as constituents of structural and/or thermo-insulating lightweight concretes. Two commercial products have been used as zeolite natural source: Cab70 (Yellow facies of Campanian Ignimbrite) and IZclino (Turkish clinoptilolite-rich epiclastite). Different amounts of a calcareous material (Pozzano limestones — hereafter CP) from the Sorrento peninsula (Naples — Italy) were also added to a Cab70–DPM mixture. All raw materials were characterized by means of mineralogical (XRPD) and chemical (XRF) analyses. All the products and mixtures were tested from a technological point of view by means of fusibility and firing tests in order to evaluate the expanding properties. It was evidenced that the expansion of the mixture was deeply depending on the occurrence of SiC in the industrial waste. The addition of CP (10 wt.%) to the mixtures accounts for an even increased expansion, though this is accompanied by a worsening of the mechanical features of the material.These results along with literature data allowed to select 3 mixtures (70% Cab70–30% DPM, 70% IZclino–30% DPM, 60% Cab70–30% DPM–10% CP) and each of them was used for the preparation of 5 l of lightweight aggregates afterward employed for the manufacture of lightweight concretes. It was remarked that natural zeolitized materials mixed with DPM (30 wt.%) can provide lightweight aggregates with densities ranging between 0.8 and 1.0 g/cm³ suitable for the preparation of structural lightweight concretes. The addition to the mixture of CP (10 wt.%) produces less dense aggregates (0.6–0.7 g/cm³) potentially useful for the manufacture of thermo insulating lightweight concretes.     

自密实混凝土在CL结构墙体中的应用

本文根据CL(Composite Lightweight)结构墙体用自密实混凝土(Self-Compacted Concrete)的特点,阐述了SCC的配合比设计过程及生产运输浇筑过程,提出了SCC配比设计要强度、工作性"两手抓"及CL结构墙体SCC现浇要保证及时性、连续性,并且要"选点下料,连续浇筑"的观点。     

Data-based spatial feedforward for over-actuated motion systems

For advanced motion systems there is an increasing demand for higher production throughput and accuracy. Traditionally, such systems are designed using a rigid-body design paradigm, which aims at designs with high stiffness. The alternative is to design a lightweight system and deal with the resulting flexibilities by over-actuation and over-sensing. This paper presents a data-based spatial feedforward method based on previous task trials, which aims at reducing the vibrations over the complete structure during motion. The proposed method is experimentally validated on an industrial prototype and compared to standard mass feedforward using rigid-body decoupling.     

极限挖掘载荷下挖掘机铲斗轻量化设计

为研究如何在满足强度要求的前提下降低铲斗的质量,提出一种基于连续挖掘轨迹和极限挖掘力的铲斗轻量化设计方法。基于连续轨迹理论选定当挖掘机器人动臂处于主挖区内,由铲斗、斗杆液压缸交替挖掘的4段轨迹作为研究前提,计算并分析了连续轨迹上极限挖掘力的数值变化规律;使用APDL语言建立铲斗参数化模型,以极限挖掘力为外载荷研究铲斗结构强度的变化规律;以铲斗质量和应力为优化目标建立铲斗结构优化模型,使用遗传算法对铲斗进行优化。结果表明：铲斗液压缸挖掘时铲斗的应力、变形明显大于斗杆挖掘;优化后铲斗的质量减少了5.27%、最大应力减少了6.23%,验证了优化方法的可行性。     

粉煤灰轻质隔热耐火砖的研制

利用电厂优质粉煤灰 ,加入少量辅助材料及复合结合剂 ,制成体积密度为 0 .6～ 1.0g/cm的轻质隔热耐火砖。制品掺灰量为 60～ 90 % ,无需粘土结合 ,导热系数小 ,热稳定性好 ,成本低 ,可替代漂珠砖用于冶金、机械、化工等行业     

双掺矿物掺合料轻骨料混凝土性能试验研究

试验研究了粉煤灰、矿渣粉复合掺合料对LC30页岩陶粒轻骨料混凝土坍落度、抗压强度、抗冻融性能、抗碳化性能和自由收缩性能的影响规律。结果表明:总掺量不变时随着粉煤灰相对掺量的增加,坍落度逐渐增加;矿物掺合料提高了混凝土后期抗压强度,总掺量为30%、粉煤灰矿渣粉掺入比例2∶3时28 d抗压强度高于基准试验组14.3%;总掺量一定时掺入比例为2∶3的试验组,混凝土抗冻性能、抗碳化性能和抗自由收缩性能最佳;掺入比例一定时,掺量为30%的试验组的力学性能和耐久性能更优。