pH和DO作为A2N-IC-SBR工艺实时控制参数

试验从硝化污泥和聚磷污泥的培养开始至A2N-IC-SBR工艺稳定运行结束,系统地记录了污泥驯化培养阶段、A2N工艺运行阶段、A2N-IC工艺运行阶段中pH和DO的变化与氮磷浓度的关系.结果表明:厌氧阶段pH的变化比较复杂,与进水碳磷比、反硝化聚磷菌和好氧聚磷菌的富集程度等因素有关,不同的进水水质与污泥有不同的变化规律;诱导结晶阶段pH的变化受到钙盐投药方式以及混合方式的影响,pH与SP浓度的变化并不存在明显的相关性;硝化反应中硝化作用完成的特征点较明显,d(DO)/dt最大值点及d(pH)/dt由负变正的特征点均可作为硝化完成的指示点;好氧聚磷阶段,聚磷终点与pH拐点、DO大幅上升出现的时刻相同;缺氧聚磷阶段,pH停止上升的时刻可以用来指示聚磷的完成.     

循环荷载下低屈服点钢材LYP225的力学性能

为了研究低屈服点钢材LYP225的循环本构关系,对18个试件进行单调加载和循环加载,研究其单调曲线、滞回特点、破坏形态等.基于Ramberg-Osgood模型拟合了对称逐级加载下的循环骨架曲线,通过试验滞回数据标定了基于Chaboche模型的等向强化和随动强化参数,并将其输入到Abaqus软件的混合强化模型中,对强化参数的准确性进行验证.结果表明:LYP225钢材的应力-应变关系与加载历史相关;在不同加载制度下LYP225钢材均表现出良好的延性特征;采用Ramberg-Osgood模型能较好地模拟LYP225钢材在循环对称逐级加载下的骨架曲线;将标定的混合强化参数输入到Abaqus软件中,所得结果能准确模拟LYP225钢材的滞回曲线.因此,LYP225钢材在循环荷载下的性能不同于单调荷载,通过试验数据拟合的强化参数可用于整体结构中的地震反应分析.     

特大城市中心体系产业空间关联特征

为探索城市经济规模以及城市中心体系空间规模的关联特征,采用2012年我国15个特大城市的中心体系各产业用地的空间规模数据为基础,以城市生产总值和第三产业产值为经济指标进行量化分析,研究了中心体系生产服务、生活服务、社会服务、居住等产业职能的空间规模与城市经济水平之间的关系.结果证明,城市中心体系的空间规模与城市经济规模存在明显的互动规律,城市中心体系的构成要素与城市第三产业的构成要素之间也具有明确的互动规律,并从产业、人口及政府推动3个方面对背后的关联特征及其机制进行解析,为城市中心体系的发展找到城市产业经济的支撑.     

基于基因组的TEV蛋白酶的高表达

TEV蛋白酶由于其高酶切活性、酶切位点的专一性和酶切条件的宽容性而在蛋白分离和蛋白质组学研究等领域有着广泛的应用.目前获得TEV蛋白酶的方法是将克隆在质粒上的TEV基因在大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21(DE3)中实现过表达.但本方法有一定缺点,如需使用抗生素,这就可能在后续的纯化中引入杂质,菌株群体中不均一性而降低产量等.本研究通过重组工程方法将受T7强启动子驱动的,与麦芽糖结合蛋白MBP融合的TEV蛋白酶基因整合至BL21(DE3)的基因组上进行过表达.MBP-TEV在细胞内自剪切获得分离的TEV.NiNTA亲和层析得到纯化的TEV,产量可达4.2 mg/L.所分离的TEV表达出良好的酶切活性.本菌株有着以之大规模获得TEV的潜力,所建立的通过重组工程将外源基因整合至BL21(DE3)基因组的进行表达的方法也可成为通用的平台技术.     

An investigation on terahertz response in electro-optic crystals excited at 1.03 lm wavelength

We theoretically investigate terahertz(THz)emission and detection from h110i-oriented electro-optic(EO) crystals adapted for Yb-doped femtosecond pulse laser.According to the principles of phase-matching condition, the dispersion relation between optical velocity and THz pulse,THz absorption spectra, and coherence lengths of CdTe, GaP,and GaAs crystals below the phonon resonant frequency are calculated correspondingly. The optical rectification and EO sampling process of above crystals with the same thickness of0.1 mm are simulated. As a consequence, we found that the optimal emission frequency of CdTe is at 2.65 THz, however,it reaches 6.56 THz of GaAs and 4.77 THz of GaP. With the help of frequency response function, the calculated cut-off frequency of CdTe is only 3.45 THz, while GaAs and GaP achieve 7.15 and 6.37 THz correspondingly. Finally, the EO sampling sensitivity of GaAs is higher than CdTe and GaP when the crystal's thickness exceeds 1.58 mm. The strong THz absorption of CdTe saturates distinctly the EO sampling sensitivity with its thickness increasing.     

Engineering acid dew temperature: the limitation for flue gas heat recovery

In order to study how deep we can reduce the temperature of exhaust flue gas, an experiment focusing on the combined influence of ash deposition and acid condensation on the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger was carried out in a 300-MW boiler unit. An annular tube was inserted into the flue gas duct between the air preheater and the electrostatic precipitator. The water with given temperature firstly entered the inner tube and then flowed into the outer tube at the end of the inner tube. It is found that heat transfer performance drops sharply at fixed temperature range under given coal quality. The turning temperature is defined as the engineering acid dew temperature （EADT）. When the inlet water temperature is under the EADT, ash sticks to the tube and is difficult to blow off, and thus the flow resistance rises. Furthermore, the corrosion can be observed obviously. From the point of economy and reliability, EADT is the limitation for flue gas heat recovery. The EADT is at least 30 ℃ lower than ADT calculated by traditional empirical and theoretical equations.     

Retrieval of column-averaged volume mixing ratio of CO2 with ground-based high spectral resolution solar absorption

The total column-averaged volume mixing ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide （Xco2） has been retrieved with high spectral resolution solar absorption data obtained from ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer （FTS） measurements at Xichong, a coastal site in the district of Shenzhen in southern China. Based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS） theory, the Xco2 was retrieved by finding the best match of observed high spectral resolution solar absorption data and monochromatic radia- tion transfer model calculations. The averaged Xco2 in the whole observation period was about 394.9 ppm. The uncertainty of the retrieval was estimated to be 2.0 ppm （0.51%） by comparing retrievals at two bands. The preliminary results show that Xc% retrieved by this method can be used to validate satellite remote sensing of Xco2.     

Effect of heating rate on the electrochemical performance of MnO X @CNF nanocomposites as supercapacitor electrodes

Carbon nanofibers （CNFs） and MnOjc@CNF nanocomposites （MCNFs） are fabricated by electrospin- ning and investigated as free-standing electrodes for sup- ercapacitor. This work presents the effect of heating rate during carbonization on the electrochemical behavior of the as-prepared MCNFs electrodes in 6 mol/L KOH elec-trolyte. Results show that the MCNFs electrodes carbon- ized by relatively slower heating rate exhibit higher specific capacitance. The electronic conductivity of the slow heated MCNFs electrodes is better than that of the fast heated electrodes due to the better crystallinity of the MnOx nanoparticles and the graphitic carbon layers forming on the surface of the Mn-loaded CNFs. These MCNFs electrodes demonstrate elevated rate capability and improved cycling performance without adding any polymer binder or electronic conductor.     

Dietary overlap of snow leopard and other carnivores in the Pamirs of Northwestern China

Information about competition between carnivore species for food within high altitude regions is limited.Data collected from the Taxkorgan Nature Reserve,China revealed important interactions between snow leopard(Panthera uncia),grey wolf(Canis lupus),red fox(Vulpes vulpes)and their prey species,including domestic livestock.Sixty-four line transects were conducted in order to identify field signs of habitat occupancy and collect scats for diet analysis.High dietary overlap was observed between all three carnivore species:snow leopard and red fox(Pianka’s index=0.96),red fox and grey wolf(Pianka’s index=0.90),snow leopard and grey wolf(Pianka’s index=0.87).Snow leopard and grey wolf showed significant predation on livestock(36.8%for snow leopard and 29.4%for grey wolf in diet composition).As a pioneering exploration of the endangered snow leopard and its relationship with other species within the alpine ecosystem under livestock grazing pressure,this study contributes a greater understanding of the relationship within carnivore guild in the Pamirs whilst providing implications for conservation planning and project implementation activities in China.     

Scalable manufacturing methodologies for improving adeno-associated virus-based pharmaprojects

Adeno-associated virus （AAV） is a promising viral vector and meets most requirements of being a safe biological agent. However, the commercialization of AAV has been hampered due to the limitation of large-scale production, and only a small number of clinical trials have been launched. In recent years, progresses in scalable manufacturing of AAV have dramatically improved AAV- based clinical researches, and have assisted the develop- ment of investigational drug products. An AAVl-based investigational product, Glybera, has been formally approved by European Commission for the treatment of lipoprotein lipase deficiency （LPLD）. Glybera was the first gene therapy product in the western world, and the pro- duction process involves a scalable baculovirus-insect cell system. However, many problems still need to be solved to improve the productivity and quality of AAV. The present review gives critical insights into current state-of-the-art scalable producing methodologies of AAV, such as bacu-lovirus-insect cell system, HSV complementation system, and Ad complementation system, along with a discussion on the problems, solutions, and developmental trends.Novel AAV-producing platforms in Saccharomyces cere- visiae and vaccinia virus complementation system will also be discussed.