HPLC法测定枸橼酸铋雷尼替丁及其片剂中雷尼替丁的含量

目的:建立HPLC测定枸橼酸铋雷尼替丁及其片剂中雷尼替丁含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为InertsilODS-3(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);磷酸盐缓冲液(取磷酸6.8 mL置1900 mL水中,加入50%氢氧化钠溶液8.6 mL,加水至2000 mL,用磷酸或50%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至7.10±0.05)–乙腈(98∶2)及磷酸盐缓冲液–乙腈(78∶22)分别为流动相A、B,梯度洗脱;流速为1.2 mL.min-1,检测波长为230 nm,柱温为35℃;外标法。结果:本方法在2.5～200.4μg.mL-1范围内线性良好(r=0.9998),定量限为5 ng(以雷尼替丁计)。结论:本方法简便、灵敏、专属性好、结果准确,适用于枸橼酸铋雷尼替丁及其片剂中雷尼替丁含量的测定。     

Two generation reproduction and teratogenicity studies of feeding cyadox in Wistar rats

To investigate the teratogenic potential and reproductive toxicity of cyadox, a growth promoting agent, Wistar rats (F₀) were fed with diets containing cyadox (0, 50, 150 and 2500 mg/kg) or olaquindox (150 mg/kg), approximately equivalent to cyadox 5, 15, 250 or olaquindox 15 mg/kg b.w./day across two generations. Half of the pregnant rats (F₀, F_1b) were subjected to caesarean section on gestational day 20 for teratogenic examination and the other half produced pups F_1a and F_2a, respectively. At the 250 mg/kg b.w./day cyadox group, body weights of F_1b pregnant rats and F_2a on day 21 after birth decreased; fetal body lengths and tail lengths decreased; the number of fetal resorptions increased significantly; litter weights, number of viable fetuses decreased; number of embryo resorptions increased significantly; number of liveborn F_1a, F_1b and F_2a decreased. No macroscopic or microscopic change of any significance was found in the reproductive organs. Significant increases in the incidence of cervial ribs or lumbar ribs in F_2a pups and significant increases of relative organ weight of testis and epididymis in F_1b were observed at the 250 mg/kg b.w./day cyadox group. The NOAEL for reproduction/development of cyadox for rats was estimated to be 150 mg/kg diet, which was equivalent to approximately 15 mg/kg b.w./day.     

PAMPA permeability, plasma protein binding, blood partition, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of formononetin, a methoxylated isoflavone

Formononetin (FMN) is a methoxylated isoflavone which is the major constituent in red clover and in commercially available extracts of this plant. In this study, we investigated the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) permeability, protein binding, blood uptake characteristics, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of FMN. The permeability study samples were analyzed by HPLC-PDA method; whereas the pharmacokinetic study, protein binding and whole blood partitioning samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS method. The PAMPA permeability of FMN was found to be high at pH 4.0 and 7.0. Plasma protein binding of FMN was found to be 93.61 ± 0.44% and 96.14 ± 0.15% at the tested concentration of 50 and 150 ng/mL, respectively. FMN reached equilibrium fast between red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma, and the partition coefficients between RBCs and plasma (K_RBC/PL) were independent of the initial rat blood concentrations of FMN. The bioavailability of unchanged/free FMN was found to be poor, i.e. approximately 3%. FMN was found to have a high clearance (5.13 L/h/kg) and a large apparent volume of distribution (14.16 L/kg). Circulating conjugates (glucuronides/sulfates) of FMN and daidzein (DZN) were quantified using enzymatic hydrolysis of plasma samples. The levels of isoflavone glucuronides/sulfates were found to be much greater than that of the corresponding aglycones.     

The antioxidant protection of CELLFOOD® against oxidative damage in vitro

CELLFOOD® (CF) is an innovative nutritional supplement containing 78 ionic/colloidal trace elements and minerals combined with 34 enzymes and 17 amino acids, all suspended in a solution of deuterium sulfate. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the antioxidant properties of CF in vitro in different model systems.Three pathophysiologically relevant oxidants were chosen to evaluate CF protection against oxidative stress: hydrogen peroxide, peroxyl radicals, and hypochlorous acid. Both biomolecules (GSH and plasmid DNA) and circulating cells (erythrocytes and lymphocytes) were used as targets of oxidation.CF protected, in a dose-dependent manner, both GSH and DNA from oxidation by preserving reduced GSH thiol groups and supercoiled DNA integrity, respectively. At the same time, CF protected erythrocytes from oxidative damage by reducing cell lysis and GSH intracellular depletion after exposure to the oxidant agents. In lymphocytes, CF reduced the intracellular oxidative stress induced by the three oxidants in a dose-dependent manner.The overall in vitro protection of biomolecules and cells against free radical attacks suggests that CF might be a valuable coadjuvant in the prevention and treatment of various physiological and pathological conditions related to oxidative stress, from aging to atherosclerosis, from neurodegeneration to cancer.     

补虚颗粒对乙酰苯肼和环磷酰胺致血虚小鼠的补血作用研究

目的 研究补虚颗粒对乙酰苯肼和环磷酰胺联用致血虚小鼠的影响.方法 用乙酰苯肼和环磷酰胺联合作用于小鼠,建立小鼠血虚症模型,观察补虚颗粒对小鼠外周血常规、胸腺指数和脾脏指数的影响.结果 补虚颗粒给药组小鼠的红细胞、白细胞、血红蛋白和血小板计数均高于模型组,胸腺指数和脾脏指数也有一定程度的提高.结论 补虚颗粒对化学物质致血虚小鼠具有生血、补血作用.     

微柱凝胶卡式法在交叉配血及不规则抗体检测中的应用

目的研究微柱凝胶卡式法在临床交叉配血及不规则抗体检测中的应用。方法采用微柱凝胶卡式法进行交叉配血,对配血结果呈特异性凝集的阳性标本进一步作不规则抗体检测,再选取不规则抗体相应抗原阴性的献血者与患者进行交叉配血。结果在1 051例配血标本中,交叉配血阳性结果有27例,在不规则抗体检测中检出抗-E 3例,抗-c 1例,抗-cE 1例,抗-M 1例,选取不规则抗体相应抗原阴性的献血者与患者进行交叉配血,配血成功。其余21例为非特异性抗体或自身抗体。结论微柱凝胶卡式法是交叉配血试验、不规则抗体筛查的最新方法,应该在临床大力推广使用。     

Pathology's historic 2019 incoming residents: Why “the internationalization of pathology” may markedly advance transfusion medicine and cellular therapeutics

ObjectivesThis study had two objectives: (1) to determine if, in the United States of America (US), the proportion of non-US citizen international medical graduates (non-US IMGs) entering pathology residencies had increased (again) in 2019 and (2) to assess how this multi-year trend might impact transfusion medicine in the US.MethodsThe most recent (2019) “National Resident Matching Program” (NRMP) data were analyzed. To assess potential future impact, using controversies related to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria, conflicting US and non-US perspectives were reviewed. Differences between published US and non-US views were identified regarding, for example, the value of Pf-resistant (“variant”) red blood cells (RBCs) and exchange transfusions.ResultsYear 2019 is the first year non-US IMGs were the largest group to fill residency-training positions for a major US specialty via the “Main Residency Match.” Also notable, US and non-US views were found to differ markedly regarding (1) the value and safety of Pf-resistant RBC variants and exchange transfusions, and (2) the threat of drug-resistant Pf-malaria parasites. Non-US clinicians and researchers seem more concerned about Pf-malaria, and their interest in cellular therapies seems greater and more optimistic.ConclusionsIn 2019, the historically high proportion of non-US IMGs among incoming pathology residents dramatically highlights the steady demographic shift that began years ago: “the internationalization of pathology” in the US. Fortunately, a review of publications related to exchange transfusion, Pf-malaria, and variant RBCs suggests non-US IMGs may markedly promote and advance cell therapies such as therapeutically-rational exchange (T-REX) of disease-resistant RBCs.     

丙酮酸盐对红细胞的影响机制及在体外循环中的应用前景

背景 体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)转机过程对患者红细胞的损伤是临床常见的病理过程.大量动物文献报道表明,丙酮酸盐能通过多个途径保护和恢复器官/细胞的功能,现就丙酬酸盐对红细胞的影响机制及在CPB中的应用前景作一综述; 目的 阐述丙酮酸盐对红细胞的影响机制,展望丙酮酸盐在CPB中的应用...