Toxicology of 3-epi-deoxynivalenol,a deoxynivalenol-transformation product by Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8

Microbial detoxification of deoxynivalenol (DON) represents a new approach to treating DON-contaminated grains. A bacterium Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8 was capable of completely transforming DON into a major product 3-epi-DON and a minor product 3-keto-DON. Evaluation of toxicities of these DON-transformation products is an important part of hazard characterization prior to commercialization of the biotransformation application. Cytotoxicities of the products were demonstrated by two assays: a MTT bioassay assessing cell viability and a BrdU assay assessing DNA synthesis. Compared with DON, the IC₅₀ values of 3-epi-DON and 3-keto-DON were respectively 357 and 3.03 times higher in the MTT bioassay, and were respectively 1181 and 4.54 times higher in the BrdU bioassay. Toxicological effects of 14-day oral exposure of the B6C3F₁ mouse to DON and 3-epi-DON were also investigated. Overall, there were no differences between the control (free of toxin) and the 25 mg/kg bw/day or 100 mg/kg bw/day 3-epi-DON treatments in body and organ weights, hematology and organ histopathology. However, in mice exposed to DON (2 mg/kg bw/day), white blood cell numbers and serum immunoglobulin levels were altered relative to controls, and lesions were observed in adrenals, thymus, stomach, spleen and colon. Taken together, in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that 3-epi-DON is substantially less toxic than DON.     

ConA对红细胞膜力学性质的影响

本文研究了伴刀豆蛋白ＣｏｎＡ（Ｃｏｎｃａｎａｖａｌｉｎ　Ａ）以受体配体的作用方 式对红细胞膜力学性质的影响，结果显示出：（１）经ＣｏｎＡ处理后的血影红细胞膜 （ｒｅｓｅａｌ ｇｏａｓｔ）蛋白构象发生改变，蛋白运动性下降；（２）红细胞变形恢复半时间缩 短．表明ＣｏｎＡ作用后的红细胞膜切变弹性模量可能增大；（３）红细胞机械脆性随 ＣｏｎＡ浓度呈上升趋势，说明膜稳定性受到影响；（４）红细咆膜脂流动性下降．     

Ameliorative effect of myo-inositol on red blood cell alterations in polycystic ovary syndrome: in vitro study

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)is a gynecological endocrine disorder which is associated with systemic inflammatory status inducing red blood cells (RBC) membrane alterations related to insulin resistance and testosterone levels which could be greatly improved by myo-inositol (MYO) uptake. In this study we aim to evaluate the effect of MYO in reducing oxidative-related alterations through in vitro study on PCOS RBC. Blood samples from two groups of volunteers, control group (CG, n?=?12) and PCOS patient group (PG, n?=?12), were analyzed for band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr-P), high molecular weight aggregate (HMWA), IgG in RBC membranes, and glutathione (GSH) in cytosol, following O/N incubation in the presence or absence of MYO. PCOS RBC underwent oxidative stress as indicated by higher band 3 Tyr-P and HMWA and increased membrane bound autologous IgG. Twenty four hours (but not shorter time) MYO incubation, significantly improved both Tyr-P level and HMWA formation and concomitant membrane IgG binding. However, no relevant modification of GSH content was detected. PCOS RBC membranes are characterized by increased oxidized level and enhanced sensitivity to oxidative injuries leading to potential premature RBC removal. MYO treatment is effective in reducing oxidative related abnormalities in PCOS patients probably restoring the inositol phospholipid pools of the membranes.     

Anemia,red blood cell transfusions,and necrotizing enterocolitis

In the past 15 years, multiple clinical studies have identified a temporal association between red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). With some variability, most of these studies indicate that up to one-third of all cases of NEC involving very low-birth weight infants may occur within 24–48 h after receiving a RBC transfusion. There is also evidence that the risk of such transfusion-associated NEC may be higher in infants transfused with the greatest severity of anemia. In this article, we summarize the clinical evidence pertaining to these issues; specifically, the contribution of RBC transfusions, and the contribution of severity of underlying anemia, to the pathogenesis of a type of NEC potentially termed, “transfusion/anemia-associated NEC.”     

正形红细胞在肾性血尿中的评价

目的 为了正确地应用及评价红细胞位相对血尿定位的标准，认识正形红细胞的诊断意义。方法 对674例肾活检诊断为各类 肾小球疾病的尿红细胞形态作对比分析，结果 其中有58例表现为正形红细胞，占8.6%，说明了即使红细胞形态正常，也不能排除肾小球疾病。结论 在肾小球疾病中，正形红细胞的形成是多因素的，我们应该客观地结合临床来评价检测方法和结果。