陇东野生紫花苜蓿的遗传特异性分析

为初步判定陇东野生紫花苜蓿(Native Medicago sativa L. cv. Longdong)的遗传特异性,及与其他苜蓿材料的亲缘关系,借助垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对包括该材料在内的41个紫花苜蓿材料进行POD同工酶酶谱特征分析。结果表明:供试材料共出现22条酶带,最多9条,最少5条;陇东野生紫花苜蓿出现6条酶带,其特征谱带为Rf0.26;将0,1二态性矩阵转化为遗传距离矩阵进行聚类,陇东野生紫花苜蓿单独聚为一类。聚类分析的结果表明,陇东野生紫花苜蓿与其他40个材料存在较大的遗传差异,为其在形态学上与其他苜蓿的差异提供了有利支持。     

Soybean (Glycine max) Extracts Impact on Plant and Soil Biology

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the phytotoxic effect of aqueous extract from fresh and oven-dried leaves and roots of soybean plants on maize growth and on rhizosphere soil. The extract prepared from fresh leaves of drought-stressed soybean plants significantly increased the accumulation of proline, soluble sugar, and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content of maize-treated plants. Increase in antioxidant activity like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and endogenous ABA was recorded in treated plants. The soybean leaf extracts prepared from drought-stressed plants significantly decreased the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of maize cultivated soil. The soybean drought-stressed leaf extracts prepared plants were found more effective in modulating the physiology of maize, indicating the higher allelopathic potential of soybean.     

Copper and zinc uptake by celery plants grown on acidic soil amended with biosolids

For trace elements, such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), the bioavailability of these elements, Cu and Zn, in biosolids is important because both are essential elements and both are potential contaminants when biosolids are land applied. A greenhouse study was conducted in factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications on a soil treated with four rates of Cu (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) and four rates of Zn (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg) on celery plants to investigate the distribution and mobility of these elements as well as growth and antioxidant changes of celery. The results of antioxidant changes were inconclusive due to irregular changes with Zn and Cu applications. However, generally the results show that Cu did not affect superoxide dismutase (SOD) or peroxidase (POD) activities in most of the treatments. On the other hand, Zn stimulated SOD and POD activities in most of the treatments. The photosynthesis rate decreased with the applications of Cu and Zn at the rates above 100 and 300 mg/kg and increased in low Cu concentration (50 mg/kg) compared to S (soil without biosolid).     

SO2对玉米幼苗POD、Pro和MDA的影响

本文采用室内水培及密闭箱静态熏气方法,研究了4个不同浓度（0mg/m3,10mg/m3,30mg/m3和90mg/m3）SO2对晋单51和农大108两个品种玉米幼苗过氧化物酶（POD）、脯氨酸（Pro）和丙二醛（MDA）的影响。研究结果表明,随着SO2浓度的升高,两种玉米幼苗的POD活性呈下降的趋势,且当SO2浓度为10mg/m3、30mg/m3和90mg/m3时POD活性分别降至对照的22.6%、18.9%和12.1%;而结果发现Pro含量随SO2浓度升高逐渐升高,且当SO2浓度与POD处理相同时脯氨酸含量分别上升至对照的195.0%、235.4%和496.5%,SO2浓度为90mg/m3时Pro含量最高,且不同浓度处理时农大108Pro含量均比晋单51高;然而,MDA含量随SO2浓度的升高呈先降低后逐渐升高的趋势,在90mg/m3处升至最高值为对照的310.6%,仍然是农大108MDA含量比晋单51高。因此研究显示低浓度SO2能使玉米幼苗适应胁迫,但高浓度SO2暴露会影响植物生长发育。     

海藻酸钠涂膜对冷藏‘扁核酸’大枣呼吸生理和氧化酶活性的影响

以‘扁核酸’大枣品种为材料,以不同浓度海藻酸钠对枣果涂膜,5℃冷藏,研究海藻酸钠对冷藏大枣呼吸作用和氧化酶活性的影响,为海藻酸钠在大枣冷藏上的应用提供理论依据。结果表明,冷藏期内,海藻酸钠涂膜处理可显著降低枣果的乙烯释放速率和呼吸强度,抑制枣果呼吸高峰的出现,其中以2.0%、3.0%、4.0%海藻酸钠处理效果更为显著;海藻酸钠涂膜处理还可显著提高枣果SOD、POD和CAT酶活性,其中以2.0%、3.0%海藻酸钠涂膜处理效果更为显著。综上所述,海藻酸钠涂膜处理能够提高枣果保鲜效果,以2.0%涂膜处理效果更好。     

铅铬胁迫对小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响

为探讨铅铬胁迫对小麦的毒害机理,以‘豫麦23’为供试材料,用不同浓度的铅铬处理小麦,研究铅铬单一及复合污染胁迫对小麦过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,铅铬胁迫对小麦苗的CAT、POD和SOD具有激活效应,铅铬复合胁迫对小麦苗的CAT影响较大,而铅铬单一胁迫下小麦苗的POD和SOD变化较大。铅铬胁迫对小麦苗的MDA具有抑制效应,铅铬复合胁迫对小麦苗的MDA影响较大,铅铬单一胁迫对小麦苗的MDA影响不明显。说明小麦幼苗中抗氧化酶在铅铬胁迫下对小麦幼苗起到了保护作用,但小麦幼苗对铅铬单一及复合污染胁迫的抗性机理是完全不同的;小麦苗对铅铬胁迫的响应不仅与胁迫的重金属种类有关,而且与胁迫的重金属的质量浓度以及胁迫时间有关。     

外源信号物质对肉苁蓉种子萌发与吸器形成POD、CAT活性及ROS含量的影响

利用外源信号物质氟草敏(norflurazon)和2,6-二甲氧基对苯醌(2,6-DMBQ)分别诱导肉苁蓉种子萌发与吸器形成,研究它们在此过程中对过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及活性氧(ROS)含量的影响。结果表明：在诱导肉苁蓉种子萌发时,经norflurazon处理0~168 h后,种子中POD和CAT活性呈现显著升高的变化趋势,种子中ROS含量显著升高。在诱导肉苁蓉种子萌发体吸器形成时,经2,6-DMBQ处理0~72 h后,肉苁蓉种子萌发体中POD和CAT活性呈现显著升高的变化趋势,萌发体中ROS含量显著升高。表明在诱导肉苁蓉种子萌发与吸器形成过程中,外源信号物质norflurazon和2,6-DMBQ能影响POD、CAT活性及ROS含量的变化。

     

Overproduction of reactive oxygen species involved in the pathogenicity of Fusarium in potato tubers

Differences in virulence between Fusarium sulphureum and Fusarium sambucinum were compared. Changes in reactive oxygen species production and metabolism in inoculated slices of potato tubers were also compared. The result showed that Fusarium infection induced significant production of ROS, lipid peroxidation and loss of cell membrane integrity, but low activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Compared to F. sambucinum, F. sulphureum led larger lesion diameters on potato tubers and slices. It resulted in more superoxide anion ($O_2^{-}$) and earlier peak of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), but lower activity of catalase (CAT) and APX, and accompanied with higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lower cell membrane integrity. These findings suggested that overproduction of ROS involved in the pathogenicity of Fusarium in potato tubers.     

不同甜菜纸筒苗抗旱性生理指标的差异试验初报

为了研究不同处理的纸筒苗的抗旱性差异,提高甜菜纸筒育苗水平,选取不同处理的纸筒苗,在相同时间干旱处理后,测定叶片中电导率、过氧化物酶(POD)、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量。研究表明,强壮的纸筒苗在相同时间的缺水条件下,比弱苗具有较低的电导率、POD活性和可溶性糖含量,较高的可溶性蛋白含量。同时壮秧剂的使用也提高了纸筒苗的可溶性蛋白含量,明显降低了叶片的电导率和可溶性糖的含量,对于提高纸筒苗的抗性有明显作用。试验结果表明电导率、过氧化物酶、可溶性糖可以作为纸筒苗的抗旱性鉴定的生理指标。     

不同居群马蔺种质材料同工酶酶谱特征分析

采用非连续性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对我国北方5省区不同居群的23份马蔺(Iris lactea var.chinensis(Fisch.)Koidz.)种质材料进行过氧化物酶(POD)和酯酶(EST)同工酶酶谱特征分析,旨在揭示其遗传多样性,以及不同居群马蔺种质之间的亲缘关系。结果表明:在相对迁移率(Rf)为0.041～0.875的位点处,共有40个位点检测出谱带,其中共有谱带8条,特征谱带15条,说明不同居群间马蔺种质间存在一定同源性,部分居群的马蔺种质会发生遗传变异。来自内蒙临河8号(BJCY-ML013)和吉林长岭19号(BJCY-ML028)之间遗传相似系数最小(0.3726),亲缘关系较远;而新疆伊犁的14,17号和13,18号(BJCY-ML022,BJCY-ML026和BJCY-ML021,BJCY-ML027)之间遗传相似系数均最大(0.9839),亲缘关系较近,其他材料间的相似性系数为0.4049～0.9678。UPG-MA聚类分析结果表明,当相似性系数为0.79时,可将23份野生马蔺种质材料划分为5大类群,分布于相似生态地理环境的马蔺种质材料基本可聚为同一大类,表明23份马蔺种质材料与其分布的生态地理环境存在一定的相关性,但不完全一致。