土壤干旱对冬小麦功能叶过氧化物酶同工酶及抗旱性的影响

以６个抗旱性不同的冬小麦品种为试验材料，研究了土壤干旱对拨节期冬小麦功能叶片过氧化物酶同工酶、生物产量及某些经济性状的影响。结果表明：一定程度的土壤干旱可导致小麦功能叶片过氧化物酶同工酶发生相应的变化，抗旱性不同的小麦品种其同工酶酶谱不同，其酶谱变化与抗旱性间存在着一定的相关性。     

Effects of Ammonium Nitrate and Monosodium Glutamate in Waste Water on the Growth,Antioxidant Activity,and Nitrogen Assimilation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

It has been hypothesized that the uptake of organic as opposed to inorganic nitrogen compounds found in wastewater can be properly substituted for plant nutrients. The objective of this study was to compare effects of applying monosodium glutamate wastewater (MGW) and ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) (AN) on nitrogen metabolism and growth of lettuce. The results showed that while NH₄NO₃ (AN), NO₃^-, nitrite content and NR activity increased the protein content of lettuce. Applying MGW with a high concentration of 17 amino acids and macro- and microelements improved the fresh weights of shoot and root as well as the protein content of lettuce. Antioxidant activities were not affected by AN and MGW, and their interaction effects only increased POD after 8 weeks. In conclusion, substituting a portion of the chemical fertilizers with MGW improved lettuce growth, but did not increase NO₃^- accumulation in leaves.     

3个菠萝品种在低温胁迫下的生理反应

为了研究菠萝的抗寒机制，利用人工气候室，以20℃处理为对照，研究了巴厘、台农17号、澳大利亚卡因3个菠萝品种在15℃、10℃、5℃低温胁迫下3天后叶片可溶性糖、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、抗坏血酸(ASA)含量的变化，并调查了植株冻害等级。试验结果表明：低温诱导菠萝体内产生更多的可溶性糖；在低温胁迫下过氧化物酶（POD）活性升高，过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性降低，抗坏血酸(ASA)含量减少；巴厘、台农17号寒害级别为一级，澳大利亚卡因为二级。应采用综合指标鉴定菠萝的耐寒性。     

2个多年生花生品种低温胁迫下活性氧代谢特性研究

不同低温胁迫下对平托花生Arachis pintoi与蔓花生A.duranensis2个多年生花生品种进行的叶片活性氧代谢与质膜特性进行研究。结果表明,A.duranensis品种无论在超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)还是过氧化氢酶(CAT)相对活性在低温胁迫下均不低于或显著高于A.pintoi,表现出相对较高的清除自由基能力;其质膜相对透性(RPP)增加幅度明显小于A.pintoi;丙二醛(MDA)相对含量增加率则表现出相反趋势;表明A.duranensis具有更强的抗寒性。     

铅胁迫对草木樨抗氧化系统的影响

用盆栽法研究了重金属铅胁迫对草木樨Melilotus suavena中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,丙二醛(MDA)和体内铅含量的影响。结果表明:在0~1 500 mg/kg铅浓度梯度处理范围内,SOD、POD、CAT活性和MDA含量随铅处理浓度增加而上升。植株体内各器官的铅含量随外源铅处理浓度的增加而上升,根系铅含量与铅处理浓度呈正相关(R2=0.972**)。草木樨在29.942 g/kg的土壤铅浓度下仍能正常生长,体内最大铅积累量达654.93 mg/kg。根部铅的含量大于地上部总的含量,茎中的含量高于叶的含量。     

马蔺不同生长阶段嫩叶POD和EST同工酶分析

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,检测了11份不同居群马蔺种质材料叶片过氧化物酶（POD）、酯酶（EST）同工酶的2个酶系统22个同工酶位点,分析马蔺营养生长和生殖生长阶段的同工酶变化。结果表明,11份马蔺种质叶片共有13种POD酶带,9种EST酶带,其中,基本谱带8条,特征谱带4条;与生殖生长阶段相比较,马蔺营养生长阶段E...     

干旱胁迫及复水处理对白羊草抗旱生理特性的影响

以白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)为材料,采用盆栽试验设计,在干旱胁迫和复水后,研究了其栽培种和野生种叶片相对含水量(RWC)、细胞外渗率、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)等抗性指标的变化,探讨白羊草在干旱胁迫和复水后的生理生化特征.结果表明,随干旱胁迫时间的延长,...     

Differential response of zucchini varieties to low storage temperature

Several parameters related to cold damage in zucchini have been measured in fruits from different varieties cultivated in the province of Almería (south-eastern Spain). The purpose of this work is to correlate physiological parameters with commercial quality and chilling damage, in order to establish reliable criteria for selecting varieties having better genetic adaptation to low-temperature storage. The results show that, for varieties harvested during February, the variety Natura was the best adapted to storage at 4 °C, as its fruits suffered less from chilling injuries, had a lower weight loss, and the levels of metabolites malonyldialdehyde and H₂O₂ were not as high as in the other varieties. Genetic variation was detected for some of the parameters analysed. The positive correlation among the levels of MDA, H₂O_2, and chilling injury, as well as the negative correlation among catalase and chilling injury, makes these parameters good indicators of chilling damage in our system.     

黄顶菊水提液对玉米幼苗株高及叶片生理生化指标的影响

以黄顶菊新鲜植株为材料,用蒸馏水浸提活性物质,得到0.1、0.05和0.01g/mL三种不同干物质含量的黄顶菊水提液.以蒸馏水为对照,利用不同含量的黄顶菊水提液处理无土栽培的玉米幼苗,每4d测定幼苗叶片中MDA(丙二醛)、POD(过氧化物酶)、SOD(超氧化歧化酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)和CHL(叶绿素)含量.结果表明,黄顶菊水提液处理对玉米幼苗株高产生了明显的抑制作用,且每个处理与对照相比差异达显著水平(P＜0.05).黄顶菊水提液中含量越高,抑制作用越显著.幼苗叶片中MDA含量、POD、SOD、CAT活性均高于对照,而CHL含量低于对照.研究还发现,不同含量处理和不同处理时间对玉米幼苗MDA含量、抗氧化酶和CHL含量的影响之间存在极显著的交互作用.结果预示黄顶菊水提液能够抑制幼苗生长,含量越大,作用效果越明显,可为进一步研究黄顶菊总体化感提供参考.     

高温处理对结果期草莓叶片衰老特征的影响

以‘日本丰香’(Fragaria ananassa Duch.cv Toyonaka)草莓品种为试材,于2010-12-2011-02在人工气候箱进行环境控制试验,以25℃为对照,设30、32、34、36、38℃共5个高温处理,分别在处理1、3、5d后,测定与叶片衰老特征密切相关的生理指标,包括叶片中超氧化岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素含量.结果表明,在30 ～ 38℃范围内,随着温度升高及处理时间的延长,草莓叶片中MDA含量呈持续增加趋势;经30 ～ 34℃高温处理后,可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD、POD、CAT酶活性值均高于对照,其中SOD、POD酶活性在34℃处理3d后达到最高,可溶性蛋白质含量、CAT酶活性在34℃处理5d后达到最高.36℃及38℃高温处理后,可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD、POD、CAT酶活性明显低于对照(P＜0.05);高温处理中叶片的叶绿素a、b和类胡萝卜素含量均低于对照,而且随着高温时间的延长,草莓叶片叶绿素a、b及类胡萝卜素含量都呈持续下降趋势.表明高温胁迫降低了草莓叶片保护酶活性,导致体内活性氧大量积累,抗氧化能力降低,加速了草莓叶片的衰老,研究结果为设施草莓高温气象灾害的防御提供了依据.