冠心病血瘀证基因组学研究进展＊

目的 系统综述冠心病血瘀证基因组学研究的方法和内容。方法 计算机检索Medline、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、中国知网、万方数据库，查找冠心病血瘀证基因组学的临床研究，按照制定的纳入排除标准，由2名研究人员独立筛选文献，任何分歧通过协商一致或通过第3名研究人员来解决。结果 最终纳入34项研究，其中与冠心病血瘀证密切相关的基因组学研究类型包括基因多态性、差异基因的表达、基因的甲基化修饰，涉及的生物学功能有血管内皮损伤、血液流变学改变、炎症反应与免疫调节、血管平滑肌增殖、血脂水平等，采用的技术方法有聚合酶链式反应（Polymerase chain reaction，PCR）、飞行时间质谱技术（Time-of-flight mass spectrometry，TOF-MS）、基因芯片杂交测序（Gene Chip）等。结论 基因组学研究可阐明冠心病血瘀证的生物学基础，为冠心病血瘀证的病机演变提供更好的依据，更有助于从分子水平实现个体化治疗，从而进一步提高临床疗效。     

瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤对老年冠心病患者的临床观察

目的:探究瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤对老年冠心病患者血脂及NT-proBNP、hs-CRP、Fib水平影响。方法:选取2014年4月至2018年4月西藏民族大学附属医院收治的老年冠心病患者78例作为研究对象,根据就诊顺序编号,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组39例。对照组常规西医治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤治疗,同时治疗4周。观察2组治疗前、完成治疗后血脂、NT-pro BNP、hs-CRP、Fib、WBC、HCY、血流流变学、心脏功能水平变化并比较;完成治疗后进行疗效评价。结果:观察组患者治疗后TC、TG、HDL-C、NT-proBNP、hs-CRP、Fib、WBC、HCY、全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数下降较对照组患者幅度更低,LDL-C、EDD、NEDD、LVEF、LVPFR上升幅度及治疗后临床总有效率较对照组更高(P<0.05)。结论:瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤能降低老年冠心病患者血脂水平,抑制炎性反应,改善冠状动脉血循环,从而提高疗效,改善心功能。     

天麻钩藤汤加减治疗肝阳上亢型原发性高血压疗效观察及对神经递质节律的影响

目的:观察天麻钩藤汤加减治疗原发性高血压肝阳上亢型患者的临床治疗效果及对神经递质节律影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年1月郑州市第六人民医院收治的原发性高血压肝阳上亢型患者100例作为研究对象,将达到病例选择范围的93例患者按照治疗药物不同分为对照组(n=44)和观察组(n=49)。对照组采取西药基础治疗,观察组采用西药基础治疗+天麻钩藤汤加减治疗。疗程结束后,观察2组血压水平、神经递质节律、中医症状积分。结果:1)观察组晨起平均收缩压、24 h平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、晨起平均舒张压、夜间平均舒张压、24 h平均舒张压明显低于对照组(P<0.05);2)观察组神经肽Y、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、血管加压素、强啡肽-A显著低于对照组(P<0.05),P物质、脑源性神经营养因子显著高于对照组(P<0.05);3)观察组甘氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸显著低于对照组(P<0.05),天冬氨酸、谷氨酸显著高于对照组(P<0.05);4)观察组治疗后中医症状总积分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:针对原发性高血压肝阳上亢型患者,在西药治疗基础上,增加天麻钩藤汤加减治疗,能够有效促进患者神经递质节律的恢复,调节血压,同时对降低中医症状积分,值得临床推广应用。     

玉液汤对2型糖尿病肥胖患者肠道菌群及脂质代谢的影响

目的：探讨玉液汤对2型糖尿病肥胖患者肠道菌群及脂质代谢影响。方法：选取2017年2月至2019年2月广州市中医医院收治的2型糖尿病肥胖患者106例作为研究对象，按照就诊顺序分为对照组和观察组，每组53例。2组均给予基础治疗+药物治疗，观察组再加用玉液汤治疗。观察2组治疗前、完成治疗后肠道菌群、脂质代谢、中医症状积分、血糖相关指标、体质量、腰围、体质量指数(BMI)变化并比较。结果：2组治疗前各指标比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），完成治疗后观察组患者的中医症状积分、FINS、HOMA-IR、HbAlc、BMI、腰围、体质量、TC、TG、LDL-C、肠杆菌、酵母菌、肠球菌、畏寒肢冷、腰膝酸软、脘腹2组患者治疗后HDL-C、双岐杆菌、乳杆菌、拟杆菌均较治疗后明显上升，且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：玉液汤能改善2型糖尿病肥胖患者脂质代谢和临床症状，降低血糖，能调节肠道菌群紊乱，从而提高疗效。     

Primary vaccination in adult patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – A single center retrospective efficacy analysis

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) results in a loss of humoral immunity and subsequent risk for severe infections. Thus, re-vaccination is required but may fail due to incomplete immune reconstitution. We retrospectively analyzed predictors of immune response to primary vaccination applied according to the EBMT (European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group) recommendations. Serologic response to vaccination against diphtheria (D), tetanus (T), Bordetella pertussis (aP) and Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) (administrated as combined DTaP-Hib-IPV vaccination) was studied in 84 alloHSCT patients transplanted between 2008 and 2015 (age at alloHSCT: 18.6–70.6 years). All patients with a relapse-free survival of ≥9 months, at least 3 consecutive vaccinations and absence of intravenous immunoglobulin administration within 3 months before and after vaccination met the primary inclusion criteria. Additionally, immunological response to a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was analyzed in a subgroup of 67 patients. Patients’ characteristics at the time of first vaccination were recorded. Responses were measured as vaccine-specific antibody titers. Regarding DTaP-Hib-IPV vaccination, 89.3% (n = 75) of all patients achieved protective titers to at least 3 of the 4 vaccine components and were thus considered responders. 10.7% (n = 9) of the patients were classified as non-responders with positive immune response to less than 3 components. Highest response was observed for Hib (97.4%), tetanus (95.2%) and pneumococcal vaccination (83.6%) while only 68.3% responded to vaccination against Bordetella pertussis. Significant risk factors for failure of vaccination response included low B cell counts (p < 0.001; cut-off: 0.05 B cells/nl) and low IgG levels (p = 0.026; mean IgG of responders 816 mg/dl vs. 475 mg/dl of non-responders). Further, a trend was observed that prior cGvHD impairs vaccination response as 88.9% of the non-responders but only 54.7% of the responders had prior cGvHD (p = 0.073). The results demonstrate, that the currently proposed vaccination strategy leads to seroprotection in the majority of alloHSCT patients.     

Mechanisms of hypoxaemia and the interpretation of arterial blood gases

While there are many causes for hypoxia, an appreciation of the underlying physiology will assist in the correct diagnosis and management of this condition. This article describes the normal delivery of oxygen to the tissues, conceptual mechanisms of hypoxia and the clinical relevance of these pathological processes. Interpreting arterial blood gases (ABGs) is an essential part of managing sick patients and a logical method of reading ABGs is presented, alongside examples of deranged ABGs and the conditions causing these changes.     

基于一项“多中心、随机对照、双盲”的临床研究探讨影响肾功能进展的因素＊

目的 基于一项前瞻性、多中心、随机、安慰剂对照、双盲的临床试验结果，探索影响肾功能进展的因素。方法 选择343例慢性肾脏病3期的患者，将入组的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组给予中药颗粒剂口服，对照组给予安慰剂口服。两组患者均给予基础治疗，疗程24周。评估两组患者肾功能变化情况。治疗结束后，根据患者肾功能情况，以CKD3期为界限，将病情好转者定为A组，该组患者血肌酐下降至CKD2期或CKD1期；病情恶化者为B组，该组患者血肌酐上升至CKD4期或CKD5期；病情稳定者为C组，该组患者血肌酐稳定，仍处于CKD3期，分析各组患者指标的差异。结果 经过24周观察，比较两组患者的血肌酐（Scr）水平，治疗组130.78 ± 32.55 μmol·L^-1，对照组149.12 ± 41.27 μmol·L^-1，两组比较，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。eGFR水平比较，治疗组55.74 ± 50.82 mL/min/1.73 m²，对照组44.46 ± 12.60 mL/min/1.73 m²，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。研究结束后，A组患者血尿酸水平明显低于B组和C组的患者，A组患者血红蛋白水平明显高于B组和C组的患者，A组患者的血磷水平明显低于B组和C组的患者。结论 中药颗粒剂在24周内可以明显改善肾功能，患者的血尿酸水平、血红蛋白及血磷水平对肾功能有一定的影响。     

梅毒螺旋体血行播散机制的研究进展

【摘要】 梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体进入循环系统进行血行播散导致的多系统损害，但目前其全身播散的具体机制尚未完全明确。基于国内外的研究进展，本文从梅毒螺旋体黏附与细胞外基质降解、细胞间连接和细胞骨架系统破坏、血管生成、炎症细胞浸润等多方面探讨梅毒螺旋体血行播散的机制，为进一步研究提供理论基础。     

Ischemic stroke in Morocco: Prehospital delay and associated factors

ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate prehospital delay and to identify the factors associated with the late arrival of patients with ischemic stroke at the Souss Massa Regional Hospital Center in Morocco.Patients and methodsAn observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to September 2019 in the Souss Massa regional hospital center, which is a public hospital structure. A questionnaire was administered to patients with ischemic stroke and to bystanders (family or others), while clinical and paraclinical data were collected from medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with delayed arrival at emergency department.ResultsA total of 197 patients and 197 bystanders who fulfilled the criteria for the study were included. The median time from symptom onset to hospital arrival was 6 hours (IQR, 4–16). Multiple regression analysis showed that illiteracy (OR 38.58; CI_95%: 3.40–437.27), waiting for symptoms to disappear (patient behavior) (OR 11.24; CI_95%: 1.57–80.45), deciding to go directly to the hospital (patient behavior) (OR 0.07; CI_95%: 0.01–0.57), bystander's knowledge that stroke is a disease requiring urgent care within a limited therapeutic window (OR 0.005; CI_95%: 0.00–0.36), and direct admission without reference (OR 0.005; CI_95%: 0.00–0.07), were independently associated with late arrival (> 4.5 hours) of patients with acute ischemic stroke. In addition, illiteracy (OR 24.62; CI_95%: 4.37–138.69), vertigo and disturbance of balance or coordination (OR 0.14; CI_95%: 0.03–0.73), the relative's knowledge that stroke is a disease requiring urgent care and within a limited therapeutic window (OR 0.03; CI_95%: 0.00–0.22), calling for an ambulance (relative's behavior) (OR 0.16; CI_95%: 0.03–0.80), distance between 50 and 100 km (OR 10.16; CI_95%: 1.16–89.33), and direct admission without reference (OR 0.03; CI_95%: 0.00–0.14), were independently associated with late arrival (> 6 hours) of patients with acute ischemic stroke.ConclusionPatient behavior, bystander knowledge and direct admission to the competent hospital for stroke care are modifiable factors potentially useful for reducing onset-to-door time, and thereby increasing the implementation rates of acute stroke therapies.     

桃红四物汤化裁治疗稳定型心绞痛合并心力衰竭临床研究

目的:研究桃红四物汤化裁治疗稳定型心绞痛(SAP)合并心衰患者的临床疗效。方法:选取104例SAP合并慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者纳入研究,入选患者以简单随机法均分为西药组与桃红组,西药组给予常规单纯西药治疗,桃红组在西药组治疗的基础上加用中药桃红四物汤化裁治疗;治疗6个月后评估两组临床疗效,观察两组患者心功能、血液流变学(血流变)、血清学、血脂指标的变化情况。结果:桃红组总有效49例(94.23%),西药组为40例(76.92%),桃红组总有效率明显高于西药组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后血脂指标TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C,心功能指标LVEF、LVESV、LVEDV,血流变指标WBV、PV、FIB,血清学指标NT-proBNP、hs-CRP、VEGF、MMP-9均可见改善,同时桃红组均较西药组良好,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:桃红四物汤化裁治疗能够提高稳定型心绞痛合并心衰的临床疗效,进一步改善患者的心功能、血液流变学指标,降低患者血脂水平,减轻炎性应激反应,对于延缓心衰进程具有积极作用。