Effect of plant density in coupled aquaponics on the welfare status of African catfish,Clarias gariepinus

We investigated the effects of plant density on the welfare of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in coupled aquaponics over 85 days. The moderate density (mpd) of basil, Ocimum basilicum, was compared with the high density (hpd) and control (n = 0). The behavior was analyzed by visual and video observations, and after the application of induced stressors, skin injuries, blood glucose, lactate, and plasma cortisol responses were considered. The hpd fish showed the least activity (control: visual 77.8%, video 81.6%; mpd: 74.6%, 82.6%; hpd: 63.2% [p < 0.05], 78.8%). High agonistic behavior (control: 5, 131; mpd: 4, 57; hpd: 1, 45) and the highest number of injuries (control: 3.9; mpd: 2.9; hpd: 3.4) were observed in the control. Glucose and lactate levels did not differ significantly (control: 5.5, 2.6 mmol/L; mpd: 5.6, 2.7 mmol/L; hpd: 5.3, 2.6 mmol/L); however, cortisol levels did (control: 18.8 ng/mL, mpd: 19.9 ng/mL, hpd: 25.8 ng/mL). pH adjustment led to additional stress, resulting in temporal cortisol alterations. While in the control and mpd, low cortisol levels were followed by acute responses and downregulation, the hpd fish showed prior elevation and lagged an acute response. However, comparing injuries and behavioral patterns with control, aquaponics with high basil density influenced African catfish positively.     

基于GM(1,1)的天然次生林空间结构预测

【目的】系统地分析已有天然次生林林分空间结构数据,通过灰色模型预测天然次生林林分空间结构各指标未来的发展趋势,对天然林经营具有十分重要的意义。【方法】以湖南大围山自然保护区典型次生林为研究对象,依据结构化森林经营理论,选取了混交度、竞争指数、角尺度、空间密度指数、开阔比数、大小比数、林分综合均质性指数作为天然次生林林分空间结构合理性评价与预测的量化指标,构建了基于GM(1,1)的天然次生林林分空间结构灰色预测模型。模型将2008年林分空间结构各指标的平均值作为初始值,并在研究区设置了面积为20 m×20 m的5个研究样地(M1,M2,M3,M4,M5),利用保护区2008-2018年典型样地林分空间信息,预测了研究区调研样地2019年-2021年林分空间结构各指标未来的变化趋势。【结果】利用精度检验机制对该模型的精确度进行了有效性检验,检验结果表明,所有指标预测合格概率P合=71.43%,良好的概率P良好=22.86%,优的概率P优=5.71%,表明该预测模型符合精度检验要求。【结论】样地未来3 a各指标整体变化尺度不大,林分空间结构基本稳定。从各指标在2008-2018年时空上的变化规律来看,各样地林分平均竞争指数、平均大小比数及平均空间密度指数是影响林分均质性指数的关键指标。     

A genetic linkage map in southern‐by‐spring oat identifies multiple quantitative trait loci for adaptation and rust resistance

We developed 178 recombinant inbred lines from a southern‐by‐spring oat population designated as “TxH.” These lines were genotyped to generate a high‐quality linkage map that resolved 6,902 markers into 21 linkage groups that matched closely with the latest hexaploid oat consensus map. Three major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting heading date were found in locations that are consistent with known QTLs and candidate genes, and two other QTLs affecting heading date were found in novel locations. Five QTLs affecting plant height were found. Both sets of QTLs are responsible for transgressive segregation observed for these two traits. Four QTLs affecting resistance to crown rust, caused by the pathogen Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, were identified. Two of these QTLs are consistent with known clusters of rust resistance genes, while two may represent new locations of novel rust resistance genes. A complete set of SNP sequences suitable for generating markers for molecular selection is provided.     

Pectin purified from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel as a natural hatching agent for fish embryos

Pectin is a biodegradable polysaccharide, and it has been recently applied as a gene delivery, drug delivery, wound healing and tissue engineering agent. In this study, pectin was extracted from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel and characterized. The extraction recovery of pectin form pomelo peel was 14.5%, and it had 72.56% degree of esterification, 1,245.56 equivalent weight, 7.82% methoxyl and 68.27% anhydrouronic acid contents. Use of pomelo pectin as a hatching enhancing agent for fish embryos and its effect on hatching enzyme 1 (ZHE1) was investigated. The pectin‐exposed zebrafish embryos (100 µg/ml) showed significantly (p < .05) higher hatching rate (96.6%) compared with untreated (control) embryos (66.6%) at 60 hpf. The mRNA expression of ZHE1 was also significantly (p < .05) elevated up to 55.6‐fold in pectin‐exposed embryos at 24 hpf. In situ hybridization results revealed remarkably strong expression of ZHE1 in pectin‐exposed embryos compared with the control group. In addition, considerably larger size of the hatching gland was observed in pectin‐exposed larvae than that of the unexposed larvae group. These results clearly indicate that pectin isolated from pomelo peel has an ability to enhance the hatching process of zebrafish embryos via upregulation of ZHE1.     

基于DEB理论的皱纹盘鲍个体生长模型参数的测定

为获取皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)个体生长模型所需的6个关键参数，设计了饥饿耗能、温度对耗氧的影响等相关生理实验，计算得到各项参数值。单位体积维持耗能率的值 、形成单位体积结构物质所需的能量值 、单位体积最大储存能量 和储备能量值 4个参数，通过连续测定皱纹盘鲍饥饿过程中呼吸耗氧率和软组织干重不断下降直至保持稳定时的能量值计算；温度函数中Arrhenius温度 的数值根据皱纹盘鲍在不同温度梯度下的单位干重耗氧率测定、计算；形状系数δm值通过统计测量的壳长、软组织湿重等生物学参数拟合回归得到。结果显示，皱纹盘鲍在饥饿后，呼吸耗氧率和软组织干重分别降低了26.3%和70.0%，呼吸耗氧率由2.69 mg/(ind.?h)逐渐降低并稳定在0.8 mg/(ind.?h)，软组织干重由(5.21±0.89) g降低至(3.84±0.22) g；根据公式计算得 和 的值分别为20.18 J/(cm3?d)和8120 J/cm；皱纹盘鲍饥饿前后有机物含量分别为80%和58%，经过换算， 和 的值分别为2726 J/cm3和32583 J/g。不同规格的皱纹盘鲍在水温为5℃~20℃范围内，温度与单位干重耗氧率呈正比；当水温超过20℃之后，温度与单位干重耗氧率呈反比。在转折点20℃之前，单位干重耗氧率的ln值与温度(热力学温度，K)的倒数呈线性关系，线性回归方程斜率的绝对值为Arrhenius温度 值( =7196 K)。生物学统计分析鲍壳长(L)与体积(V)呈三次函数关系：V=0.0639 L3.1621(R²=0.9852)，根据公式对软组织湿重的立方根与壳长进行线性回归，所得的斜率即为形状系数δm值(δm=0.43)。本研究对建立以DEB理论为指导的皱纹盘鲍个体生长模型提供了数据支撑。     

栅藻B38营养成分分析及蛋白质营养价值评价

对栅藻B38的营养成分进行了全面分析,结果表明,栅藻藻粉中油脂含量14%,总糖含量13.86%,粗纤维3.52%,灰分4.28%,蛋白质49.0%,为高蛋白质类微藻。栅藻B38中含有23种脂肪酸。栅藻B38中氨基酸总量为852.58 mg/g,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的47.45%,必需氨基酸指数为85.42%。两种模式的氨基酸比值系数分较接近,均在65以上;待评价物质的氨基酸品质与模式蛋白的贴近度接近1(0.93和0.88)。栅藻B38中共检测出23种矿物质元素,其中钠、钾、钙、镁、铁、铝含量较为丰富。重金属的含量均低于国家食品卫生标准。栅藻B38中维生素B3(106.02 mg/100 g)和维生素E(540.77 mg/100 g)的量较高。综上,栅藻B38的营养较丰富,可以进一步开发利用。     

链霉菌30702复合壳聚糖对番木瓜PRSV的防控效果

探究链霉菌30702复合壳聚糖对番木瓜环斑病毒病（papaya ringspot virus，PRSV）的防控效果，为番木瓜环斑花叶病防治提供基础。以台农二号番木瓜为材料，壳聚糖设3个浓度1.0g/L、0.5g/L、0.25g/L；30702菌液2个浓度0 cfu/L和4.2×10 6cfu/L，互相组合为6个处理，以清水处理为空白组，宁南霉素0.05 g/L为对照组，共8个处理；运用分光光度计法测量相关酶活。1.0 g/L壳聚糖复合4.2×106 cfu/L链霉菌30702的防治效果为88.6（p＜0.05），显著高于其他组；壳聚糖复合链霉菌30702组的防治效果、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性相较于单独使用壳聚糖组有显著提升。使用1.0 g/L壳聚糖复合4.2×106 cfu/L的30702对番木瓜防控PRSV的效果最好，防治指数达到88.6%。     

纸上意趣——民国时期报刊茶叶广告探析

民国时期(1912~1949)报刊中充斥着大量广告,其研究价值已为学界广泛承认。茶叶广告作为一种商品广告,在传播形式上具有图文并茂的特点,此外还有系列广告的运用。在创意理念上,茶叶广告以送礼、国货、卫生、科学、品牌等为主题,力求契合顾客的情感诉求或需要。民国报刊中的茶叶广告不仅具有审美价值,也包含鲜明的时代特征。     

猪瘟病毒cF114株E2基因在家蚕杆状病毒表达系统中的融合表达

为进一步利用家蚕杆状病毒表达系统研制猪瘟病毒(CSFV)新型的亚单位疫苗,将猪瘟病毒cF114株囊膜糖蛋白E2基因克隆至带有GST标签的分泌表达杆状病毒转移载体pAcSecG2T的EcoRⅠ和BamHⅡ位点之间,获得了带有杆状病毒囊膜蛋白gp67信号肽-GST-E2元件的重组杆状病毒转移载体pAcSecG2T-E2,与线性化家蚕杆状病毒Bm-BacPAK6 DNA共转染家蚕BmN细胞,筛选重组病毒(Bm-BacPAK6-E2),PCR证实所分离的重组病毒含有目的片段E2基因。SDS-PAGE图谱显示,感染重组病毒后,在细胞培养液上清和家蚕幼虫、蛹的血淋巴中均可检测到一条分子量为63 kD左右的特异性条带;感染Bm-BacPAK6-E2家蚕蛹的血淋巴可检测到GST活性,接种病毒148 h后重组蛋白的表达水平达到17.11μg/mL。     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.