Response surface methodology (RSM) of chicken skin gelatin based composite films with rice starch and curcumin incorporation

This study aims to optimize the formulation of composite films based on chicken skin gelatin with incorporation of rice starch (10–20%, w/w) and curcumin (0.03–0.10%, w/v). The effect of their interaction on film's tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), water vapor permeability (WVP) and antioxidant properties (DPPH%) were investigated using a response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD). The optimized film formulation was further validated to indicate the validity of the prediction model. The optimum conditions of the film were selected with incorporation of rice starch at 20% (w/w) and curcumin at 0.03% (w/v). The optimized film formulation has revealed better mechanical properties with low WVP value and good antioxidant activity. The results showed that optimized composite films formulation based on chicken skin gelatin with the incorporation of rice starch and curcumin has proving good validation of model prediction and can be effectively utilized in food packaging industry.     

食品中7种常见的非食用色素检测研究进展

食用色素可以明显的改善食品外观,激发食欲,在食品行业有着广泛的应用,但一些不法分子为了牟取暴利向食品中添加非食用色素来代替食用色素,但是非食用色素对人体存在致癌风险。食品中常见的非食用色素有以下7种：碱性嫩黄O、碱性橙II、酸性橙II、苏丹红、罗丹明B、美术绿和孔雀石绿,而目前对这7种非食用色素的检测还未全部建立国家标准。本文综述了近3年来食品行业中针对这7种非食用色素的各种检验方法,以期为食品安全监督监督检测机构提供参考。     

Separation of complex sugar mixtures on a hydrolytically stable bidentate urea‐type stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction near ultra high performance liquid chromatography

A stationary phase bearing both bridged bis‐ureido and free amino groups (USP‐HILIC‐NH₂–2.5SP) for high‐speed hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography separations was prepared using a one‐pot two‐step procedure starting from 2.5 μm totally porous silica particles. Highly polar compounds, such as polyols, hydroxybenzoic acids, and sugars, were successfully analyzed in shorter times and with higher peak efficiency, when compared to results obtained with a bidentate urea‐type column packed with 5 μm particles. Increased sugarophilicity and better peak shape were attested for the USP‐HILIC‐NH₂–2.5SP column (100 × 3.2 mm id) when compared with two commercially available UHPLC columns, namely an acquity BEH amide packed with totally porous 1.7 μm microparticles and a HILIC Kinetex column packed with core–shell 2.6 μm particles. Finally, the new column was employed in the separation of complex mixture of sugars (mono‐, di‐, and oligosaccharides) and in the analysis of beer samples. The resulting chromatograms showed good selectivity and overall resolution, while the catalyzing effect of the free amino moieties resulted in excellent peak shapes and in the absence of split peaks due to sugar anomerization phenomena.     

Three‐phase hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction combined with HPLC–UV for the determination of isothiazolinone biocides in adhesives used for food packaging materials

The present study deals with the development of a liquid microextraction procedure for enhancing the sensitivity of the determination of 2‐methyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one and 5‐chloro‐2‐methyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one in adhesives. The procedure involves a three‐phase hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction using a semipermeable polypropylene membrane, which contained 1‐octanol as the organic phase in the pores of the membrane. The donor and acceptor phases are aqueous acidic and alkaline media, respectively, and the final liquid phase (acceptor) is analyzed by HPLC coupled with diode array detection. The most appropriate conditions were extraction time 20 min, stirring speed 1400 rpm, extraction temperature 50°C. The quantification limits of the method were 0.123 and 0.490 μg/g for 2‐methyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one and 5‐chloro‐2‐methyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one, respectively. Three different adhesive samples were successfully analyzed. The procedure was compared to direct analysis using ultra high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with TOF‐MS, where the identification of the compounds and the quantification values were confirmed.     

Lactic acid bacteria in dairy food: Surface characterization and interactions with food matrix components

This review gives an overview of the importance of interactions occurring in dairy matrices between Lactic Acid Bacteria and milk components. Dairy products are important sources of biological active compounds of particular relevance to human health. These compounds include immunoglobulins, whey proteins and peptides, polar lipids, and lactic acid bacteria including probiotics. A better understanding of interactions between bioactive components and their delivery matrix may successfully improve their transport to their target site of action. Pioneering research on probiotic lactic acid bacteria has mainly focused on their host effects. However, very little is known about their interaction with dairy ingredients. Such knowledge could contribute to designing new and more efficient dairy food, and to better understand relationships between milk constituents. The purpose of this review is first to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the biomolecules produced on bacterial surface and the composition of the dairy matter. In order to understand how bacteria interact with dairy molecules, adhesion mechanisms are subsequently reviewed with a special focus on the environmental conditions affecting bacterial adhesion. Methods dedicated to investigate the bacterial surface and to decipher interactions between bacteria and abiotic dairy components are also detailed. Finally, relevant industrial implications of these interactions are presented and discussed.     

应用ICP-MS和GFAAS测定藻类食品中铅、镉的方法研究及比较

建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)测定藻类食品中铅、镉含量的方法,并与国家标准方法石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)进行了比较.样品经过微波消解,分别使用ICP-MS和GFAAS测定藻类食品裙带菜和海带中铅、镉含量,各元素校正曲线的相关系数均大于0.9991,样品分析结果RSD均小于3.6%(n=6...     

气相色谱法测定食品中仲丁灵残留量

提出了气相色谱法测定食品中仲丁灵残留量的方法。样品用正己烷-丙酮(1+1)混合液提取,提取液经凝胶渗透色谱和固相萃取净化。用DB-1701色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器测定。仲丁灵的质量浓度在10.0~500μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为1.4μg·kg-1。添加10,20,50μg·kg-1 3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在84.2%~97.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=8)在3.8%~15%之间。     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定食品中甜蜜素

应用毛细管柱气相色谱法测定了食品中甜蜜素。选择弱极性的DB-5型毛细管色谱柱(0.53mm×30m,1.0μm)作为分离柱,采用氢火焰离子化检测器。对固体样品的处理方法改用粉碎机打碎,并按样品的类别分别用水或经石油醚提取去脂后,再用水超声提取,离心分离并过滤后取其滤液供色谱分析。甜蜜素的质量浓度在0.01~1.0g·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性相关,检出限(3S/N)为1ng。在3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在90.9%~99.5%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.9%~6.8%之间。按此法测定了30个食品样品中甜蜜素的含量,所得测定值与欧盟标准方法(EN 12857)测定值相符。     

Determination of melamine in milk-based products and other food and beverage products by ion-pair liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

This paper describes a fast method for the sensitive and selective determination of melamine in a wide range of food matrices, including several milk-based products. The method involves an extraction with aqueous 1% trichloroacetic acid before the injection of the 10-fold diluted extract into the liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) system, using labelled melamine as the internal standard. As melamine is present in aqueous media in the cationic form, the chromatographic separation in reversed-phase LC requires the use of anionic ion-pair reagents, such as tridecafluoroheptanoic acid (THFA). This allows a satisfactory chromatographic retention and peak shape in all the types of food samples investigated. The method has been validated in six food matrices (biscuit, dry pasta and four milk-based products) by means of recovery experiments in samples spiked at 1 and 5 mg kg⁻¹. Average recoveries (n = 5) ranged from 77% to 100%, with excellent precision (RSDs lower than 5%) and limits of detection between 0.01 and 0.1 mg kg⁻¹. In addition, accuracy and robustness of the method was proven in different soya-based matrices by means of quality control (QC) sample analysis. QC recoveries, at 1 and 2.5 mg kg⁻¹, were satisfactory, ranging from 79% to 110%. The method developed in this work has been applied to the determination of melamine in different types of food samples. All detections were confirmed by acquiring two MS/MS transitions (127 > 85 for quantification; 127 > 68 for confirmation) and comparing their ion intensity ratio with that of reference standards. Accuracy of the method was also assessed by applying it to a milk-based product and a baking mix material as part of an EU proficiency test, in which highly satisfactory results were obtained.     

Development of a highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Sudan I in food samples

The use of Sudan I as an additive in food products has been prohibited in the European Union and many other countries. In this study, a highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Sudan I in food samples was developed. The hapten derivative with a three-carbon-atom length of carboxylic spacer at the azobound para-position was synthesized and coupled to carrier proteins. The hapten-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate was used as an immunogen, while the hapten-ovalbumin (OVA) conjugate was applied as a coating antigen. The mAb against Sudan I was produced by hybridoma technique and the corresponding ELISA was characterized in terms of sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy. At optimal experimental conditions, the standard curve was constructed in concentrations of 0.1-100 ng mL⁻¹. The values of IC₅₀ for nine standard curves were in the range of 1.1-2.0 ng mL⁻¹ and the LOD at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 (S/N = 3) was 0.07-0.14 ng mL⁻¹. The cross-reactivity values of the mAb with Sudan II, III and IV were 9.5%, 33.9% and 0.95%; no cross-reactivity was found with other six edible colorants: Lemon yellow, Bright blue, Indigotin, Kermes, Amarant and Sunset yellow, indicating the assay displays not only high sensitivity but also high specificity as well. The organic solvent effect on the assay was tested. It was observed that the ELISA was tolerated to 30% of methanol and 10% of acetonitrile without significant loss of IC₅₀ value. Six food samples were spiked with Sudan I and the methanolic extracts after appropriate dilution were analyzed by ELISA. Acceptable recovery rates of 88.2-110.5% and coefficients of variation of 2.5-17.4% were obtained. The ELISA for nine spiked samples was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a high correlation coefficient of 0.9840 (n = 9). The mAb-based ELISA proven to be a feasible quantitative/screening method for Sudan I analysis in food samples with the properties of high sensitivity, specificity, simplicity of sample pretreatment, high sample throughput and low expense.