MgO─CeO2烧结助剂对常压烧结氮化硅陶瓷致密化和性能的影响

系统研究了ＭｇＯＣｅＯ２烧结助剂对常压烧结氮化硅陶瓷致密化过程及其性能的影响，发现ＭｇＯＣｅＯ２是一种非常有效的烧结助剂，其致密化效果比单独用ＭｇＯ或ＣｅＯ２要好得多，常压烧结的Ｓｉ３Ｎ４ＭｇＯＣｅＯ２陶瓷，相对密度为９８．５％，室温强度可达９４８ＭＰａ。     

冲击电流对粉末压坯致密作用的试验

通过采用陶瓷材料作为凹模,研制能对压制的粉末施加冲击电流的模具,研究了冲击电流在铁粉压制过程中的致密作用。试验采用0.12F电容组,分别在不同充电电压和不同初始压制条件下,瞬时将电能以冲击电流形式作用于压制铁粉中,压成尺寸约为Ф10mm×10mm的圆柱形压坯。试验表明,施加冲击电流后,铁粉压坯密度可以增加5%~7%。充电电压越高或铁粉压坯初始密度越低,冲击电流对压坯密度增长的贡献越大。     

多孔烧结材料锻造镦粗成形致密的特性研究

粉末锻造是一种新型高性能的精密塑性成形技术，但其成形时的特殊性导致目前缺乏完善的、普遍适应的粉末锻造成形理论。通过对还原铁粉烧结多孔体预成形坯锻造镦粗成形致密实验，研究了不同初始相对密度、不同高径比、不同摩擦条件对预成形坯锻造镦粗成形、致密的影响规律。得到了粉末锻造镦粗的断裂极限准则，绘制出了断裂极限应变迹线，并着重分析了初始相对密度、高径比和摩擦因子对镦粗断裂极限的影响，确定了镦粗成形极限工艺参数曲线。实验研究结果为粉末锻造预成形坯与模具的设计、工艺参数的优化奠定了理论基础，并提供了有价值的实验数据。     

纳米三氧化二铝对陶瓷烧结温度的影响

采用在普通陶瓷坯料上涂抹一层纳米三氧化二铝的方法进行分组烧结试验。利用纳米颗粒的奇异特性提高坯料表面的扩散速率,降低烧结温度,提升烧结产物的致密化程度。实验中通过控制纳米添加剂的剂量以及工艺优化,取得最佳的增强、增韧效果。运用SME、XRD等检测手段分析不同晶型、不同形貌的纳米氧化铝对烧结温度的降低程度以及力学性能的改善状况,为陶瓷制备提供实验数据储备。实验结果表明:在陶瓷坯料表面涂抹纳米三氧化二铝涂层既可节省纳米材料又能大幅度降低烧结温度,是提高力学性能的行之有效的措施。     

Microstructural evolution and mechanism of grain growth in magnesia ceramics prepared by high pressure and temperature with ultra-high heating rate

The fast densification method of combustion reaction plus quick pressing was adopted to prepare nanocrystalline ceramics.The densification process of magnesia compact with a particle size of 100 nm was investigated,under the applied pressure of up to 170 MPa,and the temperature range of 1740–2080 K with ultra-high heating rate(above 1700 K/min).High-purity magnesia ceramics with a relative density of 98.8%and an average grain size of 120 nm was obtained at 1740 K,and the grain growth during the densification process was effectively restrained.The characteristic morphology of evaporation-condensation was observed in the compact prepared at 2080 K,which revealed the actual process of mass transfer by gas diffusion.Moreover,the investigation on the microstructure evolution and mechanism of grain growth was carried out,on the basis of as-preserved nanocrystalline ceramics.The result indicated that the grain growth of the nanocrystalline MgO was controlled by the mechanism of evaporation-condensation rather than surface diffusion.Furthermore,the pressure had an influence of restraining the grain growth based on solid diffusion and strengthening the effect of gas diffusion with the increasing temperature.Under the particular conditions,there existed an appropriate temperature for the densification of nanocrystalline magnesia,while the excessive temperature would exaggerate grain growth and impede densification.     

Parametric studies of multi-material laser densification

Fabrication of multi-material components via a laser-assisted layer-by-layer fabrication process has been numerically simulated and analyzed using a three-dimensional thermo-mechanical model. Effects of the chamber preheating temperature, laser scanning rate, initial porosity and thickness of each powder layer on the out-of-plane warping and residual thermal stresses of a nickel/porcelain workpiece have been investigated. It is found that warping and residual thermal stresses of the laser-densified multi-material workpiece are more sensitive to the chamber preheating temperature and the thickness of each powder layer than to the laser scanning rate and the initial porosity of the powder layer. The major mechanism responsible for these phenomena is identified to be related to the change of the temperature gradient induced by these laser processing parameters.     

Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结致密化过程的研究

定量描述了Nd-Fe-B磁体的烧结致密化过程, 分析了有效稀土含量、合金粉末粒度与烧结致密化过程的关系, 讨论了Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程的致密化机制. Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结致密化过程可分为3个阶段, 即致密化过程迅速进行阶段、缓慢进行阶段、相对稳定阶段;随着烧结温度的上升, 第一阶段表现得更为突出, 第二阶段对应的烧结时间区段大大缩短. 有效稀土含量的提高、合金粉末粒度的减小显著促进Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结致密化过程. 主相颗粒重排以及主相颗粒长大与形状适位性变化是Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程的两类主要致密化机制, 而且后者对于Nd-Fe-B烧结磁体实现完全致密化起着决定性的作用.     

The Densification of Cu／Ti System by Spark Plasma Sintering

In order to unclose the dynamics of SPS densification, a special sintering sample (Cul Ti wires compact) was designed. Characters of the shrinkage rates during sintering process and mierostructures of products fabrieated by the spark plasma sintering( SPS ) and hot-press .sintering were investigated. The experimental results reveal that a higher temperature field is formed at the connected area and conductive net of the compact. These high-temperature parts deformed more easily than other parts, which is believed to be the main cause of SPS fast densification, according to a hard-core and soft-hell material model.