Simulation of transport properties in Nb3Sn strand under bending

Superconducting performance of a large-scale Nb₃Sn cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) is degraded by periodic bending of strands subjected to a distributed transverse electromagnetic force during operation. The current transport in a single strand depends mainly on the bending strain and transverse resistivity. In particular, in the case of high-level strain and/or crack occurring among the filaments in the strain-sensitive Nb₃Sn strand, these two parameters are required for better understanding of the critical current I_c degradation of a single strand. We use finite element method to simulate transport properties of a single Nb₃Sn strand under bending. The simulation allows treating a wider range of transverse resistivity of strand, compared with our previous analytical method (Cryogenic, 58, 2013). Also, the present simulation incorporates the change of the area of strand cross section due to filament fracture into the boundary of the current transport, rather than simply imposes the condition of vanishing current on the filament fracture region as in the previous analytical method. We show the current/field profiles in the strand for various bending loads and transverse resistivities, as well as the I_c degradation of several types of strands under bending.     

Structural,electrical, optical and dielectric properties of yttrium substituted cadmium ferrites prepared by Co-Precipitation method

The yttrium substituted cadmium ferrites having composition Cd_1-xY_xFe₂O₄ (X = 0.00, 0.125, 0.250, 0.375, 0.500) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and sintered at 1100 °C for 6 h. Structural, morphological, electrical, optical and dielectric characteristics were explored by XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR, I–V two probes, UV–Vis and LCR techniques.XRD results confirmed the cubic structure of spinel ferrites. A decrease in lattice constants of the prepared samples was observed with the substitution of Y ions and was attributed to the difference in ionic radii of Y³⁺ (0.95 Å) and Cd²⁺ (0.97 Å) ions. Cationic distributions, ionic radii of both tetrahedral and octahedral sites, tolerance factor, oxygen positional parameters, bond lengths, interatomic distances, positional parameters and bond length angles were calculated from XRD data. The morphology of the prepared ferrites was studied using SEM and results ratified the XRD results. EDS confirmed the presence of all inserted elements in Cd_1-xY_xFe₂O₄ composition. DC resistivity and drift mobility of soft-ferrites were found to be increased from 1.047 × 10⁸–4.822 × 10¹⁰ Ω-cm and 5.87 × 10⁻¹² – 1.045 × 10⁻¹⁴ cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹, respectively, at 523 K with yttrium content confirming the behavior of semiconductor materials. The optical band gap energy calculated from the UV–Vis pattern of the Cd_1-xY_xFe₂O₄ system was decreased from 3.6011 to 2.8153 eV. DC resistivity and optical band gaps exposed inverse relation. FTIR results revealed lower and upper-frequency absorption bands in the ranges of 419.31–417.01 cm⁻¹ and 540.95–565.70 cm⁻¹, respectively. Dielectric constant and dielectric losses were in decreasing order, while ac conductivity revealed rising behavior with increasing frequency. Results showed the potential of yttrium doped Cd nanoferrites for applications in high-frequency microwave absorbing devices.     

Fabrication of core–shell nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic efficacy

The current study establishes the unprecedented involvement in the evolution and production of novel core–shell nanocomposites composed of nanosized titanium dioxide and aniline‐o‐phenylenediamine copolymer. TiO₂@copoly(aniline and o‐phenylenediamine) (TiO₂@PANI‐o‐PDA) core–shell nanocomposites were chemically synthesized in a molar ratio of 5:1 of the particular monomers and several weights of nano‐TiO₂ via oxidative copolymerization. The construction of the TiO₂@PANI‐o‐PDA core–shell nanocomposites was ascertained from Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy and XRD. A reasonable thermal behavior for the original copolymer and the TiO₂@PANI‐o‐PDA core–shell nanocomposites was investigated. The bare PANI‐o‐PDA copolymer was thermally less stable than the TiO₂@PANI‐o‐PDA nanocomposites. The core–shell feature of the nanocomposites was found to have core and shell sizes of 17 nm and 19–26 nm, respectively. In addition, it was found that the addition of a high ratio of TiO₂ nanoparticles increases the electrical conductivity and consequently lowers the electrical resistivity of the TiO₂@PANI‐o‐PDA core–shell nanocomposites. The hybrid photocatalysts exhibit a dramatic photocatalytic efficacy of methylene blue degradation under solar light irradiation. A plausible interpretation of the photocatalytic degradation results of methylene blue is also demonstrated. Our setup introduces a facile, inexpensive, unique and efficient technique for developing new core–shell nanomaterials with various required functionalities and colloidal stabilities. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

晶粒形态、尺寸对Ag-28Cu-0.75Ni合金超细丝加工及电学性能的影响

为诠释柱状晶贵金属兼具优良超细丝加工性能及高电阻率的原因,采用水平连铸、水冷铜模铸造及石墨模铸造,分别获得了具有20 μm×60 μm的柱状晶、10 μm的等轴晶、以及5 μm的表面细晶+长径比约为3的柱状晶+30 μm的芯部等轴晶三晶区的三种Ag-28Cu-0.75Ni合金棒材,研究了晶粒形态、尺寸对Ag-28Cu-0.75Ni合金棒材超细丝加工性能及电阻率的影响。结果表明：与等轴晶和三晶区Ag-28Cu-0.75Ni合金棒材相比,柱状晶棒材由于其较低的位错密度(1.78×10_¹⁵ m_^-2)及显微硬度变化率(33.3%)、铸态断口无解理台阶,表现了出最低的加工硬化率,且铸态轴向抗拉强度高达384.6 MPa,可实现100 m以上、直径0.05 mm超细丝高效不断丝加工；加工态及退火态的柱状晶Ag-28Cu-0.75Ni合金超细丝均表现出了较高的电阻率,经两次连续退火后电阻率高达3.68 μΩ.cm,与其较低的位错密度及加工硬化率有关。     

基于稳定固溶体团簇模型的无扩散阻挡Cu合金薄膜的成分设计

随着超大规模集成电路的发展,器件特征尺寸不断缩小,必然会出现Cu互连扩散阻挡层厚度无法进一步减小等瓶颈问题。因此,开发新型无扩散阻挡层Cu合金薄膜(Cu种籽层)势在必行。该新型互连结构在长时间的中高温(400~500℃)后续工艺实施过程中,需同时具备高的稳定性(不发生互扩散反应)和低的电阻率。基于此,首先综述了目前无扩散阻挡层结构的研究现状及问题,然后对基于稳定固溶体团簇模型设计制备的无扩散阻挡Cu-Ni-M薄膜的研究工作进行了梳理,通过多系列薄膜微观结构、电阻率及稳定性的对比,深入探讨了第三组元M的选择原则及其对薄膜热稳定性的影响。为进一步验证稳定固溶体团簇模型的有效性,对第二组元的变化进行了相关讨论。结果证实,选取原子半径略大于Cu、难扩散且难溶的元素作为第三组元M,薄膜表现出良好的扩散阻挡能力;当M/Ni=1/12,即合金元素完全以团簇形式固溶于Cu基体时,薄膜综合性能达到最优,能够满足微电子行业的要求。所有研究表明,稳定固溶体团簇模型在无扩散阻挡层Cu合金薄膜的成分设计方面十分有效,该模型也有望在耐高温Cu合金及抗辐照材料成分设计方面推广使用。     

高纯半绝缘SiC电阻率影响因素

采用物理气相传输(PVT)法进行高纯半绝缘SiC晶体生长,利用高温真空解吸附以及在系统中通入HCl和H2的方法,有效降低了系统中N、B和Al等杂质的背景浓度。使用二次离子质谱(SIMS)对晶体中杂质浓度测试,N、B和Al浓度分别小于1×1016、1×1015和2×1014 cm-3。对加工得到的晶片进行测试,全片的电阻率均在1×1010Ω·cm以上,微管密度小于0.02 cm-2,(004)衍射面的X射线摇摆曲线半高宽为34″。结果表明,该方法可以有效降低SiC晶体中N、B和Al等杂质浓度,提升SiC晶片的电阻率。使用该方法成功制备了4英寸(1英寸=2.54 cm)高纯半绝缘4H-SiC晶体。     

煤矿井下探测中影响不含水断层视电阻率变化的单一主控因素分析

选取晋城矿区典型3号无烟煤试样，在实验室进行单轴加载条件下的电阻率测试实验，并开展矿井瞬变电磁法探测不含水断层现场试验，研究了不含水断层的视电阻率变化特征。结果表明:煤样加载全过程，经过压密阶段、弹性变形阶段、塑性变形阶段、峰值后破裂阶段、残余变形阶段5个阶段；煤样应力应变曲线表现为由低到高再到低的特征，煤样电阻率曲线表现为由高到低再到高的特征；加载过程中，压密阶段、弹性变形阶段应力越大电阻率越小，应力为影响电阻率变化的主控因素；塑性变形阶段，电阻率先减小后增大，应力和裂隙共同影响电阻率变化，由应力为主要因素逐渐转变到裂隙为主要因素；峰值后破裂阶段和残余变形阶段电阻率急速增大，裂隙为影响电阻率变化的主控因素；通过瞬变电磁法探测不含水断层试验，发现不含水断层导致视电阻率明显升高，表明裂隙为影响断层视电阻率单一变化的主要因素。     

基于宽频复电阻率的含黏土沉积物中水合物饱和度计算方法

天然气水合物沉积物中的黏土成分显著影响沉积物的电学特性以及水合物饱和度的计算模型。以自主设计开发的复电阻率参数测量装置为实验平台,在20 Hz ~ 100 kHz频率范围内测试了黏土条件下含水合物海沙体系的复电阻率,分析了复电阻率的频散特性、黏土影响以及主导的电极化机制,利用泥质修正Archie公式建立了基于宽频复电阻率的水合物饱和度计算模型。研究结果表明：（1）含水合物海沙体系的复电阻率呈现出显著的频散特性,双电层极化和界面极化分别是20 Hz ~ 1 kHz和1 ~ 100 kHz频段主导的极化机制;（2）黏土颗粒表面的双电层发生形变增强了含水合物沉积物双电层极化作用,提高了复电阻率相角和虚部的绝对值;（3）在20 Hz ~ 100 kHz频率范围内泥质修正Archie公式岩性系数较为稳定,而胶结指数和饱和度指数与测试频率之间的关系在20 Hz ~ 1 kHz和1 ~ 100 kHz频段差异显著,因此应分频段建立水合物饱和度计算模型。本研究为探讨含水合物沉积物的低频电学特性和建立含黏土沉积物中水合物饱和度计算模型提供了新的途径。     

综合物探手段在前道矿山勘查中的应用

介绍了高精度磁法测量和高密度电阻率法测量的原理,并将其应用在前道矿山勘查中。通过对数据解译圈定构造断裂两条,为矿区深部找矿提供了指导。为下一步勘探工作提供了依据。     

三维石墨烯-碳纳米管/水泥净浆的压敏性能

为了探索三维石墨烯-碳纳米管(G-CNTs)/水泥净浆的压敏性能,采用四电极法研究了荷载作用下GCNTs/水泥净浆的电阻率变化,并分析不同G-CNTs掺量、加载幅度、加载速度以及恒定荷载对电阻率变化的影响。研究表明:随着G-CNTs掺量的增加,电阻率呈先减小后稳定的变化趋势,在G-CNTs掺量由0.2wt%增加至1.6wt%时,电阻率下降51.8%;电阻率与温度呈负相关;G-CNTs掺量高于0.8wt%时可以显著提高水泥净浆的压敏性能,且电阻率变化率与应力应变有明显的对应关系,1.2wt%G-CNTs掺量下试件的应力灵敏系数和应变灵敏系数分别为2.3%/MPa和291;G-CNTs/水泥净浆电阻率变化率幅值随着加载幅度增大而相应增加,其电阻率变化率曲线在不同加载速度以及恒定荷载作用下均与应力-应变曲线一一对应,具有良好的压敏特性。