Free smoking cessation mobile apps available in Australia: a quality review and content analysis

Objectives : This review aimed to identify free, high‐quality, smoking cessation mobile applications (apps) that adhere to Australian smoking cessation treatment guidelines. Methods : A systematic search of smoking cessation apps was conducted using Google. The technical quality of relevant apps was rated using the Mobile Application Rating Scale. The content of apps identified as high quality was assessed for adherence to smoking cessation treatment guidelines. Results : 112 relevant apps were identified. The majority were of poor technical quality and only six ‘high‐quality’ apps were identified. These apps adhered to Australian treatment guidelines in part. The efficacy of two apps had been previously evaluated. Conclusions : In lieu of more substantial research in this area, it is suggested that the high‐quality apps identified in this review may be more likely than other available apps to encourage smoking cessation. Implications for public health : Smoking cessation apps have the potential to address many barriers that prevent smoking cessation support being provided; however few high‐quality smoking cessation apps are currently available in Australia, very few have been evaluated and the app market is extremely volatile. More research to evaluate smoking cessation apps, and sustained funding for evidence‐based apps, is needed.     

Evaluating the feasibility and uptake of a community‐led HIV testing and multi‐disease health campaign in rural Uganda

Introduction: Multi‐disease community health campaigns can be effective for population‐wide HIV testing in a research setting (SEARCH: NCT01864603). We sought to evaluate feasibility and uptake of a community‐led health campaign (CLHC) planned and implemented by village leaders and local clinic workers in Uganda. Methods: Over five months in 2014, locally elected village leaders and Ministry of Health (MoH) clinic staff in a rural parish in Uganda planned a census followed by a CLHC, after training by two SEARCH trial consultants and by leaders from a neighbouring parish that had previously participated in a SEARCH health campaign. We defined feasibility as: (1) elected leaders’ participation in training and implementation of pre‐campaign census and mobilization activities; (2) implementation of all campaign activities by MoH‐funded, local clinic staff; and (3) community participation in the campaign, including point‐of‐care screening for HIV, malaria, hypertension and diabetes, and same‐day referral for male circumcision and family planning (FP). Costing of all salaries and supplies was conducted. Results: Elected leaders from all eight villages in the parish participated in CLHC training. They and local clinic staff met monthly to select and plan CLHC services. Village leaders then leveraged existing volunteer health teams to perform a door‐to‐door census, enumerating 5,202 parish residents over 2 weeks. 2,753 (53%) residents participated in the 6‐day CLHC. Of 1,584 adult participants, 1,474 (93%) tested for HIV: 105/1,474 (7.1%) tested HIV positive. 27% (751/2,753) of participants reported fever and underwent malaria rapid diagnostic testing: 5.3% (40/751) tested positive. Among adults screened, 19% (271/1,452) were hypertensive, and 3% (18/637) had a random blood sugar >11.1 mmol/L. Of 805 men and boys (>10 years), 91 (11%) accepted same‐day clinic referral and underwent medical circumcision. Of 900 women offered same‐day long‐term FP referrals, 25 accepted. The CLHC cost, including census, mobilization and testing services, was $23,597 ($8.57/participant). C onclusions: Elected village leaders successfully planned and conducted a 6‐day multi‐disease health campaign with service provision by local clinic staff that reached over half of a rural Ugandan community. These data suggest it is feasible for local leaders and clinics to adopt a multi‐disease health campaign approach to scale‐up HIV testing in rural Africa.     

Monitoring of gliomas in vivo by diffusion MRI and 1H MRS during gene therapy‐induced apoptosis: interrelationships between water diffusion and mobile lipids

The measurement of water diffusion by diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) in vivo offers a non‐invasive method for assessing tissue responses to anti‐cancer therapies. The pathway of cell death after anti‐cancer treatment is often apoptosis, which leads to accumulation of mobile lipids detectable by ¹H MRS in vivo. However, it is not known how these discrete MR markers of cell death relate to each other. In a rodent tumour model [i.e. ganciclovir‐treated herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSV‐tk) gene‐transfected BT4C gliomas], we studied the interrelationships between water diffusion (Trace{D}) and mobile lipids during apoptosis. Water diffusion and water‐referenced concentrations of mobile lipids showed clearly increasing and interconnected trends during treatment. Of the accumulating ¹H MRS‐visible lipids, the fatty acid ? CH ?CH ? groups and cholesterol compounds showed the strongest associations with water diffusion (r² = 0.30; P < 0.05 and r² = 0.48; P < 0.01, respectively). These results indicate that the tumour histopathology and apoptotic processes during tumour shrinkage can be interrelated in vivo by DWI of tissue water and ¹H MRS of mobile lipids, respectively. However, there is considerable individual variation in the associations, particularly at the end of the treatment period, and in the relative compositions of the accumulating NMR‐visible lipids. The findings suggest that the assessment of individual treatment response in vivo may benefit from combining DWI and ¹H MRS. Absolute and relative changes in mobile lipids may indicate initiation of tumour shrinkage even when changes in tissue water diffusion are still small. Conversely, greatly increased water diffusion probably indicates that substantial cell decomposition has taken place in the tumour tissue when the ¹H MRS resonances of mobile lipids alone can no longer give a reliable estimate of tissue conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湖南省基本消灭丝虫病后的监测

目的：探讨自1986年湖南省达到基本消灭丝虫病后该病残存传染源消长规律及传播作用。方法：应用常规方法进行病原学、蚊媒和血清学纵向、横向监测以及流动人口监测，对薄弱环节采取适当的巩固措施。结果：在55个县（市）的横向监测中，末次检出微丝蚴阳性者系于1993年，蚊媒监测已有12年未查见人体幼丝虫感染蚊。血清学（IFAT）监测，平均人群抗体阳性率从1987年的13．15％至1996年降为1．06％，与非流行区人群水平相似。5个县（市）6个纵向监测点连续10－17年的观察结果，检获的11例残存微丝蚴血症者，有10例均在1－10年内阴转，另1例至14年未阴转。蚊媒监测，2个马来丝虫病监测点均未查见幼丝虫，4个班氏丝虫病监测点于第1－3年查见幼丝虫，其自然感染率为0．38％－1．98％，第4年以后均为阴性。结论：湖南省基本消灭丝虫病后残存传染源逐年减少，丝虫病传播已被阻断。     

移动医疗安全问题与应对措施

随着3G、4G通讯等移动通讯技术和移动互联网技术进一步成熟,移动互联已经进入并改变着医疗业务的各个环节,远程医疗、个性化健康服务、健康管理等移动医疗应用也越来越受到重视,移动医疗在整合区域医疗资源、简化就医流程、实现医院精细化管理的同时也存在着诸多安全相关问题亟待解决,针对目前在移动医疗应用中出现的常见问题进行了归纳总结,并提出相应的应对措施。     

医院微小化信息服务平台的设计与实现

介绍了医院以微信官网为依托,构建移动端微小化信息服务平台的设计思路与实践经验。建设内容包括系统架构、设计原则,各模块如预约挂号及科室专家查询、信息通告及院内导航服务、个性候诊提醒及检验报告查询、医患互动平台、健康教育、满意度调查与志愿者服务等方面的功能。旨在让医院能够为公众及患者提供高效、丰富、精准、个性化、互动的移动端信息化优质服务。     

大学生手机依赖与父母教养方式、主观幸福感的关系

目的:探讨大学生手机依赖与父母教养方式、主观幸福感之间的关系。方法:选取湖北省某高校大一至大三学生1477名集体施测,采用手机依赖评定量表(MPAI)测得手机依赖程度、简式父母教养方式问卷中文版(s-EMBU-c)测量被试的父母教养方式以及总体幸福感量表(GWB)测量幸福感水平。结果:大学生MPAI平均得分(36.7±11.5),女生得分高于男生[(37.8±11.2)vs.(35.8±11.6),P<0.01]。M PAI得分与父亲拒绝、父亲过度保护、母亲拒绝、母亲过度保护得分呈正相关(r=0.14~0.21,均P<0.01),与父亲温暖、母亲温暖及SWB得分呈负相关(r=-0.17、-0.16、-0.49,均P<0.01)。通径分析表明,主观幸福感在父母教养方式与手机依赖的关系中起部分中介作用,其中介效应分别占总效应的73.8%和43.5%。结论:父母教养方式、主观幸福感与手机依赖的关系密切,父母教养方式能够通过主观幸福感影响手机依赖。