血管内皮生长因子在维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌组织中表达及意义

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)在维吾尔族妇女宫颈鳞状细胞癌发生发展中的作用及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组化方法检测慢性宫颈炎(22例)、宫颈癌(43例)活检及手术切除标本中VEGF-C的表达,并与临床病理参数进行比较分析。结果慢性宫颈炎、宫颈癌组中VEGF-C阳性表达率分别为9.1%、100.0%,差异有统计学意义;VEGF-C表达随宫颈癌组织临床分期增高而增高,差异有统计学意义;在组织分化1～2级和3级的宫颈癌患者中强阳性表达率分别为51.6%和58.3%,差异无统计学意义;早期手术的24例宫颈癌标本中无淋巴浸润及有淋巴浸润VEGF-C强阳性表达率分别为55.6%和50.0%,差异无统计学意义。结论新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌组织中VEGF阳性的表达与临床分期有关,与组织学分化及淋巴结的浸润无关。     

Prefrontal pathways target excitatory and inhibitory systems in memory-related medial temporal cortices

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), situated in the caudal part of the medial prefrontal cortex, is involved in monitoring on-going behavior pertaining to memory of previously learned outcomes. How ACC information interacts with the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system is not well understood. The present study used a multitiered approach to address two questions on the interactions between the ACC and the parahippocampal cortices in the rhesus monkey: (1) What are the presynaptic characteristics of ACC projections to the parahippocampal cortices? (2) What are the postsynaptic targets of the pathway and are there laminar differences in innervation of local excitatory and inhibitory systems? Labeled ACC terminations were quantified in parahippocampal areas TH and TF and a cluster analysis showed that boutons varied in size, with a population of small (≤0.97 μm) and large (>0.97 μm) terminations that were nearly evenly distributed in the upper and deep layers. Exhaustive sampling as well as unbiased stereological techniques independently showed that small and large boutons were about evenly distributed within cortical layers in the parahippocampal cortex. Synaptic analysis of the pathway, performed at the electron microscope (EM), showed that while most of the ACC projections formed synapses with excitatory neurons, a significant proportion (23%) targeted presumed inhibitory classes with a preference for parvalbumin (PV+) inhibitory neurons. These findings suggest synaptic mechanisms that may help integrate signals associated with attention and memory.     

胃癌组织中TRβ1和β-catenin的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨甲状腺激素受体β1 （thyroid hormone receptor β1,TRβ1）和β连环蛋白（β-catenin）在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法：应用免疫组化SP法和RT-PCR技术检测80例胃癌组织及40例无癌胃黏膜组织中TRβ1和β-catenin蛋白、mRNA的表达,分析两者mRNA表达量与临床病理指标的关系.结果：胃癌组织和无癌胃黏膜组织中TRβ1蛋白的阳性表达率分别为16.25％ （13/80）、80.00％（32/40）;β-catenin蛋白的异常表达率分别为62.50％ （50/80）、0（0/40）.TRβ1 mRNA在无癌黏膜组织中的表达量高于癌组织（P＜0.01）,β-catenin mRNA则相反（P＜0.01）,且两者的表达量与肿瘤分化、淋巴结转移、浸润深度、TNM分期有关（P＜0.05）.结论：胃癌组织中TRβ1蛋白和mRNA的表达均减少,β-catenin则增加;两者mRNA表达量与胃癌的生物学行为有关.TRβ1和β-catenin有可能参与胃癌的发生、发展和侵袭转移.     

IL-22在扁平苔藓中的表达

目的：研究IL-22在扁平苔藓皮损中的表达,探讨其在扁平苔藓疾病中的作用。方法：免疫组化检测IL-22在30例扁平苔藓皮损和10例正常皮肤组织中的表达。结果：在扁平苔藓皮损中IL-22主要表达于表皮全层的角质形成细胞和真皮浅层浸润的淋巴细胞胞质,在正常皮肤中IL-22主要表达于基底层附近的角质形成细胞,IL-22在扁平苔藓皮损的表达水平明显高于正常皮肤（P<0.01）。结论：IL-22在扁平苔藓发病中可能起一定作用。     

Her-2、EGFR、PS-2、ER在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨人表皮生长因子受体2（Her-2）、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、雌激素调节蛋白（PS-2）、雌激素受体（ER）在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法 用免疫组织化学方法检测108例乳腺癌患者Her-2、EGFR、PS-2、ER的表达情况,并进行比较。结果 Her-2、EGFR、PS-2、ER表达阳性者分别为40例（37．0％）、44例（40、7％）、62例（57．4％）和58例（53．7％）。Her-2的表达与EGFR无相关性（p0．05）,与PS-2呈负相关（P〈0．05）,与ER呈负相关（P〈0．05）。Her-2、EGFR、PS-2、ER表达与乳腺癌的组织学分级相关（P〈0．05）。Her-2、EGFR、ER表达与淋巴结转移相关（P〈0、05）,Her-2、EGFR、PS．2、ER与乳腺癌的病理学类型、患者年龄及肿瘤大小无关（P〉0、05）。结论 乳腺癌中Her-2、EGFR表达提示患者预后不良;PS．2、ER表达提示患者预后良好;Her-2、EGFR、PS．2、ER是判断乳腺癌预后的有效指标。     

Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of pilomyxoid astrocytoma： a report of six cases

Objective： The aim of this study was to study the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of pilo- myxoid astrocytoma （PMA）. Methods： The clinical and pathologic features in six cases of PMA were analyzed. Immunohisto- chemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）, synaptophysin （Syn）, Chromogranin A （CgA）, cytokeratin （AEI/AE3）, epithelial membrane antigen （EMA） and Ki67 was performed on paraffin-embedded sections. Results： Among the six cases, five occurred in female patients, one was male, the age at diagnosis ranged from 2 to 15 years. Four cases were located in the hypothalamic area and optic pathway, one case in the third ventricle, and one case in left parietal lobe. On imaging, PMAs often appears as well-circumscribed mass. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of monomorphous bipolar （piloid） cells setting in a prominent myxoid background with an angiocentric radiating growth pattern in some areas. PMA lacked biphasic pattern, Rosenthal fibers and eosinophilic granular bodies which were usually typical in a classic pilocytic astrocytoma （PA）. Immunohistochemcal study showed that the tumor cells were diffusely positive for GFAP. Syn positive staining was observed in one case. The Ki67 labeling index measured less than 5%. Conclusion： PMA is a distinct aggressive variant of pilocytic astrocytoma with special histological and immunohistochemical features. It is typically a rare tumor of early childhood. Im- munohistochemical staining for GFAP and Syn is helpful in differential diagnosis.     

VEGF、Bmi-1在结肠癌组织中的表达及意义

目的：检测VEGF、Bmi-1在结肠癌及癌旁正常组织中的表达,并分析其与临床病理参数的相关性。方法选取2009年1月至2012年12月的结肠癌患者60例为观察组,同期癌旁正常组织20例为对照组,采用免疫组织化学检测结肠癌组织和癌旁正常组织中VEGF、Bmi-1的表达情况,并分析其与结肠癌临床病理特点、预后及相互关系。结果免疫组织化学检测显示观察组VEGF、Bmi-1表达明显高于对照组（ P ＜0．05）,观察组VEGF、Bmi-1表达均与淋巴结转移、组织分化程度、TNM分期有关（ P ＜0．05）,而二者的表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小无关（ P ＞0．05）,观察组患者结肠癌组织中VEGF、Bmi-1表达呈显著正相关（ r ＝0．667, P ＜0．05）,VEGF表达阳性者3年生存率与表达阴性者生存率差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。结论 VEGF、Bmi-1表达与结肠癌发生,发展密切相关, VEGF可作为结肠癌评估预后的观测指标。     

EGFR与HER-2在不同分子类型乳腺癌中的表达及其相关性分析

目的：探讨EGFR和HER-2在不同分子类型乳腺癌组织中的表达及其相关性。方法：回顾性分析2015年1月—2020年3月在邯郸市中心医院行手术治疗的乳腺癌患者资料650例(其中浸润性导管癌600例，浸润性小叶癌50例)及乳腺纤维腺瘤30例，应用免疫组织化学(IHC)方法对手术切除标本进行EGFR和HER-2蛋白表达检测，采用χ²检验及Spearman相关分析对数据进行统计学分析。结果：EGFR在乳腺浸润性导管癌中表达阳性率为48.7%，显著高于浸润性小叶癌(24.0%)及纤维腺瘤(16.7%)(P<0.01)。HER-2在乳腺浸润性导管癌中表达阳性率为27.8%，显著高于浸润性小叶癌(8.0%)及纤维腺瘤(6.7%)(P=0.002)。乳腺浸润性导管癌与浸润性小叶癌中，EGFR阳性率与HER-2评分等级呈正相关(r=1.000，P<0.05)，且EGFR阳性率与HER-2阳性表达呈正相关(r=1.000，P<0.05)。EGFR阳性率在HER-2过表达型与三阴型乳腺癌组织中显著高于Luminal A型和Luminal B型，且Luminal B中HER-2阳性显著高于HER-2阴性亚型(P<0.001)。结论：EGFR、HER-2阳性率在乳腺浸润性导管癌显著升高，且EGFR阳性率与HER-2的评分等级及阳性表达率均呈正相关，EGFR在HER-2过表达型与三阴型乳腺癌组织中显著升高，为进一步研究HER-2阳性乳腺癌及三阴型乳腺癌的靶向药物治疗提供线索及理论依据。     

人工关节无菌性松动界膜中的溶骨因子

背景：研究证实人工关节无菌性松动是一个溶骨的过程，溶骨因子在其中具有重要作用，但目前只有肿瘤坏死因子、前列腺素E2的相关报道，对于其他溶骨因子在这一过程中的作用尚未见相关研究报道。 目的：检测人工关节无菌性松动患者界膜组织中溶骨因子的表达。 方法：将2006-03/2008-12武警医学院附属医院及协作医院收治的发生人工关节无菌性松动并行关节翻修的54例患者设为观察组，翻修术中收集界膜。同时收集武警医学院内固定取出术患者56例设为对照组，内固定取出术中收集内固定物与骨之间组织。两组标本均以免疫组化方法检测白细胞介素1、白细胞介素6、白细胞介素11、单核细胞集落刺激因子等促进溶骨细胞因子的染色指数，同时以反转录-聚合酶链反应方法检测细胞因子mRNA表达情况。 结果与结论：白细胞介素1、白细胞介素6、白细胞介素11、单核细胞集落刺激因子在人工关节无菌性松动患者界膜组织中的表达水平明显高于对照组(P < 0.05)。提示白细胞介素1、白细胞介素6、白细胞介素11、单核细胞集落刺激因子等溶骨因子在人工关节无菌性松动病理过程中发挥了重要作用，如能阻断其病理过程将有效减缓和预防人工关节无菌性松动的发生。     

毛黏液星形细胞瘤的临床病理观察(英文)

Objective:The aim of this study was to study the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of pilomyxoid astrocytoma(PMA).Methods:The clinical and pathologic features in six cases of PMA were analyzed.Immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),synaptophysin(Syn),Chromogranin A(CgA),cytokeratin(AE1/AE3),epithelial membrane antigen(EMA)and Ki67 was performed on paraffin-embedded sections.Results:Among the six cases,five occurred in female patients,one was male,the age at diagnosis ranged from 2 to 15 years.Four cases were located in the hypothalamic area and optic pathway,one case in the third ventricle,and one case in left parietal lobe.On imaging,PMAs often appears as well-circumscribed mass.Microscopically,the tumor was composed of monomorphous bipolar(piloid)cells setting in a prominent myxoid background with an angiocentric radiating growth pattern in some areas.PMA lacked biphasic pattern,Rosenthal fibers and eosinophilic granular bodies which were usually typical in a classic pilocytic astrocytoma(PA).Immunohistochemcal study showed that the tumor cells were diffusely positive for GFAP.Syn positive staining was observed in one case.The Ki67 labeling index measured less than 5%.Conclusion:PMA is a distinct aggressive variant of pilocytic astrocytoma with special histological and immunohistochemical features.It is typically a rare tumor of early childhood.Immunohistochemical staining for GFAP and Syn is helpful in differential diagnosis.