欧盟宪治:一种宪政法理学解读

<欧盟宪法条约>在2005年遭遇挫折,原因是多方面的,或许民主的因素不可忽视,当然这还涉及到人们刘欧盟性质、特征以及宪法条约文本的理解.欧盟立宪应当是一个社会互动的过程,包括民众在内的各种社会力量通过谈判达成共识,这样产生的宪法才是一部欧洲人民的宪法,而非仅仅是一部欧洲国家间的宪法,也唯有如此才可能构建新的宪政秩序.而宪政法理学为我们研究欧盟立宪问题提供了概念分析工具.     

试论公共治理的兴起与服务型政府的构建

本文从公共治理的兴起和原因入手,指出了构建服务型政府的内涵和理论依据,进而论述了服务型政府的基本特征和内在运行机制,在此基础上对我国服务型政府建设的路径进行了分析并提出了相应的建议。     

宪法爱国主义观念初探

宪法爱国主义观念最初由德国政治科学家多尔夫·施特恩贝格尔提出。哈贝马斯是宪法爱国主义最强力、最具扩散效应的鼓吹者，他将宪法爱国主义构建为一种关于“后传统认同”的观念。他认为国家认同应当不过多地聚焦于某种历史认同，而是更多地关注于权利和民主协商的程序。宪法爱国主义创新者米勒认为，国家认同与政治认同应当立基于体现着自由民主宪政的规则和价值，塑造培育一种调和普世主义与特殊主义的特定的宪政文化，促进公民政治归属感的养成。只有这样，才能带来正当的公民忠诚和公民团结，从而促进国家长久的稳定、社会的发展。     

宪法爱国主义观念初探

宪法爱国主义观念最初由德国政治科学家多尔夫·施特恩贝格尔提出.哈贝马斯是宪法爱国主义最强力、最具扩散效应的鼓吹者,他将宪法爱国主义构建为一种关于"后传统认同"的观念.他认为国家认同应当不过多地聚焦于某种历史认同,而是更多地关注于权利和民主协商的程序.宪法爱国主义创新者米勒认为,国家认同与政治认同应当立基于体现着自由民主宪政的规则和价值,塑造培育一种调和普世主义与特殊主义的特定的宪政文化,促进公民政治归属感的养成.只有这样,才能带来正当的公民忠诚和公民团结,从而促进国家长久的稳定、社会的发展.     

The European Union and gender mainstreaming: Constitutionally embedded or comprehensively marginalised?

This paper examines the extent to which gender mainstreaming is constitutionally embedded in the legal framework of the European Union. Within the framework of that broad question it examines three sub-questions concerning the robustness and constitutionalised nature of the E.U.'s `equality regime', the extent of adaptation to mainstreaming methodologies by supranational institutions such as the Court of Justice, and the extent of the gender dimension in the debates which are shaping the future of the European Union, especially the 2002–3Convention on the Future of the Union and the Commission's Governance White Paper of 2001.The E.U. is analysed in this article as an emergent, non-state, postnational constitutionalised polity. The first section presents this perspective, and the succeeding three sections engage with the three` sub-questions' outlined above. The conclusion suggests that as yet, while gender concerns maybe constitutionally embedded in the Treatyframe work, they are less prominent in the constitutional politics of the Convention and the Governance White Paper. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

论宪政中的平衡理念

宪政事实上是一种由宪法架构的平衡机制及其所达成的平衡状态 ,其核心理念是不断在权利与权力、权利与义务之间实现平衡 ,使权利与权力、权利与义务协调发展。宪政平衡论突显了程序的意义 ,宪政平衡论为宪政实践提供了一种切实的指导思路 :权利与权力并重 ,权利义务并重 ,对权力适当分离并相互制衡     

Promises of an impossible compromise: conceded constitutions in Europe, 1814–1906

The enactment of a constitution through the method of ‘concession’, as it was used in Europe between the Napoleonic wars and World War I, indicates that a hitherto absolute ruler understood the need for a higher level of institutionalization and collective exercise of state power, but mistrusted institutionalized and collective processes, which would define the level needed. In other word, a ‘concession’ comprehended an imminent contradiction. Drafting an enduring constitution is a complex and difficult task, which requires consensus- building on a wide scale through collective procedures. However, a ruler who ‘concedes’ implicitly denies any kind of collective constitution-making, which could get out of the ruler’s control. Instead rulers preferred a non-inclusive approach, using court advisors and/or ministers appointed by the ruler, to draft the constitutional text. The European experience analyzed in this article shows that popular involvement through representative procedures (such as the election of a constituent assembly) in the making of a constitution can improve its chances for endurance through time and create a political environment more favourable for the constitution to achieve normative quality, instead of remaining essentially a false promise.     

浅议宪政视野下的“两规”制度

“两规”制度是党的权力机关和国家权力机关赋予纪检监察机关的特殊调查措施，是在特定的历史条件下产生与发展起来的，具有存在的现实性与合理性。在宪政理念下，随着中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成，“两规”制度有待进一步完善与发展，使其制度化与法制化，成为中国特色社会主义法律体系的一部分。     

是君主喜好还是元首决定具有法律效力——对元首制时期和优士丁尼时代罗马宪政的考察

本文以对Quod principi placuit,legis habet vigorem的正确翻译为起点,还原了帝政分权时期元首与元老院分权、共治的宪政局面,批驳了罗马无宪法论以及私法巨人、公法矮子论,揭示了某些英语世界的作家故意误译上述拉丁短语以彰显英国宪政优越论的阴谋,展示了短语作者乌尔比安的思想体系中的宪政倾向,对延长西方宪政史的时间链条具有特别的意义。     

从设议院到立宪法——晚清“Constitution”汉译与立宪思潮形成考论

在中国,英文"Constitution"一词早期曾被译为"国例"、"例制"、"国法"、"章程"、"国律"等中文词。中国近代立宪意义上的"宪法"一词,最早见于王韬和郑观应的著作,但他们只是一提而过,并未作深入的阐述。维新期间的康有为、梁启超也多次提到"宪法"一词,但他们只是把宪法当作一般的律法看待,并无立宪涵义的认知,更谈不上提出了立宪的主张。学界长期使用的史料、康有为《请定立宪开国会折》中"立宪法"、"三权鼎立"的内容是后来改窜添加的。戊戌时期康、梁的政治主张主要集中在兴民权、设议院上,并非如学界长期认为的那样,已经成为了立宪主义者。康、梁真正成为立宪主义者,要在逃亡日本、大量阅读日译或日著的宪法著作之后。在日本,"Constitution"早期也被译为"国宪"、"政体"等词。日本近代立宪主义上的"宪法"一词,最早出现在明治初年对西方宪法的翻译中,后经立宪进程的推展而成为公定用语。中国近代对宪法概念首次展开深入分析的,是流亡日本后的梁启超于1899年撰写的《各国宪法异同论》一文。英文"Constitution"和具有立宪主义涵义之"宪法"概念,正是经"同文同种"之日本学者的翻译、梁启超以及留日学生的转述而在中国真正广泛传播开来。随着日俄战争中日本取胜,"立宪救国论"随之而起,中国立宪的进程才真正得以开启。