科学技术是第一生产力学说的演变和发展

“科学技术是第一生产力”的学说,是邓小平对马列主义、毛泽东思想重大发展的内容之一。本文通过对马克思、恩格斯、列宁、毛泽东、邓小平和江泽民关于科学技术与生产力关系的论述,揭示了“科学技术是第一生产力”学说的演变、发展过程,具有一定的学术参考价值。     

Characteristics of Backspatter on the Firearm and Shooting Hand—An Experimental Analysis of Close‐range Gunshots

Contact and close‐range gunshot injuries can produce bloodstains on the shooting hand and weapon. In this study, backspatter was analyzed in experimental horizontal pistol shots into blood‐filled sponges. The shooting distances were set between 0 and 45 cm. With increasing shooting distance, there was a significant decrease in the degree of backspatter. Microspatter could be detected on the weapon and shooting hand up to a shooting distance of 40 cm. They were predominantly located on thumb and index finger as well as the radial dorsal aspects of the hand. Fine spray of microspatter combined with elongated droplets in the shape of exclamation marks was found at contact and 2‐cm distance shots. An angular calculation based on the shape of the bloodstains was possible up to a shooting distance of 2 cm. No bloodstains were detected beyond 45 cm.     

法类术语的科学性探析

法类术语中的概念应透过事物的现象,抽象其本质;应该舍弃事物的局部,概括其整体;也要力求摆脱对事物的褒贬,是中性的。法类术语表现的法学理念或法律概念,要在经验的基础上反映事物的逻辑关系,体现系统性。     

法科留学生与中国近代法学

近年来,我国学术界对法科留学生与中国近代法制的关系问题有了一些研究,但对法科留学生对中国近代法学所作的贡献,则还未系统涉及。本文分三个部分,对中国近代法科留学活动的展开,法科留学生在中国近代法学的诞生与成长过程中所起的作用,以及因法科留学活动而带给中国近代法学以若干特点与传统作了比较详尽的阐述。     

以全争于天下——试析孙子的强国思想

从政治思想层面去解读《孙子兵法》,它无疑是一部深刻说明如何"强国"的纲领性著作,其核心是"全争"的战略思想,"争"的直接目的是取"胜"。孙子强调"知胜"、"能为胜败之政"、"奇胜"、"胜可为"、"胜可全"。孙子"全争"的思想具有强大的生命力。     

关于繁荣、发展哲学社会科学的几点思考

近三年来,党中央为繁荣、发展我国哲学社会科学,提出了重要指导思想。为繁荣和发展哲学社会科学,我们必须首先要做到坚持和巩固马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位,拓展对马克思主义的研究领域,准确理解和把握马克思主义经典著作的原意。     

审视并反思我国高等教育潜在的四种危机——基于iPhone利益分配的视角

通过对iPhone的技术参数、定价、利润分配三个图表的分析,解读了iPhone的传奇现象,揭示了其背后的科技内涵。基于高等教育的科研职能,提出了我国高等教育在科研创新和成效推广中潜在的四种危机。旨在认识并理清它们之间的关系,反思我国目前的高等教育现状,以期对我国高等教育的发展起到启示和借鉴作用,进而加快我们由"中国制造"向"中国创造"迈进的步伐。     

The Politics of Security and Technology in Switzerland

Technologies play crucial roles in security politics. In a recent push to understand the dynamic interplay between technologies and politics, IR scholars increasingly draw on reflexive research traditions. The aim is to understand the social and political practices that influence the shape, design and use of security technologies instead of assuming that technologies have linear, independent effects on politics. This SPSR debate draws on this new perspective and applies it to topics salient in Swiss public debate. Its contributions analyze how cybersecurity, predictive policing, drones, artificial intelligence, targeted sanctions, urban design and spyware are deliberated, negotiated, programmed and critiqued in Switzerland. They chart different analytical avenues with which to address the recursive and non‐linear relationship between security politics and technologies, and, by familiarizing readers with the tenets and diversity of reflexive political science research, seek to give that longstanding scholarly research tradition better visibility in the Swiss political science community.     

法律认知和法律原则：情感、效率与公平

情感、效率、公平是人们认知活动中惯常的三个进程。对应这三个进程,人们对法律的认知有一些基本的原则。这些认知互动既可能形成社会自发秩序,也可能为法学提供一个基于认知背景的分析框架,有助于法学应对实践问题。“公平主导”的一个简单回答是,面对不同场合,情感、效率、公平三种进程被激活的程度不同。大体上,家庭场合激活情感,工程场合激活效率,市场和法律则更激活公平。在实践中,公平主导的法律原则由于比较接近主流社会认知,所以法律规范在社会中往往可能“自执行”,无需全靠外界监督或者激励。公平原则也有其自身的局限。虽然规范和原则很重要,是社会秩序的母体。但是,公平原则并不能解决所有问题。缺乏制度上的法治,光靠情理法是不足的。所以现代社会形成了规则化解决纠纷的机制,这就是二阶意义上的法律。