Inhibition of superoxide anion production in non-stimulated guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells by anti-inflammatory drugs.

Inhibitory effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on the production of superoxide anion (·O₂^? by isolated non-treated guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) was studied spectro-photometrically using NADH and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Values of ID₅₀ were; diclofenac sodium (2 × 10^?5M), indomethacin (3 × 10^?5M), oxyphenbutazone (8 × 10^?5M), fenamic acid (1 × 10^?4M), ibuprofen (1 × 10^?4M), benzydamine (3 × 10^?4M), aspirin (10^?3M<) and dexamethasone (10^?3M<). The mechanism of inhibition seemed to block plasma membrane associated NAD(P)H oxidase(s) activity which produces ·O₂^? ID₅₀ values of other drugs; superoxide dismutase (SOD, 2 × 10^?8M), cytochalasin B(1 × 10^?7M) and NEM (6 × 10^?6M). d-Mannitol radical scavenger), 1,3-diphenyl-isobenzofuran (singlet oxygen scavenger) and sodium azide (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor and singlet oxygen scavenger) were negative.Superoxide radical itself or oxygen-centered radical(s) derived from ·O₂^? is supposed recently as a rate-limiting factor for prostaglandin (PG) synthetase. Whether the inhibition of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on ·O₂^? production is linked directly to PG biosynthesis or not, ·O₂^? was already demonstrated in our laboratory to make a role for the development of rat carageenan foot oedema. It may serve as a new in vitro sceening method of NSAID, to check the inhibitory potency of a compound on ·O₂^? production by guinea pig PEC.     

低分子右旋糖酐等容血液稀释对家兔急性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的影响

本实验观察了低分子右旋糖酐或生理盐水等容血液稀释对家兔急性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的影响。结果表明:两种溶液稀释血液均可降低缺血心肌再灌时全血粘度,但右旋糖酐等容血液稀释对降低缺血心肌再灌后心肌组织脂质过氧化物及保护心肌超氧化物歧化酶活性的效应明显高于生理盐水等容稀释。此外右旋糖酐等容血液稀释尚可改善缺血心肌再灌后心功能及控制梗塞灶的扩大。结果提示:低分子右旋糖酐等容血液稀释具有一定程度的抗再灌损伤效应,其机理似与降低血液粘滞性改善微循环及抗氧自由基的作用有关。     

氧自由基在急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎中的作用及其对血小板量和聚集性的影响

本文采用TBA法测定了35例急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎(AOSC)患者血浆脂质过氧化物(LPO)的含量,观察了血浆LPO对血小板量、聚集性的影响。结果提示,氧自由基(OFR)在AOSC的发病机制中起着重要作用。OFR是血小板下降的重要因素,其活性水平和血小板量对AOSC的预后估价具有重要的参考价值。     

氩激光虹膜切除术后暂时性眼压升高机制的实验研究

为探索氩激光虹膜切除术后暂时性眼压升高的发生机制，观测了兔眼激光虹膜切除术后房水前列腺素Ｅ２（ＰＧＥ２）和超氧化物歧化酶活性的动态变化与眼压升高的关系及消炎痛、维生素Ｅ等药物的防治作用。结果显示：氩激光术后暂时性眼压升高与房水ＰＧＥ２浓度升高和ＳＯＤ活性下降有关，术前应用消炎痛、考的松和维生素Ｃ、维生素Ｅ对眼压升高有防治作用。     

Superoxide dismutase and cytochrome oxidase activities in light and heavy synaptic mitochondria from rat cerebral cortex during aging

The specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cytochrome oxidase (COX) in light and heavy synaptic mitochondria from rat cerebral cortex at different ages (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 months) have been measured. The specific activity of COX was significantly higher in light synaptic mitochondria than in heavy ones at all ages examined. However, no significant difference during aging was shown. A marked decrease of SOD in light and heavy synaptic mitochondria during aging was observed.     

Lipid peroxide and antioxidant enzymes in muscle and nonmuscle of dystrophic mouse

To determine whether abnormality in redox metabolism occurs specifically in certain individual dystrophic muscles, thiobarbituric acid reactivity, free radical scavengers, and oxidative marker enzymes were measured in the liver, kidney, erythrocytes, heart, and four different individual skeletal muscles from C57BL/6J dy/dy mice. Superoxide dismutases were assayed by specific radioimmunoassays, which enabled the study of a small individual murine muscle. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase were increased markedly in each individual dystrophic skeletal muscle studied and less markedly in the heart. Manganosuperoxide dismutase and thiobarbituric acid reactivity were decreased to a similar extent in each dystrophic skeletal muscle. Cuprozinc superoxide dismutase was decreased in the soleus muscle. Only a minimal biochemical change occurred in nonmuscles. Fumarase activity correlated closely with the level of manganosuperoxide dismutase. These results suggest that muscle protein breakdown occurs independently of lipid peroxidation despite the presence of tissue-specific abnormality of redox metabolism in dystrophic muscle.     

部队进驻不同海拔高度Hb和RBC—SOD的变化及其相关性分析

目的：研究某部进驻不同海拔高度时Ｈｂ和ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ的变化；方法：随机挑选某高原适应性训练部队５０名士兵，在海拔１４００、３７００、５２７０和５４００ｍ处检测Ｈｂ和ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ，并用海拔高度及Ｈｂ与ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ作相关性分析；结果；随海拔升高，Ｈｂ递增，ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ递减，均相差显著或相差非常；海拔高度及Ｈｂ与ＲＢＶ－ＳＯＤ均呈负相关；结论：高原低氧和低气压是影响Ｈｂ和ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ变化的主要因     

Putrescine-modified catalase with preserved enzymatic activity exhibits increased permeability at the blood-nerve and blood-brain barriers

Much evidence exists in support of the hypothesis that free radicals contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders and that mechanisms of free radical generation occur both intracellularly and extracellularly. Previous studies in this laboratory have shown that covalent modification of growth factors and antioxidant enzymes with the naturally occurring polyamine, putrescine, increases their permeability at the blood-nerve and blood-brain barriers (BNB and BBB), but does not significantly inhibit bioactivity. Furthermore, putrescine-modified superoxide dismutase (SOD) was shown to reduce neurodegeneration in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia. The purpose of the present study was to modify the antioxidant enzyme, catalase (CAT), with putrescine (PUT) at carboxylic acid groups whose ionization, and hence reactivity, was controlled with pH and investigate the effects on permeability and enzymatic activity. Modification of CAT with PUT increased its permeability 2–3-fold and preserved 67% of its enzymatic activity compared to native CAT and 137% compared to lyophilized CAT. The results of this study indicate that modification of CAT with putrescine increases its permeability while preserving enzymatic activity. PUT-SOD administered in combination with PUT-CAT may eliminate both the superoxide radical and the H₂O₂ produced from the dismutation of superoxide, respectively, and thus prevent the formation of hydroxyl radicals. This combination may exhibit increased neuroprotective effects, compared to native enzymes, following systemic administration for the treatment of free radical associated neurodegenerative disorders.     

大鼠血浆、肝脏和腓肠肌亚细胞组分中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量分布

对大鼠血浆、肝脏和腓肠肌亚细胞组分中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量进行了测定．结果，在大鼠血浆、腓肠肌和肝脏三者中，超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性和丙二醛含量由高至低的顺序依次为肝脏、肌肉、血浆，均有显著性差异；在肌肉和肝脏亚细胞组分中超氧化物歧化酶则以胞浆中活性为最，线粒体次之，微粒体中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性最低．肝脏胞浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于线粒体中的活性．谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶在微粒体中的活性极低或无法测出．丙二醛含量在肝脏中的含量最高，肌肉中含量次之，最后为血浆．丙二醛含量在肝脏中的顺序依次为线粒体、微粒体和胞浆．在肌肉中丙二醛含量顺序为胞浆、微粒体和线粒体．