2011年江苏省高砷地区砷中毒健康教育效果评价

目的评价2011年江苏省饮水型地方性砷中毒健康教育干预效果。方法随机抽取高砷地区的9个乡(镇)中1所小学和1个村为调查点。每所小学抽30名学生,每个村抽15名家庭妇女为调查对象。参照《2011年中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金地方病防治项目技术方案》中健康教育问卷,进行面对面饮水型地方性砷中毒防治知识知晓率问卷调查。结果小学生干预前地方性砷中毒防治知识知晓率为54.94%,干预后为94.07%;家庭主妇干预前知晓率为53.09%,干预后为90.62%,两者干预前后知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);各县干预前后知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论江苏省高砷地区饮水型地方性砷中毒健康教育干预效果较好,小学生和家庭主妇相关防治知识水平明显提高。     

某冶炼企业作业工人尿砷和血铅检测及临床观察

目的通过检测企业职工的尿砷和血铅含量及对超标者进行临床观察、治疗,了解工作环境中砷、铅对职工身体健康状况的影响。方法采集某冶炼厂一线作业工人的169份尿液和血液,用湿法消解-原子荧光法和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法分别进行尿砷和血铅含量捡测。结果 169名工人中,有25例尿中砷含量增高,45例血中铅含量增高,其中14例尿砷和血铅检测结果同时增高,分别占体检人数的14.79%、26.63%、8.28%。且男性血铅异常百分率明显高于女性(P0.01)。部分砷、铅超标工人出现头昏、腰背酸痛、全身乏力、精神睡眠差、胃肠消化道症状及血、尿常规、肝功异常。结论该企业生产环境中砷、铅已对职工身体健康造成一定影响,应加强作业环境监测,改善劳动条件,提高工人的职业防护意识。     

陕西省饮水型砷中毒病区和高砷区改水降砷现状调查

目的 研究我省已查明饮水型地方性砷中毒病区和高砷区改水降砷防治措施落实和工程运转情况,为进一步落实防治措施提供理论依据.方法 本研究于2011年6月采用询问法对陕西省商洛市、汉中市和咸阳市每个病区村和高砷水区进行调查,调查改水降砷防治措施落实和工程运转情况,并记录调查人、被调查人的身份和联系方式以便核实;现场查看改水降砷工程水源地,采集水源水水样,采用北京吉天仪器有限公司生产的AFS-930双道原子荧光光度计检测,依据GB5749-2006进行评价.结果 在80个自然村或村民小组中,有61个自然村或村民小组已经改水,改水率为76.25％(61/80),未改水的有19个,占23.75％(19/80);检测17份水样,水砷含量在0.000 4～0.008mg/L之间.结论 我省饮水型砷中毒病区和高砷水区基本实施改水降砷,已改水的自然村水砷均符合国家饮用水卫生标准.建议有关部门尽快落实未改水自然村的防治措施,实施全面改水;对于居住分散,一时无法找到合适水源,而现有的供水网络无法纳入的农户,建议实施搬迁,使病区百姓早日脱离高砷危害.     

砷中毒对体外实验细胞损伤的分子生物学机制研究进展

摘要：砷是确认的人类致癌物,但由于无机砷的致癌动物模型较难复制,使体外细胞实验成为砷致癌机制研究的必要手段。随着分子生物学技术的快速发展,体外细胞实验在揭示砷致细胞损伤的分子生物学作用、增强人们对砷致癌机制的认识上提供了有价值、可信的成果,对砷致癌机制研究的深入开展有重要的推动作用。然而,由于体外细胞实验自身的特点,以及砷在生物体内的甲基化代谢模式,使体外细胞实验在砷致癌机制的研究上也存在一定的局限性。     

Evaluation of the Association between Arsenic and Diabetes: A National Toxicology Program Workshop Review

Background: Diabetes affects an estimated 346 million persons globally, and total deaths from diabetes are projected to increase > 50% in the next decade. Understanding the role of environmental chemicals in the development or progression of diabetes is an emerging issue in environmental health. In 2011, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) organized a workshop to assess the literature for evidence of associations between certain chemicals, including inorganic arsenic, and diabetes and/or obesity to help develop a focused research agenda. This review is derived from discussions at that workshop.Objectives: Our objectives were to assess the consistency, strength/weaknesses, and biological plausibility of findings in the scientific literature regarding arsenic and diabetes and to identify data gaps and areas for future evaluation or research. The extent of the existing literature was insufficient to consider obesity as an outcome.Data Sources, Extraction, and Synthesis: Studies related to arsenic and diabetes or obesity were identified through PubMed and supplemented with relevant studies identified by reviewing the reference lists in the primary literature or review articles.Conclusions: Existing human data provide limited to sufficient support for an association between arsenic and diabetes in populations with relatively high exposure levels (≥ 150 µg arsenic/L in drinking water). The evidence is insufficient to conclude that arsenic is associated with diabetes in lower exposure (< 150 µg arsenic/L drinking water), although recent studies with better measures of outcome and exposure support an association. The animal literature as a whole was inconclusive; however, studies using better measures of diabetes-relevant end points support a link between arsenic and diabetes.     

Pre- and postnatal arsenic exposure and body size to 2 years of age: a cohort study in rural bangladesh

Background: Exposure to arsenic via drinking water has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and infant morbidity and mortality. Little is known, however, about the effects of arsenic on child growth.Objective: We assessed potential effects of early-life arsenic exposure on weight and length of children from birth to 2 years of age.Methods: We followed 2,372 infants born in a population-based intervention trial in rural Bangladesh. Exposure was assessed by arsenic concentrations in urine (U-As) of mothers (gestational weeks 8 and 30) and children (18 months old). Child anthropometry was measured monthly in the first year and quarterly in the second. Linear regression models were used to examine associations of U-As (by quintiles) with child weight and length, adjusted for age, maternal body mass index, socioeconomic status, and sex (or stratified by sex).Results: Median (10th-90th percentiles) U-As concentrations were about 80 (25-400) μg/L in the mothers and 34 (12-159) μg/L in the children. Inverse associations of maternal U-As with child's attained weight and length at 3-24 months were markedly attenuated after adjustment. However, associations of U-As at 18 months with weight and length at 18-24 months were more robust, particularly in girls. Compared with girls in the first quintile of U-As (< 16 μg/L), those in the fourth quintile (26-46 μg/L) were almost 300 g lighter and 0.7 cm shorter, and had adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for underweight and stunting of 1.57 (1.02-2.40) and 1.58 (1.05-2.37), respectively, at 21 months.Conclusions: Postnatal arsenic exposure was associated with lower body weight and length among girls, but not boys.     

三氧化二砷联合姜黄素对KG1a细胞的协同杀伤作用

本研究旨在探讨三氧化二砷联合姜黄素对KG1a细胞的增殖与凋亡的影响及可能的机制.采用MTT法检测细胞存活率;甲基纤维素集落形成实验检测细胞成集落能力;流式细胞术检测细胞表面分子、细胞凋亡率及细胞周期变化;瑞氏姬姆沙染色法观察细胞形态;Westerrn blot检测细胞BCL-2、BAX、PARP蛋白表达.结果表明：KG1a细胞表型为CD34＋ CD38-,HL-60细胞表型为CD34＋ CD38＋;前者成集落能力比后者强.姜黄素及三氧化二砷单用对KG1a细胞增值抑制作用均具有剂量依赖性.联合用药与单药对比,前者细胞存活率、克隆形成集落数更低,而细胞凋亡率更高.联合用药能够降低细胞的BCL-2、PARP两种蛋白表达、增加BAX蛋白表达.结论：KG1a细胞是比HL-60细胞更早期的白血病干/祖细胞.三氧化二砷联合姜黄素能更有效抑制KG1a细胞增殖及诱导其凋亡,其机制可能与BCL-2、PARP蛋白表达下调、BAX蛋白表达上调有关.     

有色金属矿区非职业接触人群尿砷含量分析

目的了解贵州省赫章县长期矿山开采重金属污染地区人群尿砷含量特征。方法在开采污染最严重的妈姑镇和无矿山开采的撒拉溪镇随机选取>45岁村民作为研究对象,采集村民的尿液进行砷含量检测。结果妈姑镇男女尿砷均值分别为46.97和56.30μg/gCr,撒拉溪镇男女尿砷均值分别为36.55和45.83μg/gCr,妈姑镇人群尿砷含量高于撒拉溪镇,女性尿砷含量高于男性。妈姑镇非职业人群尿砷95%上限男女分别为99.40和141.92μg/gCr,撒拉溪镇非职业人群尿砷95%上限男女分别为65.70μg/gCr和78.06μg/gCr。结论调查地区95%村民尿砷<100μg/gCr,无慢性砷中毒。     

氟砷致骨代谢损伤生物暴露限值基准剂量法分析

目的应用基准剂量法探讨燃煤氟砷污染致暴露人群骨代谢损伤的生物暴露限值,为预防氟砷暴露对人体健康的损害提供骨损害方面的参考依据。方法应用BMDS Version 2.1.2软件计算氟砷暴露人群尿氟、尿砷的基准剂量(BMD)及其可信限下限(BMDL)。结果氟、砷混合暴露引起骨代谢损伤的尿氟BMD及BMDL分别为1.96mg/gCr、1.32 mg/gCr;尿砷BMD及BMDL分别为120.11μg/gCr、94.83μg/gCr。结论建议氟、砷混合暴露引起暴露人群骨代谢损伤尿氟和尿砷的生物暴露限值分别为1.32 mg/gCr和94.83μg/gCr。     

水砷暴露致人群心电图改变的研究

目的 研究不同水砷含量暴露与人群心电图改变的关系,探讨砷对心血管系统的影响.方法 2008-2013年,根据饮水型地方性砷中毒的历史监测资料,在山西省和内蒙古自治区选择15个村作为调查点,选择年龄≥20岁、饮水≥10年的当地常住居民作为调查对象,按照饮水砷含量分为对照组(＜0.01 mg/L)、低水砷组(0.01～＜0.05 mg/L)、中水砷组(0.05～＜0.10 mg/L)以及高水砷组(≥0.10 mg/L).采集调查对象家中的饮用水,应用氢化物原子荧光法检测水砷,并描记12导联心电图,比较不同水砷暴露人群的心电图改变.结果 共对1 341人进行心电图检查,异常率为11.56％(155/1 341),其中,对照组、低、中、高水砷组分别为5.7％(9/158)、12.85％(59/459)、12.02％(28/233)、12.02％(59/491).对照组的心电图异常率均低于低、中、高水砷组(x2值分别为6.141、4.391、5.090,P均＜0.05).心电图改变以心律失常和ST-T改变为主.对照组的各种心律失常异常率[0(0/158)]均低于低、中、高水砷组[4.58％(21/459)、3.86％(9/233)、3.46％(17/491);x2值分别为7.483、6.247、5.618,P均＜0.05].4组人群右心室扩大、心肌缺血心电图异常率组间比较差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为9.525、9.848,P均＜0.05).结论 饮水型砷中毒病区居民心电图异常改变以心律失常和ST-T改变为主.水砷含量≥0.01 mg/L即可明显引起心电图异常率的增加,饮水砷对心脏组织有一定的影响.