运用介入法检查治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的分析

目的：研究探讨血管内水解可脱卸弹簧圈结合球囊封堵治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的技术操作要点，适应症及临床应用前景。方法：本组共10例患者采用水解可脱卸弹簧圈结合封堵球囊栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤，直径在5mm-10mm。先用大弹簧圈使其在瘤内成篮，然后再用小弹簧圈进行填塞，根据瘤体的大小，可用数个由大到小的水解可脱弹簧圈直至把瘤体腔填塞完全，结果：10例颅内动脉瘤获得完全致密栓塞均获得成功，术后不定期随访，载瘤动脉保持通畅，无再出血及脑缺血性事件发生，动脉瘤无复发，效果良好。结论：水解可脱卸弹簧圈结合球囊封堵法栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤效果良好，是首选的治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的完全、有效的方法，在临床上有广阔的应用前景。     

心源性脑栓塞

随着诊断技术水平的提高,愈来愈多的证据表明心源性栓子是缺血性脑卒中患者发病的重要原因,据估计,约15%～20%的脑梗死患者是由心源性栓塞引起。因缺乏金标准,临床常推测诊断,如果患者有全身性栓塞的病史和表现,又有心脏     

主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术

主动脉的扩张性疾病可分为真性动脉瘤、动脉夹层（aortic dissection，AD）和假性动脉瘤。随着这类疾病发病率和检出率逐年提高，人们对它们的关注程度也不断提高。如何治疗他们，成为摆在临床医生面前的难题。1991年，Parodi率先报告了支架-人造血管复合体（直型）在腹主动脉瘤治疗中的应用，成为腔内血管治疗历史上的一个里程碑。随着医疗器械的不断发展、技术的不断完善、经验的不断积累总结，微创、安全的腔内隔绝术在主动脉扩张性疾病中的治疗中得到广泛的认可，并在全球范围内迅速推广。     

“微创颅内血肿清除术”专题高研班将举办

由中国医院协会（原中华医院管理学会）主办的全国神经内科主任（微创颅内血肿清除术）临床适宜技术高研班，拟定于2006年9月10日至15日在安徽省黄山市举办，培训费980元，食宿统一安排，费用自理。学习期满授予学员Ⅰ类继续教育学分。     

钝性创伤致肠系膜上动脉分支假性动脉瘤一例

1病历资料患者女,46岁,2个月前因交通伤致腹部受伤,于当地医院腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血,行保守治疗后出现腹胀、腹痛、左下腹渐增性肿块。体检:贫血貌,左下腹可见一20cm×15cm包块,边界不清,有触痛,无搏动及血管杂音,肠鸣音弱。辅助检查:血红蛋白56g/L,红细胞2.3×1012/L。B超见左下腹有一不规则囊实性肿块,内部回声不均。彩色多普勒超声提示瘤腔内呈涡流的彩色血流信号,破口约0.8cm。CT提示左下腹包块,强化期包块内含造影剂血溢出,向下蔓延形成洋葱层样外观。CT血管成像(CTA)提示肠系膜上动脉分支假性动脉瘤。治疗时先采用介入方法,经股动脉…     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

经眉弓眶上锁孔入路手术治疗前循环动脉瘤

目的探讨前循环动脉瘤经眉弓眶上锁孔入路手术夹闭的方法及相对适应证。方法分析我科用该手术方式治疗的14例(16个)颅内前循环动脉瘤的临床资料,着重阐述手术方法、注意事项、术中动脉瘤破裂处理及手术适应证。结果14例(16个)动脉瘤全部一次手术夹闭成功,其中4例术中有动脉瘤破裂出血,2例合并有脑积水并行脑室腹腔分流术,1例死于肺部感染及多脏器功能衰竭,其它患者恢复良好。结论用该方法治疗前循环动脉瘤安全、微创,值得临床推广应用。     

以失用为主要表现的胼胝体梗死

目的探讨胼胝体梗死的临床表现、病因及鉴别诊断特点。方法对2005年7月收治的1例53岁男性胼胝体梗死患者的临床表现、影像学特点、病因机制及其治疗过程进行回顾分析。结果临床主要表现为发作性黑蒙、言语不利,既往有高血压、糖尿病、脑梗死、吸烟、饮酒史,体格检查以失用为主要表现。头部MRI检查可见左侧脑室旁、胼胝体梗死,右侧基底节、脑桥陈旧性腔隙性梗死;脑血管造影检查显示为多发性血管狭窄,其中以左侧大脑中动脉、右侧颈内动脉及基底动脉最为严重。经颈内动脉内膜剥离术及颈内动脉支架植入术治疗,临床症状缓解。结论失用可以是胼胝体梗死的主要表现,其病因是在脑动脉粥样硬化基础上的血流动力学改变,患者预后良好。